Mustafa Kemal tidak melakukan sebarang kegiatan lain selain menyebarkan pemikirannya dan mengumpulkan penyokong sehingga Mei 1919, ketika gilirannya tiba dan pihak Sekutu mula bekerja dengan gaya yang berbeza untuk mencapai matlamat mereka, iaitu memisahkan Turki daripada bahagian-bahagian lain Negara Uthmaniyah, memusnahkan Khilafah dan menubuhkan sebuah republik Turki.

Mustafa Kemal refrained from undertaking any other activity apart from spreading his thoughts and gathering supporters until May 1919, when his turn came and the allies started working in a different style to achieve their objective, i.e that of separating Turkey from the other parts of the Ottoman State, destroying the Khilafah and establishing a Turkish republic.

Ini berlaku sebaik sahaja usaha mereka untuk mencetuskan krisis politik dan meletakkan ejen-ejen mereka berkuasa melalui cara yang sah dan sah di sisi undang-undang telah gagal. Tindakan mereka bersifat politik, antarabangsa dan revolusioner. Yang mendorong mereka ialah kegigihan Itali untuk merampas Cilicia sebagai sebahagian daripada rampasannya. Oleh itu, Britain menyedari bahawa selagi ia tidak beroperasi dari dalam Turki sendiri terhadap pihak Berikat, ia tidak akan dapat melaksanakan rancangannya di Turki dan mengusir lawan-lawannya, Perancis dan Itali, dari kedudukan strategik Turki. Setelah Itali menduduki bandar Antalia dan kawasan ladang sekitarnya pada April 1919, dan setelah ia menduduki Fayum, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada Yugoslavia, ia cuba menduduki Izmir bagi pihak Berikat.

This took place once their endeavours to cause a political crisis and place their agents in power through legitimate and legal means had failed. Their actions were political, international and revolutionary. What prompted them was Italy’s persistence to seize Cilicia as part of her spoils. Hence, Britain realised that as long as she does not operate from within Turkey proper against the allies, she would not be able to execute her plan in Turkey and chase her opponents, France and Italy, from Turkey’s strategic positions. Once Italy had occupied the city of Antalia and the surrounding estates in April 1919, and once she had occupied Fayum, which was part of Yugoslavia, she attempted to occupy Izmir on behalf of the Allies.

Britain dan Perancis menentang langkahnya itu dan memutuskan untuk berhadapan dengannya serta menghalangnya daripada menduduki Izmir atau pesisir barat Anatolia.

Britain and France opposed her move and decided to confront her and prevent her from occupying Izmir or the western coastline of Anatolia.

Kemudian mereka mula membantah pendudukan Antalia oleh Itali, dengan alasan bahawa ia akan memberinya kawalan ke atas bahagian timur Laut Mediterranean. Perjanjian yang telah ditandatangani antara Britain, Perancis, Itali dan Rusia, yang mengesahkan pendudukan Izmir dan pantai barat oleh Itali, dianggap batal dan tidak sah kerana Rusia telah menarik diri daripada perang dan tidak pernah menandatanganinya. Mereka kemudian merangka rancangan untuk Greece menduduki Izmir.

Then they started objecting to her occupation of Antalia arguing that this would give her control over the eastern side of the Mediterranean. The treaty that had been signed between Britain, France, Italy and Russia, endorsing Italy’s occupation of Izmir and the western coastline, was considered null and void because Russia had withdrawn form the war and never signed it. They then laid their plan for Greece to occupy Izmir.

Mereka mula melaksanakan rancangan ini di satu pihak. Di pihak lain, Britain serentak mendakwa bahawa kekacauan telah tercetus di Anatolia, di dalam Asia Kecil, dan bahawa rompakan, penjarahan serta perampasan telah merebak luas dan semakin meningkat dengan membimbangkan. Britain turut mendakwa bahawa pasukan keselamatan telah merayau-rayau di seluruh negeri tanpa tujuan, sambil menekankan bahawa undang-undang dan ketenteraman mesti dipatuhi serta pendekatan yang keras diperlukan untuk menangani mereka yang melanggar keselamatan. Oleh itu, Britain menuntut daripada kerajaan di Istanbul agar menghantar seorang tokoh yang tegas ke wilayah-wilayah timur dan memberikan kepadanya tugas memulihkan undang-undang dan ketenteraman serta mengembalikan kuasa kerajaan.

