外交政策是国家与其他国家之间的关系。这种关系涉及照management乌玛的对外事务。伊斯兰国的外交政策建立在一个固定不变的概念之上，即传播伊斯兰，并将使命传达给每一个民族和每一个社会。这正是伊斯兰国外交政策的根本基础。无论谁统治这个国家，这一基础从不改变，也从不不同或变化。这一基础始终得到坚持，并在各个时期付诸实施，从穆罕默德ﷺ定居麦地那之时，直至奥斯曼国家的最后一日。

The foreign policy is the State’s relationship with other states. This relationship entails looking after the foreign affairs of the Ummah. The Islamic State’s foreign policy is based on a fixed concept that does not change. This is the propagation of Islam and the conveyance of the Message to every nation and every society. This is the very basis of the Islamic State’s foreign policy. The basis never changes and never differs or varies no matter who rules the State. This basis has always been maintained and it has been carried out at all times, from the time when the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) settled in Madinah to the last day of the ‘Uthmani State. .

真使者(愿主赐其平安)自抵达麦地那的第一天起,便以传播伊斯兰为基础制定了伊斯兰国的政策。他(愿主赐其平安)与犹太人签订条约,以便专心在希贾兹地区推广使命。他(愿主赐其平安)与古莱氏签订了侯代并条约,以便在阿拉伯半岛传播使命。最后,他(愿主赐其平安)派遣使者前往半岛之外的国家,旨在以邀请其皈依伊斯兰为基础,建立以传播伊斯兰为宗旨的关系。

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) set up the policy of the Islamic State on the basis of spreading Islam since the very first day he (pbuh) arrived in Madinah. He (pbuh) signed treaties with the Jews in order to concentrate on extending the Message in Hijaz. He (pbuh) signed the treaty of al-Hudaybiyah with the Quraysh in order to spread the Message in the Arabian Peninsula. Finally, he (pbuh) sent envoys to the countries outside the Peninsula with the aim of establishing relations based on the spreading of Islam, by inviting them to embrace it. .

之后，他的哈里发们继承了他的事业。他们同样以传播伊斯兰为基础，与其他所有国家建立关系，并继续将伊斯兰的讯息传递给世界。所有掌权的穆斯林统治者都竞相传播伊斯兰。事实上，倭马亚王朝在征服他国和传播伊斯兰方面，比阿拔斯王朝更为成功；奥斯曼王朝征服的国家和传播伊斯兰的范围，也超过了马穆鲁克王朝。然而，这种差异除了其他因素外，还在于国家对其对外政策所赋予的优先次序。传播伊斯兰始终是建立与其他国家关系的基础。在所有哈里发的统治期间，这一点从未改变。国家的职责是在国内实施伊斯兰，并将其讯息传递给世界。因此，伊斯兰国家的任务始终是传递伊斯兰的讯息。使传递和传播伊斯兰成为对外政策基础的，正是这一讯息面向全人类的事实。安拉（SWT）说：“我（穆罕默德ﷺ）只是作为报喜者和警告者派遣给全人类的，但大多数人并不知道。”[赛伯厄，34:28]

Afterwards, came his Khulafa’. They also established relations with all the other states on the basis of spreading Islam, and they too continued to carry the Message of Islam to the world. All the Muslim rulers who came to power competed in the spreading of Islam. The Ummayads were actually more successful in conquering other countries and spreading Islam than the Abbasids, and the ‘Uthmanis conquered more countries and spread Islam more than the Mamluks. This disparity was due, however, to the priorities the State would give to its foreign policy among other factors. The spreading of Islam always remained the basis upon which the relationship with other states was established. This has never changed throughout the rule of all the Khulafah. The duty of the State is to implement Islam at home and to carry its Message to the world. Therefore, the task of the Islamic State has always been to carry the Message of Islam. What actually makes the conveyance and spreading of Islam the basis of the foreign policy is the fact that the Message is addressed to the whole of mankind. Allah (swt) says, . “And we have not sent you (O Muhammad) except as a giver of glad tidings and a warner to all mankind, but most of men know not.” [Saba’, 34:28]. .

安拉(SWT)还说:"人类啊!主已将劝诫降临你们。"(《优努斯》,10:57)。

Allah (swt) also says, . “O mankind! There has come to you a good advice from your Lord.” [Yunus, 10:57]. .

他说:"你说:'世人啊!我确是安拉派遣给你们全体的使者。'"[《古兰经》7:158]。

He I says, . “Say, O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah.” [Al A’raf, 7:158]. .

