Nota

Notes

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1 Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Dawud. Saya telah merujuk hadis-hadis Nabi kepada penyusunnya. Sebagai contoh, "Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari" bermaksud hadis tersebut terdapat dalam kitab hadis yang disusun oleh Bukhari. Anda boleh mencari pelbagai hadis tersebut menggunakan pangkalan data dalam talian bahasa Inggeris dan Arab. Sila ambil perhatian bahawa terjemahan mungkin berbeza.

1 Narrated by Abu Dawud. I have referenced the Prophetic traditions by their compilers. For example, “Narrated by Bukhari” means that it is in the hadith book compiled by Bukhari. You can search for the various hadiths using online English and Arabic databases. Please note translations may vary.

2 Al-Ghazali. (2015). The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife. 2

Edisi Kedua.

nd Edition.

Diterjemahkan dengan Pengenalan dan Nota oleh T. J. Winter. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, hlm. 8.

Translated with an Introduction and Notes by T. J. Winter. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, p. 8.

3 Anda boleh menonton sebahagian daripada debat ini di www.hamzatzortzis.com [Dicapai pada 3 Oktober 2016].

3 You can watch some of these debates at www.hamzatzortzis.com [Accessed 3rd October 2016].

4 hadith sahih adalah perkataan, perbuatan, dan persetujuan (taqrir) yang sahih dan terbukti daripada Nabi Muhammad ﷺ.

4 Prophetic traditions are authentic and verified words, statements, actions and consent of the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم.

Bullivant, S. (2015). Mentakrifkan ‘Ateisme’. Dalam: The Oxford Handbook of Atheism.

5 Bullivant, S. (2015). Defining ‘Atheism’. In: The Oxford Handbook of Atheism.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 11-21.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 11-21.

6 Schweizer, B. (2010). Hating God: The Untold Story of Misotheism. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 28.

7Ibid, hlm. 216.

7Ibid, p. 216.

Ibid, hlm. 217-218.

8Ibid, pp. 217-218.

Ibid, hlm. 217-218.

9Ibid, pp. 217-218.

10 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion. London: Bantam Press, hlm. 14.

10 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion. London: Bantam Press, p. 14.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

11 Narrated by Muslim.

12 Al-Quran, Surah 52, Ayat 36. Sepanjang buku ini saya telah menggunakan pelbagai terjemahan Al-Quran. Terjemahan yang paling kerap saya gunakan ialah terjemahan oleh Profesor Abdel Haleem [Lihat Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. (2005 & cetakan semula 2008) The Qur’an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press] dan terjemahan oleh Sahih International [boleh didapati di: www.quran.com]. 13 "Siapakah yang akan meninggalkan agama Ibrahim, kecuali orang yang bodoh?" Al-Quran, Surah 2, Ayat 130.

12 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verse 36. Throughout this book I have used various Qur’anic translations. The translations I have used most frequently are the translation by Professor Abdel Haleem [See Abdel Haleem, M. A. S. (2005 & Reissue Edition, 2008) The Qur’an: A New Translation. New York: Oxford University Press] and the translation by Sahih International [available at: www.quran.com]. 13 “Who but a fool would forsake the religion of Abraham?” The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 130.

14 Crone, P. Atheism (pre-modern). Dalam: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Disunting oleh: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Boleh didapati di: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23358 [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

14 Crone, P. Atheism (pre-modern). In: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23358 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

15 Ibid.

16 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Diterjemahkan oleh Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, hlm. 22. Penterjemah merujuk kepada ahli fizik; namun, dalam konteks asal, ia merujuk kepada mereka yang menolak pemeliharaan (takdir) Tuhan. 17 Al-Qur'an, Surah 10, Ayat 99.

16 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Translated by Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, p. 22. The translator refers to physicists; however, in the original context it refers to those who reject God’s providence. 17 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 99.

18 Al-Qur'an, Surah 2, Ayat 256.

18 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 256.

19 Idris, J. (2012). An Islamic View of Peaceful Coexistence. Tersedia di: www.jaafaridris.com/an-islamic-view-of-peaceful-coexistence [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

19 Idris, J. (2012). An Islamic View of Peaceful Coexistence. Available at: www.jaafaridris.com/an-islamic-view-of-peaceful-coexistence [Accessed 1st October 2016].

20 Bremmer, J. N. (2007). Atheism in Antiquity. Dalam: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, Edisi Pertama. New York: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 11.

20 Bremmer, J. N. (2007). Atheism in Antiquity. In: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, 1st Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 11.

21 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History. Dalam: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, hlm. 29.

21 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History. In: M. Martin, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, p. 29.

22 Addison, J. (1753). The Evidence of the Christian Religion. London, hlm. 224-223.

22 Addison, J. (1753). The Evidence of the Christian Religion. London, pp. 224-223.

23 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History, hlm. 31. 24 Bradlaugh, C. (1929). Humanity's Gain from Unbelief and Other Selections from the Works of Charles Bradlaugh. London: Watts & Co. The Thinkers Library, No. 4. 25 Ibid, hlm. 23.

23 Hyman, G. (2007). Atheism in Modern History, p. 31. 24 Bradlaugh, C. (1929). Humanity’s Gain from Unbelief and Other Selections from the Works of Charles Bradlaugh. London: Watts & Co. The Thinkers Library, No. 4. 25 Ibid, p. 23.

26 Ibid, hlm. 1.

26 Ibid, p. 1.

27 Memodenkan Hujah bagi Tuhan. Time Magazine, 7 April 1980, hlm. 65-66. Boleh didapati di: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921990,00.html [Diakses pada 2

27 Modernizing the Case for God. Time Magazine, 7 April 1980, pp. 65-66. Available at: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921990,00.html [Accessed 2

[nd Oktober 2016].

nd October 2016].

28 Crick, F. (1982). Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature. London: Futura Publications, hlm. 117-129.

28 Crick, F. (1982). Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature. London: Futura Publications, pp. 117-129.

Hitchens, C. (2007). God Is Not Great: The Case Against Religion. New York: Atlantic Books, hlm. 13.

29 Hitchens, C. (2007). God Is Not Great: The Case Against Religion. New York: Atlantic Books, p. 13.

Harris, S. (2006). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror and the Future of Reason. London: The Free Press, hlm. 227.

30 Harris, S. (2006). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror and the Future of Reason. London: The Free Press, p. 227.

31 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, p. 20.

Dipetik dalam William, P. S. (2009). A Sceptic’s Guide to Atheism. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, hlm. 41.

32 Cited in William, P. S. (2009). A Sceptic’s Guide to Atheism. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, p. 41.

Ibid, hlm. 44.