They set about executing this plan on the one hand. On the other hand, Britain simultaneously claimed that disturbances had broken out in Anatolia, inside Asia Minor, and that robberies, looting and pillaging had become widespread and that it was on an alarming increase. She claimed also that the security forces had been roaming the country aimlessly, streesing that law and order must be observed and that a heavy handed approach was required to deal with those who breached security. Hence, Britain demanded from the government in Istanbul to send a strong man to the eastern provinces and assign to him the task of restoring law and order and re-establishing the government’s authority.

Dia juga secara tidak rasmi mengesyorkan Mustafa Kemal untuk memegang peranan ini.

She also unofficially recommended Mustafa Kemal to assume this role.

Kementerian perang telah dihubungi berkenaan isu ini dan Jawad Pasha, Penasihat Kanan di kementerian perang, meluluskannya. Beliau tidak mengetahui apa-apa tentang Mustafa Kemal, tetapi menteri perang curiga terhadap niat Kemal kerana beliau mengetahui tentang rancangannya. Walau bagaimanapun, beliau segera bersetuju dan memaklumkan perkara itu kepada Mustafa Kemal, yang menjawab bahawa bagi menjalankan siasatan dengan segera dan melaksanakan langkah-langkah yang sewajarnya ketika kekacauan sedang berleluasa di wilayah timur, perkara ini tidak dapat tidak memerlukan beliau diberikan kuasa yang luas dan keputusannya bersifat mengikat. Kementerian bersetuju dengan semua tuntutannya.

The war ministry was approached pertaining this issue and Jawad Pasha, the Senior Adviser at the war ministry, approved. He knew nothing of Mustafa Kemal, but the war minister was suspicious of Kemal’s intentions, for he was aware of his plans. Nevertheless, he immediately agreed and broke the news to Mustafa Kemal, who replied that for a speedy investigation to be carried out and for the appropriate measures to be executed while unrest was rampant in the eastern provinces, this would inevitably require that he be given wide powers and for his decisions to be binding. The ministry agreed to all his demands.

Mustafa Kemal telah diam dan tenang sehingga ketika itu. Tiada seorang pun tahu bahawa beliau menyimpan perasaan bermusuhan terhadap Sultan dan kerajaan, kerana beliau biasa mengumpulkan para penyokongnya dalam kerahsiaan yang sepenuhnya. Keghairahannya untuk memperoleh kuasa mandatori yang luas mendorongnya menolak arahan yang pada mulanya diserahkan kepadanya. Beliau meneliti semula arahan tersebut dan menulisnya semula dalam format yang direka untuk mencapai matlamat yang dihajatinya. Selepas meneliti arahan itu, beliau kemudian mengemukakan format buatannya sendiri kepada Perdana Menteri, yang menandatanganinya tanpa memeriksanya. Beliau kemudian membawanya kepada Menteri Perang, yang pada mulanya teragak-agak tetapi akhirnya menandatanganinya. Salinan dihantar kepada Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British, kepada Harrington, Panglima Besar tentera bersekutu, dan kepada semua pegawai tentera bersekutu.

Mustafa Kemal had been up until then silent and calm. No one knew that he harboured feelings of hostility towards the Sultan and the government, for he used to gather supporters in total secrecy. His eagerness to acquire wide mandatory powers led him to reject the instructions handed to him at first. He reviewed them and wrote them anew in a format designed to achieve the goal he was aiming for. Having reviewed the instructions, he then presented his own format to the Prime Minister who signed it without checking them. He then took them to the war minister who at first hesitated and then signed. Copies were dispatched to the British High Commissioner, to Harrington, the General Commander of the allied forces, and to all the officers of the allied forces.

Yang patut disebutkan ialah bahawa Britain sahaja adalah satu-satunya negara yang menunjukkan keprihatinan dan keinginan yang berlebihan untuk memadamkan kekacauan tersebut. Adapun Perancis, beliau tidak pernah menjangka meletusnya sebarang kekacauan yang membimbangkan di empayar yang telah dikalahkan ini, oleh itu beliau tidak memberi perhatian kepadanya.