他说："这部古兰经是启示给我的，以便我借它警告你们，以及凡它所能到达的人。"[《畜牧》，6:19]。

And He I says, . “This Qur’an has been revealed to me that I may warn therewith you and whomsoever it may reach.” [Al-An’am, 6:19]. .

他还说:“使者啊(穆罕默德ﷺ)!把你的主所降示给你的,宣布出来吧。你若不这样做,便是没有传达他的使命。”[《筵席章》,5:67]。

He I also says, . “O Messenger (Muhammad (pbuh))! Proclaim (the Message) which has been sent to you from your Lord. And if you do not, then you have not conveyed His Message.” [Al-Ma’idah, 5:67]. .

安拉的使者ﷺ向人类传达了讯息,他去世之后,伊斯兰教依然由穆斯林承载下去。伊斯兰讯息的传达,实际上是安拉的使者ﷺ所开创之事业的延续。穆斯林遵循他ﷺ的教导,持续传播伊斯兰的讯息。安拉的使者ﷺ在他的告别演说(Khutbah al-Wada’)中说:“在场的人应当告诉不在场的人,因为不在场的人可能比听者更能领会。”他ﷺ还说:“愿安拉使一个人容光焕发,他听了我的话,理解了它,并如他所听到的那样将它传达出去。”

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) conveyed the Message to mankind, and when he (pbuh) died Islam continued to be carried by the Muslims. The conveyance of the Islamic Message is in fact the continuation of the work that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had initiated. The Muslims followed his (pbuh) teachings and continued spreading the Message of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said in his Khutbah al-Wada’ (farewell speech), “Would the present tell the absent, for the absent may be more conscious than the listener.” He (pbuh) also said, “May Allah brighten a man who listened to my saying, understood it and conveyed it as he heard it.”. .

这就是为什么伊斯兰召唤的传达成为了伊斯兰国与其他国家关系的基础，无论是在先知穆罕默德ﷺ在世之时，还是在他之后其哈里发们的时代。这是一条确定无疑、决定性的神圣法则，有《古兰经》、圣训以及众圣门弟子的普遍共识为证。

This is why the conveyance of the Islamic call has become the basis of the Islamic State’s relationship with other states during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and in the days of his Khulafah after him. And this is the Divine rule which is decisive and conclusive, in evidence by the Book and the Sunnah and the general consensus of the Sahabah. .

因此,伊斯兰国的对外政策是向全世界传达伊斯兰的讯息。这一政策通过一种确定不变的方式来实施,即圣战(Jihad),无论掌权者是谁。自先知穆罕默德ﷺ建立国家直至伊斯兰国终结,这一方式从未改变。先知穆罕默德ﷺ在建立伊斯兰国之后不久便组建了军队。他ﷺ发动圣战,是为了清除阻碍伊斯兰宣教(Da'wah)的物质障碍。古莱氏人便是这样的物质障碍,于是他ﷺ决定将其除去。随后,他ﷺ又摧毁了古莱氏人的存在,即那个阻碍伊斯兰宣教的存在本身。他ﷺ还清除并摧毁了其他障碍,直到伊斯兰遍及整个阿拉伯半岛。之后,伊斯兰国开始叩响其他民族的大门,向他们传播伊斯兰。它发现,现存的统治体系构成了宣教面前的物质障碍,因此必须将其清除,以便直接接触民众,邀请他们信仰伊斯兰,使他们能够亲眼看见并感受伊斯兰的公正,见证在其旗帜下的繁荣与体面生活,并在没有强迫或胁迫的情况下,邀请人们走向更美好的生活。圣战作为传播伊斯兰的方式持续进行,通过圣战,许多国家被征服。通过圣战,王国和国家被推翻,伊斯兰统治了这些民族与国家。伊斯兰得以传播,数以亿计的人在受其统治之后皈依了伊斯兰。实施该对外政策所采用的方式是圣战。它从未改变,也永远不会改变。

Therefore, the foreign policy of the Islamic State is to convey the Islamic Message to the world. This policy is implemented by a defined method that never changes, which is Jihad, regardless of who is in authority. Since the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) founded the State until the end of the Islamic State, this method never changed. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) prepared the army soon after founding the Islamic State. He (pbuh) initiated Jihad in order to remove the material obstacles that stood in the way of the Islamic Da’wah. The Quraysh was that material obstacle, so he (pbuh) decided to remove it. Then he (pbuh) went on to destroy the Quraysh’s existence, the very existence that stood in the way of the Islamic Da’wah. He (pbuh) also removed and destroyed other obstacles until Islam engulfed the whole of the Arabian Peninsula. Then the Islamic State began knocking on the doors of other nations to spread Islam among them. It found that the existing ruling systems formed a material obstacle in the face of the Da’wah, thus they had to be removed in order to reach the people themselves and invite them to Islam so that they could visualize and feel the justice of Islam, observe the prosperity and decent living under its banner, and invite the people to a better life without compulsion or coercion. Jihad continued as a method of spreading Islam, and by the means of Jihad many countries were conquered. By means of Jihad, kingdoms and states were removed and Islam ruled the same people and nations. Islam was spread and was embraced by hundreds of millions of people after they had been ruled by it. The method used in implementing that foreign policy was Jihad. It has never changed and never will. .

圣战是一种包含战斗的伊斯兰召唤，或是以金钱、见解或著述支持战斗的行为。它是一项义务，已在《古兰经》和圣训中得到确认。穆斯林在向敌人发起战斗之前，从未先行提出两件事：第一，邀请其信仰伊斯兰；第二，征收吉兹亚（人头税）。关于圣战的天启律例是：若敌人被围困，则应邀请其皈依伊斯兰；若其接受，便成为伊斯兰乌玛的一员，与之作战即被禁止。若其拒绝伊斯兰，则应要求其缴纳吉兹亚；若其缴纳，则其生命和财产将得到保障，其国土将并入伊斯兰国家。他们将享有穆斯林所享有的公正、平等、保护、监护和福利，其一切基本需求也将得到保障。此外，他们还须向国家和政权宣誓效忠。若其既拒绝伊斯兰，又拒绝缴纳吉兹亚，则战斗便是合法的。

Jihad is the call to Islam which involves fighting, or the contribution of either money, opinions, or literature towards the fighting. It is an obligation, confirmed in the Qur’an and the Hadeeth. The Muslims never started the fight against an enemy before firstly proposing Islam or secondly the Jizyah. The Divine rule concerning Jihad is that if the enemy was surrounded they would be invited to embrace Islam and if they accepted then they would become a part of the Islamic Ummah and fighting them would be forbidden. If they refused Islam, then they would be asked to pay the Jizyah and if they paid it, their lives and assets would be safe and their country would become part of the Islamic State. They would enjoy the justice, equity, protection, guardianship and welfare enjoyed by the Muslims, and all their basic needs would be secured. Additionally, they would have to pledge allegiance to the State and the regime. If they rejected Islam and refused to pay the Jizyah then the fighting would be lawful. .

因此,在伊斯兰的召唤传达给民众之前,对敌人作战是不合法的。学者们强调,对于未曾接受伊斯兰召唤的人发动战争,对我们来说是不合法的。因此,在任何战斗之前,应当先有关于伊斯兰的公众舆论,传播伊斯兰的真实形象,并设法让伊斯兰的律法传到民众之中,使他们认识到伊斯兰为他们提供了真正的救赎。伊斯兰国应当开展政治工作,例如清楚地展现伊斯兰的面貌并阐释其理念,进行宣传和推广伊斯兰。这些举措应包括展示实力,呈现伊斯兰国的威力,以及穆斯林的勇气与决心。先知穆罕默德ﷺ曾采取过这类举措。他ﷺ会派遣使者前往不信者国家的腹地。有一次,他ﷺ派遣四十人前往奈季德的人民那里,传达伊斯兰的讯息。他ﷺ还在前往塔布克之前,在麦地那展示了军队的威力。正因如此,安拉的使者ﷺ说:"我借着敌人心中的恐惧获得了胜利,恐惧的距离相隔一个月的行程。"

Therefore, fighting the enemy would not become lawful until the call to Islam had been delivered to the people. The scholars have stressed that it is unlawful for us to fight those who have not received the Islamic call. Thus, public opinion about Islam, and the conveyance of a true image of Islam, together with attempts to allow the Islamic laws to reach the people in order to enable them to realize that Islam offers them a true salvation should precede any fighting. The Islamic State should undertake political work such as giving a clear picture of Islam and explaining its concepts, campaigning and advertising Islam. Such moves should include muscle flexing and displaying the might of the Islamic State, including the courage and resolve of the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) would perform such maneuvers. He (pbuh) would send envoys to the heart of the disbelieving countries. On one occasion he (pbuh) sent forty men to the people of Najd to convey the Message of Islam. He (pbuh) also displayed the might of the army in Madinah before he went to Tabuk. This was why the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “I was given the victory through the fear in the enemy, of a month’s marching distance.”.