33 Ibid p. 44.

34 Pejabat Statistik Negara (Office for National Statistics). (2011). Religion in England Wales 2011.[dalam talian] Boleh didapati di: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rpt-religion.html#tab-Changing-picture-of-religious-affiliation-over-last-decade. [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

34 Office for National Statistics. (2011). Religion in England Wales 2011.[online] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rpt-religion.html#tab-Changing-picture-of-religious-affiliation-over-last-decade. [Accessed 1st October 2016].

35 Biotechnology Report. Fieldwork January 2010 – February 2010. Bruxelles: TNS Opinion & Social, p. 203. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2016].

Sejarah ateisme di China mempunyai kerumitannya sendiri dan tidak boleh disamakan dengan ateisme Barat. Ateisme China bukan berpunca daripada Darwinisme atau jenis ateisme baharu seperti Dawkins. Ateisme di China berasaskan satu set faktor budaya, politik dan intelektual yang tersendiri. Ia perlu dikaji secara berasingan.

36 The history of atheism in China has its own complexities and cannot be equated with Western atheism. Chinese atheism is not due to Darwinism or a Dawkins type of new atheism. Atheism in China is based on a unique set of cultural, political and intellectual factors. It has to be studied on its own.

37 Zuckerman, P. (2007). Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns. Dalam: M. Martin, ed, The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, hlm. 61.

37 Zuckerman, P. (2007). Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns. In: M. Martin, ed, The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, p. 61.

38 Ibid, hlm. 55.

38 Ibid, p. 55.

39 WIN-Gallup International. (2012). Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism, hlm. 16. Boleh didapati di: http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf [Diakses pada 2 Oktober 216].

39 WIN-Gallup International. (2012). Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism, p. 16. Available at: http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf [Accessed 2nd October 216].

40Sebahagian idea dalam bab ini diilhamkan daripada dan disesuaikan dari Craig, W.L. The absurdity of life without god. Boleh didapati di: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the absurdity-of-life-without-god [Diakses pada 23 November 2016].

40Some of ideas in this chapter have been inspired by and adapted from Craig, W.L. The absurdity of life without god. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the absurdity-of-life-without-god [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

41Schopenhauer, A. (2014). Studies in Pessimism: On the Sufferings of the World. [ebook] The University of Adelaide Library. Chapter 1. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/s/schopenhauer/arthur/pessimism/chapter1.html [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

42 Al-Qur'an, Surah 12, Ayat 87.

42 The Qur’an, Chapter 12, Verse 87.

43 Al-Qur'an, Surah 99, Ayat 6 hingga 8.

43 The Qur’an, Chapter 99, Verses 6 to 8.

44 Al-Qur'an, Surah 45, Ayat 22.

44 The Qur’an, Chapter 45, Verse 22.

45 Al-Qur'an, Surah 50, Ayat 35.

45 The Qur’an, Chapter 50, Verse 35.

46 Al-Qur'an, Surah 10, Ayat 26.

46 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 26.

47 Al-Qur'an, Surah 36, Ayat 55 hingga 58.

47 The Qur’an, Chapter 36, Verses 55 to 58.

48 Al-Qur'an, Surah 17, Ayat 70.

48 The Qur’an, Chapter 17, Verse 70.

49 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 191.

49 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 191.

50 Al-Qur'an, Surah 32, Ayat 18.

50 The Qur’an, Chapter, 32, Verse 18.

51 Nasr, S. H. (2004). The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, p. 275.

52 Al-Quran, Surah 57, Ayat 20 hingga 21.

52 The Qur’an, Chapter 57, Verses 20 to 21.

Dikutip dalam BBC (tanpa tarikh) Radio 4 - in our time - greatest philosopher - Ludwig Wittgenstein. Didapati dari: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/greatest_philosopher_ludwig_wittgen stein.shtml [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

53 Cited in BBC (no date) Radio 4 - in our time - greatest philosopher - Ludwig Wittgenstein. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/greatest_philosopher_ludwig_wittgen stein.shtml [Accessed 1st October 2016].

Dipetik dalam Pollan, S. M. dan Levine, M. (2006). It's All in Your Head: Thinking Your Way to Happiness. New York: HarperCollins, hlm. 4.

54 Cited in Pollan, S. M. and Levine, M. (2006). It’s All in Your Head: Thinking Your Way to Happiness. New York: HarperCollins, p. 4.

55 Williams, M. (2015). The Life Cycle of the Sun. Tersedia di:

55 Williams, M. (2015). The Life Cycle of the Sun. Available at:

http://www.universetoday.com/18847/life-of-the-sun/ [Accessed 2

[nd Oktober 2016].

nd October 2016].

56 Al-Quran, Surah 3, Ayat 191.

56 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 191.

57 Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. 30th Anniversary edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

58 Al-Qur'an, Surah 7, Ayat 128.

58 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 128.

59 Al-Qur'an, Surah 39, Ayat 29.

59 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 29.

60 Mogahed, Y. (2015). Reclaim Your Heart. 2nd Edition. San Clemente, CA: FB Publishing, p. 55.

61 Al-Qur'an, Surah 11, Ayat 105.

61 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verse 105.

62 Al-Qur'an, Surah 25, Ayat 75.

62 The Qur’an, Chapter 25, Verse 75.

63 Al-Quran, Surah 59, Ayat 19.

63 The Qur’an, Chapter 59, Verse 19.

64 Dawkins, R. (2001). River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life. London: Phoenix, m/s 155.

64 Dawkins, R. (2001). River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life. London: Phoenix, p. 155.

65 BonJour, L. (1998). In Defense of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 100-102.

BonJour, L. (1995). "Toward a Moderate Rationalism." Philosophical Topics 23, no. 1: 50.

66 BonJour, L. (1995). “Toward a Moderate Rationalism.” Philosophical Topics 23, no. 1: 50.

67 Basic assumptions of science (no date) Available at: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/basic_assumptions [Accessed 14th November 2016].

68 Darwin Correspondence Project (2016) Tersedia di: https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-13230.xml [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

68 Darwin Correspondence Project (2016) Available at: https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-13230.xml [Accessed 4th October 2016].

69 O'Hear, A. (1997). Beyond Evolution: Human Nature and the Limits of Evolutionary Explanation. New York: Oxford University Press, hlm. 60.

69 O’Hear, A. (1997). Beyond Evolution: Human Nature and the Limits of Evolutionary Explanation. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 60.

70 Gray, J. (2014). The Closed Mind of Richard Dawkins. Boleh didapati di: https://newrepublic.com/article/119596/appetite-wonder-review-closed-mind-richard-dawkins [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

70 Gray, J. (2014). The Closed Mind of Richard Dawkins. Available at: https://newrepublic.com/article/119596/appetite-wonder-review-closed-mind-richard-dawkins [Accessed 4th October 2016].