What is worth mentioning is that Britain alone was the only country to show excessive concern and desire to quell the unrest. As for France, she never expected the breakout of any alarming disturbances in this vanquished empire, hence she did not pay them any attention.

Namun begitu, setelah Mustafa Kemal menerima arahannya, dan setelah ia memperoleh semua kuasa wajib yang diinginkannya, ia belayar menuju Anatolia dan meninggalkan Istanbul pada 15 Mei dengan menaiki kapal kecil Anipoli, dengan harapan dapat tiba di Samsun melalui Laut Hitam.

Nevertheless, once Mustafa Kemal was given his instructions, and once he had secured all the mandatory powers he had wanted, he set sail for Anatolia and left Istanbul on 15th May aboard the small ship Anipoli, hoping to reach Samsun via the Black Sea.

Sementara itu, pada minggu kedua bulan April 1919, kerajaan Uthmaniyyah telah dimaklumkan bahawa menurut artikel ketujuh yang berkaitan dengan syarat-syarat gencatan senjata, pihak Berikat hampir melaksanakan pendudukan mereka ke atas Izmir, dan menurut artikel ini, mereka berhak untuk melaksanakannya apabila kepentingan mereka terancam. Oleh itu, Perdana Menteri Damad Farid Pasha memberikan arahannya kepada Wali Izmir. Beliau menekankan keperluan untuk memastikan tentera kekal di dalam barak mereka dan memaksanya untuk melarang dengan kekerasan apa-apa demonstrasi yang mungkin diadakan oleh penduduk tempatan.

Meanwhile, in the second week of April 1919, the Ottoman government was briefed that according to the seventh article pertaining to the terms of the truce, the allies were about to carry out their occupation of Izmir, and that according to this article, they reserved the right to execute this whenever their interests were threatened. Therefore, the Prime Minister Damad Farid Pasha gave his instructions to the Wali of Izmir. He emphasised the need to keep the armies inside their barracks and forced him to ban by force any demonstration which the locals may hold.

Pada 14 Mei 1919, armada British kelihatan berhampiran pantai Izmir. Komander armada, Laksamana Colthorpe, memberitahu Wali supaya bersedia untuk pasukan bersekutu yang akan mendarat. Kemudian dia memanggil Wali untuk bertemu dengannya. Apabila Wali tiba, dia berkata kepadanya: Saya baru sahaja mendengar bahawa orang Greeklah yang akan mendarat dan menduduki Izmir. Wali itu terkejut dan memandang Laksamana dengan tidak percaya. Dia tidak dapat menahan air matanya, lalu air matanya mengalir dengan lebat, dan dengan suara tersekat dan nada yang menzahirkan kehinaan serta kekecewaan, dia berkata: Orang Greek! Orang Greek telah datang untuk menduduki Izmir? Laksamana menjawab: Ini adalah arahan yang saya terima dari Paris. Wali berkata: Saya tidak bertanggungjawab dan saya tidak dapat meramalkan apa yang akan berlaku. Komander itu berkata kepadanya: Mustahil bagi selain orang Greek untuk menduduki Izmir. Adakah anda faham? Atas itu Wali berkata kepadanya: Saya hanya memerlukan tiga ratus orang askar anda untuk menenangkan orang Islam dan membuktikan kepada mereka bahawa pendudukan itu dijalankan oleh pihak bersekutu dan bukan orang Greek, dan bahawa pendudukan ini bersifat sementara dan bukannya kekal. Komander menjawab: Mustahil. Lalu dia menamatkan perbualan itu.

