5.5. 包括的な用語として
5.5. As a Comprehensive Term
前の例では、この語はイスラーム以前のアラブ人が用いた四つの異なる意味のおおむねいずれかで使われていました。残るのは、この語が生き方全体を指す用例をいくつか挙げることです。そこでは人が、究極の権威を有すると見なす存在に対して服従と従順を捧げ、その存在が定めた限界、法、規則に従って自らの行動を律し、忠実な奉仕に対する承認、栄誉、報酬をその存在に求め、自らの不足によって生じうる不名誉や罰を恐れます。この要素のすべてを包括的に含む語は、ムスリム以外の、いかなる国や民族の用語にもおそらくないでしょう。現代で用いられる「国家」という語は、ある程度この意味に近いものの、それでも、「デーン」という語と同等の地位に並べうるほどの、はるかに広い含意は欠けています。コーランにおいて、deenがこの包括的な意味で用いられている例は次のとおりです。
In the examples given above, the word has been used more or less in the four different senses in which the Arabs employed it before the advent of Islam. It remains to give a few examples of its use to mean a whole way of life in which a person gives his submission and obedience to someone whom he regards as having the ultimate authority, shapes his conduct according to the bounds and laws and rules prescribed by that being, looks to him for recognition honour, and reward for loyal service, and fears the disgrace or punishment that could follow any lack on his part. There is perhaps no word in the terminology of any country or people - other than Muslims - which would comprehensively embrace all these factors. The word ‘state’ as employed in our own day does, to some extent, approximate to the sense, but even this word lacks the far wider connotation which would bring it on a par with the word Deen. Examples of the Qur'ānic use of deen in this comprehensive sense are as follows: