27 Yakin Hunayn - Khalifanci a Musulunci | Quran Course

27 Yakin Hunayn - Khalifanci a Musulunci | Quran Course

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27 Yakin Hunayn

27 The Battle of Hunayn

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani4 min readViewed 123 times

Sa'ad da kabilar Hawazin suka ji yadda Musulmai suka 'yantar da Makkah, sun ji tsoro cewa za a kai musu hari, kuma Musulmai za su mamaye unguwanninsu. Saboda haka, suka fara shirye-shiryen yaƙi don su kare kansu daga barazanar Musulmai. Malik ɗan 'Auf al-Nadari ya tara Hawazin da Thaqif tare, ya yi tafiya da su har suka isa kwarin Autas.

When the tribe of Hawazin heard how the Muslims had liberated Makkah, they feared that they might be raided and their quarters stormed by the Muslims. Therefore, they set about countering the Muslim threat by preparing themselves for battle. Malik ibn ‘Auf al-Nadri assembled Hawazin and Thaqif together and marched with them until they reached the valley of Autas.

Wararen game da rundunonin Hawazin da Thaqif da ke tafe sun isa ga Musulmai kwanaki goma sha biyar bayan fathar Makka, sai suka shirya domin haduwa da su. Malik bai sauka a kwarin Autas ba. Maimakon haka, ya kai sojojinsa zuwa tuddan Hunayn, a wurin da ba a iya kaiwa cikin sauki na kwarin, inda ya shirya su sosai a wurare masu dabara. Ya umarci mutanensa su kai hari ga Musulmai da zarar sun shiga kwarin, domin su jefa rudani a tsakaninsu wanda zai sa su watse daga layinsu. An tsara shirin sosai, yayin da yake jira a wurin zuwan Musulmai.

The news of the impending armies of Hawazin and Thaqif reached the Muslims fifteen days after the conquest of Makkah and they prepared themselves to meet them. Malik did not encamp in the valley of Autas. Instead, he moved his troops up into the hills of Hunayn in the most inaccessible part of the valley, where he organized them carefully in strategic positions. He instructed his men to attack the Muslims, once they had entered the valley so as to cause confusion among them which would lead to them breaking ranks. The plan was carefully worked out, while he waited there for the arrival of the Muslims.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki sai Musulmi suka bayyana. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya tafi yaƙi tare da Makkawa dubu biyu da wasu mutum dubu goma daga cikin rundunar da ta shiga Makkah. Wannan runduna mai ƙarfi ta nufi filin yaƙi, ta isa Hunayn da yamma, inda suka huta har kusan lokacin wayewar gari. Sa'an nan suka ci gaba zuwa cikin kwari a lokacin alfijir. Manzon Allah ﷺ yana hawan farin alkyabbarsa a bayan rundunar yayin da suke shiga kwarin, sai sojojin abokan gaba suka kai hari, bisa umarnin kwamandansu. Suka yi ruwan mashi a kan Musulmi, kuma a cikin duhun, Musulmi suka ruɗe saboda harin ba zato ba tsammani. Yayin da mashi ke fadowa a kansu daga kowane bangare, Musulmi suka watse suka gudu cikin firgici, ba wanda ya kula da wani. Suka wuce Manzon Allah ﷺ ba tare da tsayawa ba, suka ci gaba da gudu gaba ɗaya. Sai al-'Abbas da Manzon Allah ﷺ ne kawai suka rage a filin yaƙi. Sauran rundunar kuwa, kamar an riga an ci su, suna gudu don tsira da rayukansu. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya tsaya a inda yake, kewaye da ƙaramin rukunin Ansar, Muhajirai da iyalansa, ya kira mutane, yana cewa: "Ina za ku je, ya ku mutane?" Amma mutane ba su iya jin kiransa ba, sai suka ci gaba da gudu ba tare da juyowa ba, suna tsoron mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Hawazin da Thaqif suka bi su, suka kashe su duk inda suka same su.