On 14th May 1919, the British fleet was seen inshore around Izmir. The commander of the fleet, Admiral Colthorpe, told the Wali to be ready for the allied forces who were about to disembark. Then he summoned the Wali to meet him. When he arrived he said to him : “I have just heard that it will be the Greeks who will be disembarking and occupying Izmir.” The Wali was devastated and looked at the Admiral in disbelief. He could not hold back the tears, so they started flowing profusely and he said with a lump in his throat and in a voice expressing humiliation and dejection : “The Greeks! The Greeks have come to occupy Izmir?” The Admiral replied : “These are the orders I received from Paris.” The Wali said : “I am not responsible and I cannot predict what will happen.” The commander said to him : “It is impossible for other than the Greeks to occupy Izmir. Do you understand?” Upon this the Wali said to him : “I only need three hundred of your soldiers to reassure the Muslims and to prove to them that the occupation is carried out by the allies and not the Greeks, and that this occupation is temporary rather than permanent.” The Commander replied : “Impossible.” Then he ended the conversation.

Akibat telegram ini, Wali Sinop dipecat dari jawatannya, dan telegram-telegram dipertukarkan antara Perdana Menteri, yang bertindak bagi pihak Sultan, dan Mustafa Kemal. Sultan bertegas agar Mustafa Kemal kembali dengan segera. Namun, Mustafa Kemal enggan dan menghantar telegram yang berbunyi: Saya akan kekal di Anatolia sehingga kemerdekaan negara tercapai. Penolakan terang-terangan ini merupakan langkah pertama ke arah pemberontakan; beliau terus mengumpulkan rakyat dan mengembara di seluruh Anatolia sehingga pemberontakan itu tercetus.

As a result of this telegram, the Wali of Sinop was dismissed from his post and telegrams were exchanged between the Prime Minister, acting on behalf of the Sultan, and Mustafa Kemal, with the Sultan insisting that Mustafa Kemal should return immediately. However, Mustafa Kemal refused and sent a telegram in which he said : “I shall remain in Anatolia until the country’s independence is achieved.” This flagrant refusal was the first step towards the rebellion; and he went on gathering people and roaming about Anatolia until he had flared up the rebellion.

Begitulah cara Mustafa Kemal memulakan pemberontakannya, yang akhirnya membawa kepada pemansuhan Khilafah dan pemisahan Turki daripada bahagian-bahagian lain Negara Uthmaniyyah, atau menurut orang Barat, kehancuran Empayar Uthmaniyyah. Daripada peristiwa-peristiwa ini sahaja, seseorang boleh menyimpulkan tanpa sedikit pun keraguan bahawa Britain-lah yang memulakan segala-galanya bagi mencetuskan pemberontakan ini, dan merekalah yang telah menghantar Mustafa Kemal untuk melaksanakannya. Ini kerana merekalah yang mendakwa berlaku kekacauan di wilayah-wilayah timur, merekalah yang menuntut supaya Mustafa Kemal pergi memadamkan kekacauan tersebut, dan merekalah yang mengilhamkan orang Greek untuk menduduki Izmir, di bawah jagaan dan perlindungan armada mereka, serta melakukan provokasi sedemikian. Britain juga yang membawa Mustafa Kemal ke Izmir, walaupun pihak berkuasa Uthmaniyyah merayu agar dia kembali, dan yang membuka jalan baginya untuk segera mengambil kesempatan daripada provokasi tersebut dan mula mengumpulkan rakyat di sekelilingnya. Peristiwa-peristiwa ini berbicara dengan sangat jelas dan menunjukkan dengan paling ketara kebenaran muktamad yang boleh ditunjuk oleh sesiapa sahaja.

This is how Mustafa Kemal started his rebellion which ended in the abolishment of the Khilafah and the severance of Turkey from the other parts of the Ottoman State, or according to the Westerners, the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. From these events alone, one can conclude without any shade of a doubt that it was the British who had initiated everything to flare up this rebellion, and that it was they who had sent Mustafa Kemal to carry it out. For it was they who claimed that there had been disturbances in the eastern provinces, it was they who demanded that Mustafa Kemal should go to quell the disturbances, it was they who inspired the Greeks to occupy Izmir, under the guardianship and protection of their fleet, and to carry out such provocations. Also it was the British who had brought Mustafa Kemal to Izmir, despite the Ottoman authorities’ pleas for him to return, and who paved the way for him to immediately take advantage of those provocations and start gathering people around him. These events speak volumes and indicate most conspicuously the conclusive truth which everyone can put their finger on.