穆斯林军队向来令人畏惧，也受人尊敬。几个世纪以来，欧洲一直认为穆斯林军队永远不可能被击败。然而，政治策略至关重要，尤其是那些有助于传播伊斯兰理念、在诉诸武装斗争之前展示国家实力的策略。尽管圣战是传播伊斯兰教中始终不变的固定方式，但政治策略和其他有意识的举措都属于准备工作，在真正的战斗之前不可或缺。这是一项重要事务，旨在确定国家与其他国家、民族和人民之间的关系，无论这种关系是经济往来、睦邻友好，还是其他有助于传播伊斯兰教的基础。

. The Muslim army has always been feared and respected. For centuries, Europe always held that the Muslim army could never be defeated. However, political maneuvers are essential, especially those which help to spread the Islamic concepts and demonstrate the power of the State before resorting to armed struggle. Although Jihad is the fixed method that never changes in the spreading of Islam, the political maneuvers and other deliberate moves are all part of preparation, and is essential prior to actual combat. It is an important matter designed at determining the relationship of the State with other states, people and nations, whether these were economic or based on good neighborly relations or any other basis that may help to spread Islam. .

因此,国家与其他国家关系所依据的政治理念,是在它们之中传播伊斯兰并向它们传达使命。所应遵循的方法是圣战。然而,国家会发起或采纳几种方式和计划。例如,它可能与某些敌人签订睦邻条约,同时与另一些敌人作战。自从先知ﷺ抵达麦地那以来,先知ﷺ便认可了这类措施。国家可以同时向所有敌人宣战。艾布·伯克尔在同时派遣军队前往伊拉克和沙姆时便是如此做的。国家也可以同意临时停战,以便为期望的结果营造舆论。

Therefore, the political idea on which the State’s relationship with other states is based on is the spreading of Islam among them and the carrying of the Message to them. The method that should be followed is Jihad. However, there are several ways and plans which the State initiates or adopts. It would for instance sign a good neighborly treaty with some enemies and fight others. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) approved such measures ever since he (pbuh) arrived in Madinah. The State could declare war against all its enemies simultaneously. Abu Bakr did so when he sent the armies to Iraq and al-Sham at the same time. The State could agree to temporary truces, enabling it to create public opinion for a desired outcome. .

这正是安拉的使者ﷺ在签订侯代比亚和约时所做的。国家也可以借助局部的小规模交战作为恐吓敌人的手段。在白德尔战役之前，安拉的使者ﷺ派出数支远征队，便是这样的例子；而在倭马亚王朝掌权时，他们也对罗马人采用了同样的策略，包括夏季和冬季的远征。

That is what the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did when he (pbuh) signed the treaty of al-Hudaybiyah. The State could also resort to local skirmishes as a means of terrorizing the enemy. This was the case when the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent several expeditions out prior to the Battle of Badr, and when the Ummayads were in power they used the same tactics against the Romans, including summer and winter campaigns. .

国家还可以与某些国家签订经济条约，同时与其他国家不建立贸易关系，并考虑到伊斯兰宣教（Da'wah）的利益。它可以与一些国家建立外交关系，而不与另一些国家建立。这将依据一项精心设计的计划，以使宣教朝着有利的方向发展。国家还可以诉诸宣传和广告来传播宣教，或者采用揭露敌人阴谋和冷战策略的方法。

The State could also sign economic treaties with some countries, while at the same time not have trade relations with others, taking into account the interest of the Da’wah for Islam. It could have diplomatic relations with some countries and not with others. This would be according to a carefully designed plan to take the Da’wah in a favorable direction. The State could resort to propaganda and advertising in order to spread the Da’wah, or it could use the method of divulging the enemies schemes and cold war tactics.

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国家的规划应当与所要开展的工作性质相符,并以有利于伊斯兰宣教(Da'wah)为目标。这些规划始终有助于伊斯兰的传播,并使圣战(Jihad)的任务更为便利,因此在执行对外政策时是必要的。关于伊斯兰和伊斯兰国的公众舆论,历来对于按照其固定方式传播伊斯兰是必不可少的,而这一固定方式就是安拉之道上的圣战。

The State’s planning would be in accordance with the nature of the work to be undertaken and geared towards the benefit of the Islamic Da’wah. These plans have always helped the spreading of Islam and eased the task of Jihad, therefore they are necessary in implementing the foreign policy. Public opinion about Islam and the Islamic State has always been necessary to spread Islam by its fixed method, which is Jihad in the way of Allah.