After a few days the Muslims appeared. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had marched with two thousand Makkans and another ten thousand men from the army which had entered Makkah. This formidable force marched towards the battlefield and reached Hunayn in the evening, where they rested until just before dawn. Then they moved on into the valley during the twilight. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was riding his white mule at the rear of the army as they entered the valley when the enemy squadrons attacked, following the order of his commander. They showered the Muslims with spears, and amidst the darkness the Muslims were stunned by the sudden surprise attack. As the spears hit them from every direction, the Muslims broke and fled in terror, none heeding the other. They passed by the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) without stopping and continued running en masse. Only al-‘Abbas and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) were left on the battlefield. As for the rest of the army, they were as good as defeated and fleeing for their lives. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) stood where he was, surrounded by a small group of the Ansar, Muhajireen and his family, and he called to the people, “Where are you going O people?” But the people were unable to hear his call, they just continued running without turning back fearing death all the while. Hawazin and Thaqif chased them and killed them wherever they reached them.

Manzon Allah ﷺ ya bar ganima da fursunoni a al-Ji'ranah, ya kuma kewaye Ta'if, inda Malik ibn 'Auf ya nemi mafaka bayan shan kashinsa. Ta'if na kabilar Thaqif ne. An gina ta kamar katanga, kuma mutanenta ƙwararru ne a fannin yakin kewaye. Haka kuma sun kasance masu arziki sosai, suna da kayan abinci masu yawa. Thaqif ƙwararrun masu harbin kibiya ne, sun kuma harbi wata ƙungiyar Musulmi da kibiyoyi suka kashe su, lokacin da suka yi yunkurin kutsawa cikin birnin. Musulmi sun sami wahala sosai wajen hawa katangar, sai suka sauka a wajen zangon harbi, suna jiran ganin abin da Manzon Allah ﷺ zai yi. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya nemi taimakon Banu Daus don su kai wa Ta'if hari da majifa, sai suka iso kwanaki huɗu bayan fara kewayen da makamansu. Yanzu Musulmi suka kai hari da majifa, suka kuma aika da tankuna su yi tafiyar a hankali har su kai ga katangar birnin, don su ƙone katangar Ta'if. Amma yayin da suka matso, sai aka zuba musu guntuwar ƙarfe masu zafi, wanda ya ƙone tankunan, hakan ya sa ma'aikatan Musulmi da ke cikinsu suka gudu. Thaqif sun yi amfani da damar wajen zuba kibiyoyi a kan Musulmin da ke janyewa, suka kashe da yawa daga cikinsu. Musulmi sun kasa kutsawa Ta'if kai tsaye, sai suka koma yankewa da ƙona gonakin inabi don tilasta wa Thaqif mika wuya. Thaqif ba su yi hakan ba, a ƙarshe lokacin Musulmin da ke kewaye ya ƙare.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) left the spoils and the prisoners in al-Ji’ranah and besieged Ta’if where Malik ibn ‘Auf had gained sanctuary after his defeat. Ta’if belonged to the tribe of Thaqif. It was built like a fortress and its people were experts in the art of siege warfare. They were also extremely wealthy and had plenty of provisions. Thaqif were experts at archery and they showered a group of Muslims, as they attempted to advance on the city, killing them. It proved very difficult for the Muslims to storm the fort and they instead camped out of shooting range waiting to see what the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) would do. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sought the help of Banu Daus to bombard Ta’if with the catapult and they arrived four days after the siege had begun with their armaments. Now the Muslims attacked with the catapult and they sent out tanks to creep forward and make contact with the city walls in an attempt to burn down the wall of Ta’if. As they approached, however, they were showered with hot pieces of metal which burnt the tanks forcing the Muslim operators inside to flee. Thaqif seized the opportunity to shower the retreating Muslims with arrows, killing many of them. The Muslims failed to storm Ta’if directly so they resorted to cutting down and burning the vineyards in an attempt to force Thaqif to surrender. This Thaqif did not do and time finally ran out for the Muslim besiegers.