71 Francis, C. (1994). The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, m. 262. 72 Pinker, S. (1997). How the Mind Works. New York: W. W. Norton, m. 305.

71 Francis, C. (1994). The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, p. 262. 72 Pinker, S. (1997). How the Mind Works. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 305.

73 Harris, S. (2010). The Moral Landscape. New York: Free Press, hlm. 66.

73 Harris, S. (2010). The Moral Landscape. New York: Free Press, p. 66.

74 Sage, James. "Truth-Reliability and the Evolution of Human Cognitive Faculties." Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 117, no. 1/2 (2004): 102.

74 Sage, James. “Truth-Reliability and the Evolution of Human Cognitive Faculties.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 117, no. 1/2 (2004): 102.

Ibid, hlm. 104.

75 Ibid, p. 104.

Ibid.

76 Ibid.

77 Ibid.

78 Tzortzis, H. (2019). Bolehkah evolusi menerangkan secara memadai keupayaan kognitif kita yang boleh dipercayai dalam mencapai kebenaran? Boleh didapati di: http://www.hamzatzortzis.com/can-evolution-adequately explain-our-truth-reliable-cognitive-faculties. [Diakses pada 30 September 2019].

78 Tzortzis, H. (2019). Can evolution adequately explain our truth-reliable cognitive faculties? Available at: http://www.hamzatzortzis.com/can-evolution-adequately explain-our-truth-reliable-cognitive-faculties. [Accessed 30th September 2019].

79 Al-Qur'an, Surah 41, Ayat 53.

79 The Qur’an, Chapter 41, Verse 53.

80 Al-Qur'an, Surah 47, Ayat 24.

80 The Qur’an, Chapter 47, Verse 24.

81 Al-Qur'an, Surah 11, Ayat 51.

81 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verse 51.

82 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 190.

82 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 190.

83 Tallis, R. (2014). Aping Mankind: Neuromania, Darwinitis and the Misrepresentation of Humanity. New York: Routledge, hlm. 87.

83 Tallis, R. (2014). Aping Mankind: Neuromania, Darwinitis and the Misrepresentation of Humanity. New York: Routledge, p. 87.

84 Diambil dan disesuaikan daripada Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), 703.

84 Taken and adapted from Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), 703.

85 Tanggapan terhadap bantahan ini diilhamkan oleh dan disesuaikan daripada Kane B. (2014) Philosophy of mind 4.2 - objections to functionalism. Boleh didapati di: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmEk1lq_Wgk [Diakses pada 24 Oktober 2016].

85 The response to this objection has been inspired by and adapted from Kane B. (2014) Philosophy of mind 4.2 - objections to functionalism. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmEk1lq_Wgk [Accessed 24th October 2016].

86 Searle, J. (1984). Minds, Brains and Science. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, hlm. 32-33.

86 Searle, J. (1984). Minds, Brains and Science. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, pp. 32-33.

87 Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262: 27.

87 Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262: 27.

Ibid, hlm. 30.

88 Ibid, p. 30.

89 Ibid. Untuk jawapan kepada bantahan lain dan maklumat lanjut mengenai topik ini, sila lihat: Searle, J. (1980) Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, hlm. 417-424; Searle, J. (1980) Intrinsic Intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, hlm. 450-456; Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), hlm. 701-708; Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262, hlm. 26-31; Searle, J. (1992). The Rediscovery of the Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

89 Ibid. For responses to other objections and more detail on this topic please see: Searle, J. (1980) Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, pp. 417-424; Searle, J. (1980) Intrinsic Intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, pp. 450-456; Searle, J. (1989). Reply to Jacquette. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49(4), pp. 701-708; Searle, J. (1990). Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? Scientific American, 262, pp. 26-31; Searle, J. (1992). The Rediscovery of the Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

90 Hasker, W. Metaphysics. Downer's Grove, Ill: InterVarsity, 1983, hlm. 49, dan lihat: "The Transcendental Refutation of Determinism," Southern Journal of Philosophy, 11, 1973, hlm. 175–83.

90 Hasker, W. Metaphysics. Downer’s Grove, Ill: InterVarsity, 1983, p. 49, and see: “The Transcendental Refutation of Determinism,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, 11, 1973, pp. 175–83.

91 BBC Today. (2008). Tersedia di: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7745000/7745514.stm [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

91 BBC Today. (2008). Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7745000/7745514.stm [Accessed 1st October 2016].

92 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1991). Dar' Ta'arud al-'Aql wan-Naql. Edisi ke-2. Disunting oleh Muhammad Rashad Salim. Riyadh, Jami'ah al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud al-Islamiyah. Jilid 8, hlm. 482.

92 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1991). Dar’ Ta’arud al-‘Aql wan-Naql. 2nd Edition. Edited by Muhammad Rashad Salim. Riyadh, Jami’ah al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud al Islamiyah. Vol 8, p. 482.

93 Al-Isfahani, Al-Raghib. (2009). Mufradat al-Qur'an al-Karim. Edisi ke-4. Disunting oleh Safwan Dawudi. Beirut: al-Dar al-Shamiyya, hlm. 640.

93 Al-Isfahani, Al-Raghib. (2009). Mufradat al-Qurʾan al-Karim. 4th Edition. Edited by Ṣafwan Dawudi. Beirut: al-Dar al-Shamiyya, p. 640.

94 Petrovich, O. (1997). Understanding the Non-Natural Causality in Children and Adults: A Case Against Artificialism. Psyche en Geloof, 8, pp. 151-165.

95 Zwartz, B. (2008). Infants ‘Have Natural Belief In God’. Available at: http://www.theage.com.au/national/infants-have-natural-belief-in-god-20080725- 3l3b.html [Accessed 4th October 2016]. 96 Bloom, P. (2007). Religion is Natural. Developmental Science, 10, pp. 147-151. 97 Kelemen, D. (2004). Are Children “Intuitive Theists”? Reasoning About Purpose and Design in Nature. Psychological Science, 15(5), pp. 295-301.

Järnefelt, E., Canfield, C. F. & Kelemen, D. (2015). The Divided Mind of a Disbeliever: Intuitive Beliefs About Nature as Purposefully Created Among Different Groups of Non-Religious Adults. Cognition, 140, pp. 72-88.

98 Järnefelt, E., Canfield, C. F. & Kelemen, D. (2015). The Divided Mind of a Disbeliever: Intuitive Beliefs About Nature as Purposefully Created Among Different Groups of Non-Religious Adults. Cognition, 140, pp. 72-88.

Ibid, 74.