在最后，人们担心，如果Allah的使者（ﷺ）继续把战利品分给从Hawazin来到他那里的人，他们自己的那份战利品就会减少。他们要求把战利品分开，好让每个人都能得到自己的那份。他们在彼此之间对这些让步议论纷纷，他们的议论传到了Allah的使者（ﷺ）耳中。他（ﷺ）当众从附近一头骆驼的驼峰上拔下一根毛，把它举在指间，说：“hey mutane! Ina rantsuwa da Allah (SWT), babu abin da kuke da shi na ganima sai ɗaya bisa biyar, har ma da wannan gashin, kuma ɗaya bisa biyar ɗin zan mayar muku da shi. Saboda haka, duk wanda ya ɗauki wani abu da ƙarya, ko da allura ce, zai zama abin kunya da wuta da wulakanci gare shi da iyalinsa a Ranar Tashin Alƙiyama.” Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ɗauki ɗaya bisa biyar na rabon don kansa, ya raba sauran a tsakanin sahabbansa. Daga rabonsa ya ba waɗanda za a yi wa zuciya lallashi, waɗanda a baya suka kasance abokan gābansa mafi tsanani. Ya ba Abu Sufyan, da ɗansa Mu’awiyah, da al-Harith ɗan al-Harith, da al-Harith ɗan Hisham, da Suhayl ɗan ‘Amr, da Huwaytib ɗan ‘Abd al-‘Uzza, da shugabannin kabilu, raƙumi ɗari ɗari kowannensu,ban da rabonsu na ganima. Ya ba wasu,ban da rabonsu, raƙumi hamsin hamsin kowannensu.

Eventually, the people feared that their share of the spoils would diminish if Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) continued to give out the spoils to whoever came to him from Hawazin. They asked that the spoils be divided so that each could get his share. They murmured amongst themselves about these concessions and their murmuring reached the ears of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). He (pbuh) publicly removed a hair from the hump of a nearby camel and holding it aloft in his fingers said, “O People! By Allah (swt) have nothing but a fifth of your booty even to this hair, and the fifth I will return to you; so whoever took anything in dishonesty, even a needle, it will be a shame and a flame and an utter ignominy on him and his family on the Day of Resurrection.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) took a fifth of the share for himself and split the rest among his Sahabah. From his share he (pbuh) gave to those whose hearts were to be won over, those in the past who had been his arch enemies. He (pbuh) gave Abu Sufyan, his son Mu’awiyah, al-Harith ibn al-Harith, al-Harith ibn al-Hisham, Suhayl ibn ‘Amr, Huwaytib ibn ‘Abd al-‘Uzza and the leaders of the tribes one hundred camels each on top of their share of the booty. He (pbuh) gave others, in addition to their share, fifty camels each.

A wajen rarraba ganima, Manzon Allah (pbuh) ya nuna karimci da gafara mai yawa. Haka kuma ya nuna hikima mai girma da fahimtar siyasa. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin Musulmai ba su fahimci dalilan wadannan matakai ba. Ansar, wadanda ba a ba su komai daga cikin ganima ba, suka fara raɗa a tsakaninsu game da wadannan ayyukan Manzon Allah (pbuh). Abin takaici, sun dauki lamarin a zuciya. Daya daga cikinsu ya taƙaita ra'ayin sauran da kalmomi cewa, "Na rantse da Allah, Manzon Allah ya hadu da mutanensa." Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah ya je wajen Manzon Allah (pbuh) ya gaya masa abin da ya faru. Ya (pbuh) ya tambaya, "Ina ka tsaya a wannan al'amari, Sa'd?" Sa'd ya amsa, "Ina tsaye tare da mutanena." Manzon Allah (pbuh) ya ce masa, "To, ka tara mutanenka zuwa wannan shinge." Lokacin da duk wadanda abin ya shafa suka taru, Manzon Allah (pbuh) ya yi masu magana cewa, "Me ne wannan da na ji daga gare ku? Shin kuna zaton mummuna a zukatanku game da ni? Ba ni ne na zo muku ba lokacin da kuke batattu, Allah kuma ya shiryar da ku? Matalauta, Allah kuma ya sa ku masu wadata? Makiya, Allah kuma ya sassauta zukatanku?" Suka amsa, "Eh lallai, Allah da Manzonsa ne mafi alheri da karimci." Ya (pbuh) ya ci gaba da cewa, "Me ya sa ba ku amsa mini ba, ya ku mutanen Ansar?" Suka ce, "Ta yaya za mu amsa maka, ya Manzon Allah? Alheri da karimci na Allah da Manzonsa ne." Ya (pbuh) ya ce, "Da ku ma kun so, na rantse da Allah, da kun iya cewa - kuma da gaskiya kuka fadi, kuma da an gaskata ku - cewa, 'Ka zo mana ka na wulakanta, mun gaskata ka; ka bar mu ka kuma, mun taimake ka; kai mai gudu ne, mun karbe ka; kai matalauci ne, mun ta'azantar da kai.' Shin kuna cikin damuwa saboda abubuwan alheri na wannan rayuwa wadanda ta haka nake jawo wata kabila su zama Musulmai, alhali kuwa ku na danƙa ku ga Musulunci naku? Ba ku gamsu ba cewa mutane su tafi da shanu da raguna, ku kuma ku koma tare da Manzon Allah?" Ina rantsuwa da wanda raina yake a hannunsa, Muhammadu ﷺ, da ba don hijira ba, da ni ma zan kasance daga cikin Ansar. Idan mutane duka sun bi hanya guda, Ansar kuma wata hanya, zan bi hanyar Ansar. Ya Allah, ka aika rahamarka ga Ansar, da 'ya'yansu, da jikokinsu.” Mutane suka yi kuka har hawaye ya gangaro ta gemunsu, suka ce, “Mun yarda da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya zama rabonmu da gadonmu.”

In distributing the booty, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) showed a great deal of generosity and forgiveness. He (pbuh) also exhibited supreme shrewdness and political awareness. However, some of the Muslims did not realize the motives behind these maneuvers. The Ansar, who had been given nothing from the spoils, began to whisper among themselves about these actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Unfortunately, they took the matter to the heart. One of them summed up the collective feelings of the others with the words, “By Allah, the Messenger of Allah has met his own people.” Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah went to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and told him what had happened. He (pbuh) asked, “Where do you stand in this matter Sa’d ?” In reply Sa’d said, “I stand with my people.” Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) said to him, “Then gather your people to this enclosure.” When all concerned were assembled the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) addressed them so, “What is this I hear of you? Do you think ill of me in your hearts? Did I not come to you when you were erring and Allah guided you? Poor and Allah made you rich? Enemies and Allah softened your hearts?” They answered, “Yes indeed, Allah and His Messenger are most kind and generous.” He (pbuh) continued, “Why don’t you answer me O people of Ansar?” They said, “How shall we answer you O Messenger of Allah? Kindness and generosity belong to Allah and His Messenger.” He (pbuh) said, “Had you by Allah so wished you could have said - and you would have spoken the truth and have been believed - you came to us discredited and we believed you; deserted and we helped you; a fugitive and we took you in; poor and we comforted you. Are you disturbed in mind because of the good things of this life by which I win over a people that they may become Muslims while I entrust you to your Islam? Are you not satisfied that men should take away flocks and herds while you take back with you the Messenger of Allah? By him in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, but for the migration, I should be one of the Ansar myself. If all men went one way and the Ansar another I should take the way of the Ansar, O Allah, send Your mercy on the Ansar, their sons and their sons’ sons.” The people wept until the tears ran down their beards and they said, “We are satisfied with the Messenger of Allah as our lot and portion.”.