99 Ibid, 74.

100 Ibid.

101 Ibid, 79.

102 Ibid, 81.

103 Ibid, 82.

104 Ibid, 83.

105 Ibid, 84.

106 Ibid.

107 Corriveau, K. H., Chen, E. E. dan Harris, P. L. (2015), Judgments About Fact and Fiction by Children From Religious and Nonreligious Backgrounds. Cogn Sci, 39, hlm. 353–382. 108 Barrett, J. L. (2012). Born Believers: The Science of Children’s Religious Belief. New York: Free Press, hlm. 35-36.

107 Corriveau, K. H., Chen, E. E. and Harris, P. L. (2015), Judgments About Fact and Fiction by Children From Religious and Nonreligious Backgrounds. Cogn Sci, 39, pp. 353–382. 108 Barrett, J. L. (2012). Born Believers: The Science of Children’s Religious Belief. New York: Free Press, pp. 35-36.

109 Al-‘Asqalani, A. (2000). Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. Cetakan ke-3. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, hlm. 316. 110 Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

109 Al-‘Asqalani, A. (2000). Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. 3rd Edition. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam, p. 316. 110 Narrated by Muslim.

111 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Diterjemahkan oleh Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, p. 10.

111 Al-Ghazali. (2007). Kimiya-e Saadat: The Alchemy of Happiness. Translated by Claude Field. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, p. 10.

112 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (2004). Majmu' al-Fatawa Shaykhul Islam Ahmad bin Taymiyyah. Madina: Mujama' Malik Fahad. Jld. 16, hlm. 324.

112 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (2004). Majmu’ al-Fatawa Shaykhul Islam Ahmad bin Taymiyyah. Madina: Mujama’ Malik Fahad. Vol 16, p. 324.

113 Ibid. Jld 6, hlm. 73.

113 Ibid. Vol 6, p. 73.

114 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1991). Dar' Ta'arud al-'Aql wan-Naql. Jld 7, hlm. 219.

114 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1991). Dar’ Ta’arud al-‘Aql wan-Naql. Vol 7, p. 219.

115 Al-Qur'an, Surah 16, Ayat 69.

115 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 69.

116 Al-Quran, Surah 10, Ayat 24.

116 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 24.

117 Al-Qur'an, Surah 52, Ayat 35 dan 36.

117 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verses 35 and 36.

118 Al-Qur'an, Surah 28, Ayat 56.

118 The Qur’an, Chapter 28, Verse 56.

119 Al-Qur'an, Surah 14, Ayat 10.

119 The Qur’an, Chapter 14, Verse 10.

Farfur, M. S. (2010). The Beneficial Message and The Definitive Proof in The Study of Theology. Terjemahan dan nota oleh Wesam Charkawi. Auburn: Wesam Charkawi, hlm. 85-86.

120 Farfur, M. S. (2010). The Beneficial Message and The Definitive Proof in The Study of Theology. Translation and notes by Wesam Charkawi. Auburn: Wesam Charkawi, pp. 85-86.

121 Gwynne, R. W. (2004) Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur'an: God's Arguments. Abingdon: Routledge. 2004, hlm. ix.

121 Gwynne, R. W. (2004) Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur’an: God's Arguments. Abingdon: Routledge. 2004, p. ix.

122 Ibid, hlm. 203

122 Ibid, p. 203

123 Dipetik dalam Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, hlm. 31.

123 Cited in Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, p. 31.

124 Al-Qur'an, Surah 52, Ayat 35 dan 36.

124 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verses 35 and 36.

Mohar, M. A. (2003). A word for word meaning of the Qur’ān. Vol III. Ipswich: JIMAS, p. 1713.

125 Mohar, M. A. (2003). A word for word meaning of the Qur’ān. Vol III. Ipswich: JIMAS, p. 1713.

126 Hujah ini diilhamkan dan disesuaikan daripada Idris, J. (1994) The Contemporary Physicists and God's Existence. Available at: http://www.jaafaridris.com/the-contemporary-physicists-and-gods-existence/ [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

126 This argument has been inspired by and adapted from Idris, J. (1994) The Contemporary Physicists and God’s Existence. Available at: http://www.jaafaridris.com/the-contemporary-physicists-and-gods-existence/ [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

127 Hilbert, D. (1964). On the Infinite. Dalam: P. Benacerraf dan H. Putnam (eds), Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, hlm. 151.

127 Hilbert, D. (1964). On the Infinite. In: P. Benacerraf and H. Putnam (eds), Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, p. 151.

128 Quine: Terms explained. Available at: http://www.rit.edu/cla/philosophy/quine/underdetermination.html [Accessed 23rd October 2016].

129 American Physical Society. (1998). Focus: The Force of Empty Space. Available at: http://physics.aps.org/story/v2/st28 [Accessed 23rd November 2016].

130 Leibniz, G. W. (1714). The Principles of Nature and Grace, Based on Reason.

1714. Tersedia di: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/leibniz1714a.pdf [Diakses 4

1714. Available at: http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/leibniz1714a.pdf [Accessed 4

th Oktober 2016].

th October 2016].

131 Krauss, L. M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing: Why is there Something Rather Than Nothing. London: Simon & Schuster, hlm. 170.

131 Krauss, L. M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing: Why is there Something Rather Than Nothing. London: Simon & Schuster, p. 170.

132 Ibid.

133 Ibid, hlm. 105.

133 Ibid, p. 105.

134 Albert, D. (2012). ‘A Universe From Nothing,’ by Lawrence M. Krauss. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/books/review/a-universe-from nothing-by-lawrence-m-krauss.html?_r=0 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Boleh didapati di: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Diakses pada 9

135 Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Accessed 9

th Oktober 2016].

th October 2016].

136 Analogi yang disesuaikan daripada Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Boleh didapati di: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Diakses pada 9 Oktober 2016].

136 Analogies adapted from Craig, W.L. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/a-universe-from-nothing [Accessed 9th October 2016].

137 Krauss, L. A (2012). Universe from Nothing, p. 174.

138 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. Dalam: Psillos, S dan Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 137-138.

138 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S and Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 137-138.

139 Krauss, L. (2012) A Universe from Nothing, p. xiii.

140 Ibid p. 147.

141 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Didapati di: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI [Diakses pada 10 September 2016].

141 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI [Accessed 10th September 2016].

142 Tony Sobrado. (2012). How the Universe Came from 'Nothing', Richard Dawkins and Lawrence Krauss discuss. Tersedia di: https://youtu.be/CXGyesfHzew?t=921 [Diakses pada 2 Oktober 2016].

142 Tony Sobrado. (2012). How the Universe Came from ‘Nothing’, Richard Dawkins and Lawrence Krauss discuss. Available at: https://youtu.be/CXGyesfHzew?t=921 [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

143 Wali-Allah, S. (2003). The Conclusive Argument from God (Hujjat Allah al-Baligha). Diterjemahkan oleh Marcia K. Hermansen. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, hlm. 33.

143 Wali-Allah, S. (2003). The Conclusive Argument from God (Hujjat Allah al-Baligha). Translated by Marcia K. Hermansen. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, p. 33.

144 Dinukil dalam Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Disunting oleh Abdullah Al-Hashidi. Kaherah: Maktabatu al-Suwaadi. Jld 2, hlm. 271.

144 Cited in Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Edited by Abdullah Al-Hashidi. Cairo: Maktabatu al-Suwaadi. Vol 2, p. 271.

Contoh ini telah diambil dari Green, A. R. The Man in the Red Underpants.

145 This example has been taken from Green, A. R. The Man in the Red Underpants.

Edisi ke-2. London: One Reason, hlm. 9-10.

nd Edition. London: One Reason, pp. 9-10.

Contoh ini telah disesuaikan daripada Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God's Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Boleh didapati di: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Diakses pada 2 Oktober 2016].

146 This example has been adapted from Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God’s Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Available at: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

147 Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God's Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Tersedia di: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Diakses 2

147 Idris, J. (2006). Contemporary Physicists and God’s Existence (part 2 of 3): A Series of Causes. Available at: http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/491/ [Accessed 2

[nd Oktober 2016].

nd October 2016].

Dipetik dalam Goodman, L. E. (1971). Ghazali's Argument From Creation (I). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2(1), 83.

148 Cited in Goodman, L. E. (1971). Ghazali's Argument From Creation (I). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2(1), 83.

Flew, A. (2007). There is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind. New York: HarperOne. 2007, hlm. 165.

149Flew, A. (2007). There is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind. New York: HarperOne. 2007, p. 165.

150 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

150 Narrated by Bukhari.

151 Dikutip dalam Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Jld 2, hlm. 270.

151 Cited in Al-Bayhaqi, A. (2006). Kitab al-Asma was-Sifat. Vol 2, p. 270.

152 Al-Qur'an, Surah 112, Ayat 2 dan 3.

152 The Qur’an, Chapter 112, Verses 2 and 3.

153 Lennox, J. C. (2009). God's Undertaker: Has Science Buried God? Oxford: Lion Books, hlm. 183.

153 Lennox, J. C. (2009). God’s Undertaker: Has Science Buried God? Oxford: Lion Books, p. 183.

Hoover, J. (2004). Perpetual Creativity in the Perfection of God: Ibn Taymiyya's Hadith Commentary on God's Creation of this World. Journal of Islamic Studies 15(3), 296.

154 Hoover, J. (2004). Perpetual Creativity in the Perfection of God: Ibn Taymiyya’s Hadith Commentary on God's Creation of this World. Journal of Islamic Studies 15(3), 296.

155 Al-Qur'an, Surah 42, Ayat 11.

155 The Qur’an, Chapter 42, Verse 11.

156 Al-Qur'an, Surah 58, Ayat 7.

156 The Qur’an, Chapter 58, Verse 7.

Ini adalah anggaran berdasarkan jumlah atom hidrogen yang terkandung dalam anggaran jumlah keseluruhan bintang di alam semesta yang dapat diamati. Angka ini akan lebih tinggi jika atom-atom lain turut dimasukkan.

157 This is an estimate based on the number of hydrogen atoms that are contained in the estimated total number of stars in the observable universe. The number is higher if other atoms are included.

158 Al-Qur'an, Surah 24, Ayat 45.

158 The Qur’an, Chapter 24, Verse 45.

159 Al-Tahawi. (2007). The Creed of Imam Al-Tahawi. Diterjemahkan dari bahasa Arab, Diperkenalkan dan Dianotasi oleh Hamza Yusuf. California: Zaytuna Institute, hlm. 50.

159 Al-Tahawi. (2007). The Creed of Imam Al-Tahawi. Translated from Arabic, Introduced and Annotated by Hamza Yusuf. California: Zaytuna Institute, p. 50.

160 Al-Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 20.

160 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 20.

161 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami’ al-Ahkaam al-Qur’an. Disunting oleh Dr. Adullah Al-Turki dan Muhammad ‘Arqasusi. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risalah. Jld 1, hlm. 338-9.

161 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami’ al-Ahkaam al-Qur’an. Edited by Dr. Adullah Al-Turki and Muhammad ‘Arqasusi. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risalah. Vol 1, pp. 338-9.

162 Diadaptasi dan diilhami daripada Craig, W. L. The coherence of Theism - part 2. Boleh didapati di: http://www.bethinking.org/god/the-coherence-of-theism/part-2 [Diakses pada 13 November 2016].

162 Inspired and adapted from Craig, W. L. The coherence of Theism - part 2. Available at: http://www.bethinking.org/god/the-coherence-of-theism/part-2 [Accessed 13th November 2016].

163 Swinburne, R. (2004). The Existence of God. Edisi Kedua. New York: Oxford University Press, hlm. 52-72.

163 Swinburne, R. (2004). The Existence of God. 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 52-72.

164 Al-Qur'an, Surah 11, Ayat 107.

164 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verse 107.

165 Al-Ghazali, M. (2005). Ihyaa ‘Ulum al-Deen. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, hlm. 107.

165 Al-Ghazali, M. (2005). Ihyaa ‘Ulum al-Deen. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, p. 107.

Rizvi, A. (2016). The Atheist Muslim. New York: St. Martin's Press, hlm. 127.

166 Rizvi, A. (2016). The Atheist Muslim. New York: St. Martin’s Press, p. 127.

167 Jawapan kepada bantahan ini diilhamkan daripada dan disesuaikan dari Craig, W.L. #148 Causation and Spacetime. Boleh didapati di: https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/causation-and-spacetime/ [Diakses pada 27 September 2019].

167 The answer to this objection has been inspired by and adapted from Craig, W.L. #148 Causation and Spacetime. Available at: https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/causation-and-spacetime/ [Accessed 27th September 2019].

168 Huemer, H dan Kovitz, B. (2003). Causation as Simultaneous and Continuous, The Philosophical Quarterly, 53 (213), 556.

168 Huemer, H and Kovitz, B. (2003). Causation as Simultaneous and Continuous, The Philosophical Quarterly, 53 (213), 556.

Contoh ini diadaptasi daripada Immanuel Kant. Lihat Kant, I. (1965) Critique of Pure Reason. Diterjemahkan oleh N. Kemp Smith. New York: St Martin's Press, A203.

169 This is example is adapted from Immanuel Kant. See Kant, I. (1965) Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by N. Kemp Smith. New York: St Martin’s Press, A203.

170 Wolchover, N. (2016). Quantum Gravity’s Time Problem. Tersedia di: https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-gravitys-time-problem-20161201/ [Diakses pada 26 September 2019].

170 Wolchover, N. (2016). Quantum Gravity’s Time Problem. Available at: https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-gravitys-time-problem-20161201/ [Accessed 26th September 2019].

171 Disesuaikan daripada Craig, W. dan Sinclair, D. (2009). The Kalam Cosmological Argument. Dalam: Craig, W. L. dan Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, m.s. 196.

171 Adapted from Craig, W. and Sinclair, D. (2009). The Kalam Cosmological Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 196.

Wolchover, N. (2019). Physicists Debate Hawking's Idea That the Universe Had No Beginning. Available at: https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/ [Accessed 26th September 2019].

172 Wolchover, N. (2019). Physicists Debate Hawking’s Idea That the Universe Had No Beginning. Available at: https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-debate-hawkings-idea-that-the-universe-had-no-beginning-20190606/ [Accessed 26th September 2019].

173 Randhawa, S. (2011). The Kalam Cosmological Argument and the Problem of Divine Creative Agency and Purpose. Draft version. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/29016615/The_Kal%C4%81m_Cosmological_Argument_ and_the_Problem_of_Divine_Creative_Agency_and_Purpose [Accessed 22nd October 2016].

174 Banyak konsep hujah yang dikemukakan dalam bab ini telah diadaptasi daripada dan diilhamkan oleh tradisi keilmuan Islam serta karya falsafah Kristian kontemporari. Lihat Al-Ghazali, A. (2003). Al-Itiqaad fi Al-Iqtisaad. Beirut: Al Maktabah Al Sharqiyah; Ibn Sina, A. (1957). Al Ishaarat wa Al-Tanbihaat. Cairo: Dal al Mar'rif; Ibn Sina, A. (1982). Kitaab Al Najaat fi Al Hikmah Al Muntiqiyah wa Al Tabia wa Ilahiyah. Beirut: Dar Al Afaaq; Taymiyyah, I. (2009). Sharh Al Ishbahaniyah. Edisi ke-1, Riyadh: Maktabah Dar Al-Minhaaj; Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God. Boleh didapati di: https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A7CE655E55212940. [Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2019].

174 Many concepts of the argument presented in this chapter have been adapted from and inspired by the Islamic scholarly tradition and contemporary Christian philosophical work. See Al-Ghazali, A. (2003). Al-Itiqaad fi Al-Iqtisaad. Beirut: Al Maktabah Al Sharqiyah; Ibn Sina, A. (1957). Al Ishaarat wa Al-Tanbihaat. Cairo: Dal al Mar’rif; Ibn Sina, A. (1982). Kitaab Al Najaat fi Al Hikmah Al Muntiqiyah wa Al Tabia wa Ilahiyah. Beirut: Dar Al Afaaq; Taymiyyah, I. (2009). Sharh Al Ishbahaniyah. 1st Edition, Riyadh: Maktabah Dar Al-Minhaaj; Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A7CE655E55212940. [Accessed 20th October 2019].

Untuk perbincangan mendalam mengenai kewajiban, sila rujuk Pruss, R. dan Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 11-32.

175 For an in-depth discussion on necessity please see Pruss, R. and Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 11-32.

Bahagian ini diilhami dan disesuaikan daripada Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 4 - William Lane Craig.

176 This section is inspired by adapted from Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 4 - William Lane Craig.

Tersedia di: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb275fbEpic [Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2019].

Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb275fbEpic [Accessed 20th October 2019].

177 Analogi yang disesuaikan daripada Wainwright, W. J. (1988). Philosophy of Religion. 2nd . Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

177 Analogy adapted from Wainwright, W. J. (1988). Philosophy of Religion. 2nd . Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

178 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 97.

178 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 97.

179 Al-Quran, Surah 35, Ayat 15.

179 The Qur’an, Chapter 35, Verse 15.

180 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Adheem. Disunting oleh Saami As-Salaama. 2

180 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Adheem. Edited by Saami As-Salaama. 2

nd Edition. Riyadh: Dar Tayiba. Vol 6, p. 541. 181 Hossein, S. (1993). An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 197-200.

182 Al-Ghazali, M. (1964). Fada'ih al-Batiniyya. Disunting oleh Abdurahman Badawi. Kuwait: Muasassa Dar al-Kutub al-Thiqafa, hlm. 82.

182 Al-Ghazali, M. (1964). Fada’ih al-Batiniyya. Edited by Abdurahman Badawi. Kuwait: Muasassa Dar al-Kutub al-Thiqafa, p. 82.

183 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. 3rd Edition. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, hlm. 109.

183 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. 3rd Edition. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, p. 109.

184 Godwin, S. J. (tanpa tarikh). Transkrip perdebatan radio Russell/Copleston. Boleh didapati di: http://www.scandalon.co.uk/philosophy/cosmological_radio.htm [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

184 Godwin, S. J. (no date). Transcript of the Russell/Copleston radio debate. Available at: http://www.scandalon.co.uk/philosophy/cosmological_radio.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

I don't see any text to translate in your message. It contains only the citation: "185 Adapted from Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 2 - William Lane Craig. Available at:" with no passage from the book following it. Please paste the English text you'd like translated into Malay, and I'll translate it.

185 Adapted from Craig, W. L. (2011). Contingency Argument for God - Part 2 - William Lane Craig. Available at:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTCbQnVlYSo& [Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2019].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTCbQnVlYSo& [Accessed 20th October 2019].

Sebahagian daripada jawapan kepada bantahan ini diadaptasi dan diilhamkan daripada Rasmussen, J. (2017). 8 best objections to the "contingency" argument (episode 10 of 20). Tersedia di: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asCqyTCaoNM. [Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2019].

186Parts of the answer to this objection has been adapted from and inspired by Rasmussen, J. (2017). 8 best objections to the "contingency" argument (episode 10 of 20). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asCqyTCaoNM. [Accessed 20th October 2019].

Pruss, R. and Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

187Pruss, R. and Rasmussen, J. L. (2018). Necessary Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

188 Hijab, M. (2019). Kalam Cosmological Arguments. Independently Published.

Eaton, G. (2001). Remembering God: Reflections on Islam. Lahore: Suhail Academy, hlm. 18-19.

189 Eaton, G. (2001). Remembering God: Reflections on Islam. Lahore: Suhail Academy, pp. 18-19.

190 New Scientist: The Collection. The Big Questions. Vol I, Issue I, p. 51.

Koch, C. (2012). Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, hlm. 23-24.

191 Koch, C. (2012). Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 23-24.

192 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 5.

192 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 5.

193 Alter, T. (2014). Hard Problem of Consciousness. In: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 340.

194 Berikut ini lima poin yang diambil dan disesuaikan dari Chalmers, D. (2010) The Character of Consciousness, hlm. 11-13.

194 The following 5 points have been taken and adapted from Chalmers, D. (2010) The Character of Consciousness, pp. 11-13.

195 Discover Magazine. (2016). What is Consciousness? | DiscoverMagazine.com. Available at: http://discovermagazine.com/1992/nov/whatisconsciousn149. [Accessed 1st October 2016].

196 Revonsuo. A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, hlm. 202.

196 Revonsuo. A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, p. 202.

197 Manzoti, R. dan Moderato, P. (2014). Neuroscience: Dualism in Disguise. Dalam: Lavazza, A. dan Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 82.

197 Manzoti, R. and Moderato, P. (2014). Neuroscience: Dualism in Disguise. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 82.

Ibid.

198 Ibid.

199 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, hlm. 105.

199 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, p. 105.

200 Levine, J. (2011). The Explanatory Gap. Dalam: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 280.

200 Levine, J. (2011). The Explanatory Gap. In: Bayne, T., Cleeremans, A., and Wilken, P. (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 280.

201 Stoljar, D. (2016). "Physicalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Tersedia di: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/physicalism [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

201 Stoljar, D. (2016). “Physicalism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/physicalism [Accessed 4th October 2016].

202 Jackson, F. (1986). What Mary Didn't Know. The Journal of Philosophy, 83, 5, pp. 291-295.

203 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, hlm. 108.

203 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, p. 108.

204 Ibid, hlm. 109.

204 Ibid, p. 109.

205 Loar, Brian. (1997). "Phenomenal Consciousness", dalam The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates. disunting oleh Ned Block et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

205 Loar, Brian. (1997). “Phenomenal Consciousness”, in The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates. ed. by Ned Block et al. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

206 Perbincangan di atas telah diambil dan disesuaikan daripada perbincangan kuliah dan seminar yang diadakan semasa pengajian pascasiswazah saya (Sarjana Falsafah). Patterson, S. (2016). Week 6: Responses to the Modal and Knowledge Arguments. Lecture notes distributed in Philosophy of Mind at Birkbeck College, University of London on 16th November 2016.

206 The above discussion has been taken and adapted from the relevant lecture and seminar discussion that was held during my postgraduate degree (Masters in Philosophy). Patterson, S. (2016). Week 6: Responses to the Modal and Knowledge Arguments. Lecture notes distributed in Philosophy of Mind at Birkbeck College, University of London on 16th November 2016.

207 Tye, Michael. (2009). Consciousness Revisited: Materialism without Phenomenal Concepts. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, hlm. 49-51.

207 Tye, Michael. (2009). Consciousness Revisited: Materialism without Phenomenal Concepts. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 49-51.

208 Demircioglu, Erhan. (2013). "Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts." Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 165, 1.

208 Demircioglu, Erhan. (2013). “Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts.” Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 165, 1.

209 Polcyn, Karol. (2007) "Brian Loar on Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts." Diametros, 11, pp. 10-39.

209 Polcyn, Karol. (2007) “Brian Loar on Physicalism and Phenomenal Concepts.” Diametros, 11, pp. 10-39.

210 Chalmers, D. (2007). Phenomenal Consciousness and the Explanatory Gap. Dalam: Alter, T. dan Walter, S. (ed). Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Versi esei ini boleh didapati dalam talian di: http://consc.net/papers/pceg.pdf [Dicapai pada 21 November 2016].

210 Chalmers, D. (2007). Phenomenal Consciousness and the Explanatory Gap. In: Alter, T. and Walter, S. (ed). Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. New York: Oxford University Press. A version of this essay can be found online at: http://consc.net/papers/pceg.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2016].

211 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, hlm. 111.

211 Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness, p. 111.

212 Churchland, P. (1988). Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of the Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press, hlm. 43-39.

212 Churchland, P. (1988). Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of the Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 43-39.

213 Ibid.

Ibid.

214 Ibid.

215 Nave, Carl. HyperPhysics. Kinetic Theory. Diakses 30 Ogos 2017. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/kinthe.html.

215 Nave, Carl. HyperPhysics. Kinetic Theory. Accessed August 30, 2017. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/kinthe.html.

216 Jackson, Frank, Pettit, Philip dan Smith, Michael, Mind, Morality and Explanation: Selected Collaborations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), hlm. 30.

216 Jackson, Frank, Pettit, Philip and Smith, Michael, Mind, Morality and Explanation: Selected Collaborations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 30.

217 Ibid, 31.

218 Ibid, 30.

Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, hlm. 180-181.

219 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, pp. 180-181.

220 Ibid, hlm. 21.

220 Ibid, p. 21.

221 Ibid, hlm. 22.

221 Ibid, p. 22.

222 Ibid, hlm. 24.

222 Ibid, p. 24.

223 Lund, D. (2014) Materialism, Dualism and the Conscious Self. Dalam: Lavazza, A. dan Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 57.

223 Lund, D. (2014) Materialism, Dualism and the Conscious Self. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 57.

224 Solomon, R. (2005). Introducing Philosophy: A Text with Integrated Readings. 8

Edisi ke-, Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 416.

th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 416.

225 Block, N. (1980). Troubles with Functionalism. Dalam: Block, N. (ed.). Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Jld 1, ms. 268-205. 226 Van Gulick, R. (2008). Functionalism and Qualia. Dalam: Velmans, M. dan Schneider, S. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, ms. 381.

225 Block, N. (1980). Troubles with Functionalism. In: Block, N. (ed.). Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vol 1, pp. 268-205. 226 Van Gulick, R. (2008). Functionalism and Qualia. In: Velmans, M. and Schneider, S. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 381.

227 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, hlm. 39.

227 Revonsuo, A. (2010). Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity, p. 39.

228 Ibid, hlm. 26.

228 Ibid, p. 26.

229 Ibid, hlm. 29-30.

229 Ibid, pp. 29-30.

230 Ibid, hlm. 30.

230 Ibid, p. 30.

231 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. Dalam: Psillos, S. dan Curd, M. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, hlm. 137-138.

231 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S. and Curd, M. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, pp. 137-138.

232 Eccles, J. C. (1989). Evolution of the Brain, Creation of the Self. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 241.

233 Sober, E. (2000). Philosophy of Biology. 2nd Edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, p. 24.

234 Seager, W. dan Allen-Hermanson, S. (2015). "Panpsychism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Boleh didapati dalam talian di: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/panpsychism/.

234 Seager, W. and Allen-Hermanson, S. (2015). “Panpsychism”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2015 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Available online at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/panpsychism/.

235 Feser, E. (2006). The Philosophy of Mind. Oxford: OneWorld, p. 138.

236 Moreland, J. P. (2008). Consciousness and the Existence of God: A Theistic Argument. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 35.

237 Ibid, hlm. 192.

237 Ibid, p. 192.

238 Taliaferro, C. (2006). Naturalism and the Mind. Dalam: Craig, W. L. dan Moreland, J. P. (ed.). Naturalism: A Critical Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 148-9.

238 Taliaferro, C. (2006). Naturalism and the Mind. In: Craig, W. L. and. Moreland, J. P. (ed.). Naturalism: A Critical Analysis. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 148-9.

239 Ibid, hlm. 150.

239 Ibid p. 150.

240 Al-Qur'an, Surah 2, Ayat 255.

240 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 255.

241 Al-Qur'an, Surah 67, Ayat 14.

241 The Qur’an, Chapter 67, Verse 14.

Taliaferro, C. (2014). The Promise and Sensibility of Integrative Dualism. Dalam: Lavazza, A. dan Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 202-203.

242 Taliaferro, C. (2014). The Promise and Sensibility of Integrative Dualism. In: Lavazza, A. and Robinson, H. (ed.). Contemporary Dualism: A Defense. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 202-203.

243 Al-Quran, Surah 17, Ayat 85.

243 The Qur’an, Chapter 17, Verse 85.

244 Al-Qur'an, Surah 30, Ayat 8.

244 The Qur’an, Chapter 30, Verse 8.

245 Analogi yang disesuaikan daripada Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning. Versi yang disesuaikan. Boleh didapati di: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Diakses pada 24 Oktober 2016] 246 Al-Qur'an, Surah 55, Ayat 5 hingga 7.

245 Analogy adapted from Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning. Adapted version. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Accessed 24th October 2016] 246 The Qur’an, Chapter 55, Verses 5 to 7.

247 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 190.

247 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 190.

248 Al-Qur'an, Surah 16, Ayat 12.

248 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 12.

249 Tibawi, A.L. (ed. dan tr.). (1965). Al-Risala al-Qudsiyya (The Jerusalem Epistle) "Al-Ghazali's Tract on Dogmatic Theology". Dalam: The Islamic Quarterly, 9:3–4 (1965), 3-4.

249 Tibawi, A.L. (ed. and tr.). (1965). Al-Risala al-Qudsiyya (The Jerusalem Epistle) “Al-Ghazali’s Tract on Dogmatic Theology”. In: The Islamic Quarterly, 9:3–4 (1965), 3-4.

Ibn Abi Al-‘Izz. (2000). Syarah Akidah At-Tahawi. Diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad ‘Abdul-Haqq Ansari. Riyadh: Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America, hlm. 9

250 Ibn Abi Al-‘Izz. (2000). Commentary on the Creed of At-Tahawi. Translated by Muhammad ‘Abdul-Haqq Ansari. Riyadh: Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America, p. 9

251 Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument. Dalam: Craig, W. L. dan Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, hlm. 212.

251 Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 212.

252 Ibid.

253 John Leslie. (2001). Infinite Minds: A Philosophical Cosmology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, hlm. 205.

253 John Leslie. (2001). Infinite Minds: A Philosophical Cosmology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 205.

254 Collins, R. The Teleological Argument, hlm. 212.

254 Collins, R. The Teleological Argument, p. 212.

255 Dipetik dalam Jammer, M. (1999). Einstein and Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, hlm. 150.

255 Cited in Jammer, M. (1999). Einstein and Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 150.

256 Dawkins, R. (1999). Unweaving the Rainbow. London: Penguin, hlm. 4.

256 Dawkins, R. (1999). Unweaving the Rainbow. London: Penguin, p. 4.

257 Ward, P. D. dan Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, hlm. 16.

257 Ward, P. D. and Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, p. 16.

258 Ibid, hlm. 221-222.

258 Ibid, pp. 221-222.

259 ‘No Jupiter, no advanced life? ’ - Evolution May Be Impossible in Star Systems without a Giant Planet. (2012). Tersedia di: http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/11/would-advanced-life-be impossible-in-star-systems-without-a-jupiter-.html [Diakses pada 2 Oktober 2016].

259 ‘No Jupiter, no advanced life? ’ - Evolution May Be Impossible in Star Systems without a Giant Planet. (2012). Available at: http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/11/would-advanced-life-be impossible-in-star-systems-without-a-jupiter-.html [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

Rasio, F.A. dan E.B. Ford. (1996). Dynamical instabilities and the formation of extrasolar planetary systems. Science, 274, hlm. 954-956.

260 Rasio, F.A. and E.B. Ford. (1996). Dynamical instabilities and the formation of extrasolar planetary systems. Science, 274, pp. 954-956.

261 Ward, P. D. dan Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, hlm. 238 – 239.

261 Ward, P. D. and Brownlee, D. (2004). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. New York, NY: Copernicus Books, pp. 238 – 239.

262 Ibid, hlm. 227.

262 Ibid, p. 227.

263 Ibid, hlm. 223.

263 Ibid, p. 223.

Ibid.

264 Ibid.

265 Diilhami dan disesuaikan daripada Collins, R. The Fine-Tuning Design Argument. PowerPoint Presentation. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine tuning/Fine-tuning%20powerpoint%20final%20version%2010-3-08.ppt [Accessed 24th October 2016].

265 Inspired by and adapted from Collins, R. The Fine-Tuning Design Argument. PowerPoint Presentation. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine tuning/Fine-tuning%20powerpoint%20final%20version%2010-3-08.ppt [Accessed 24th October 2016].

Ibid.

266 Ibid.

267 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics, hlm. 161. 268 Davies, P. (1993). The Mind of God: Science and the Search for Ultimate Meaning. London: Penguin, hlm. 169.

267 Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics, p. 161. 268 Davies, P. (1993). The Mind of God: Science and the Search for Ultimate Meaning. London: Penguin, p. 169.

Dipetik dalam Flew, A. (2007) There is a God, hlm. 119.

269 Cited in Flew, A. (2007) There is a God, p.119.

270 Ibid.

Barnes, L. A. (2011). The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Sydney Institute for Astronomy. Boleh didapati di: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1112/1112.4647v1.pdf [Diakses pada 5 Oktober 2016].

271 Barnes, L. A. (2011). The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Sydney Institute for Astronomy. Available at: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1112/1112.4647v1.pdf [Accessed 5th October 2016].

272 Disesuaikan daripada Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument, hlm. 262-265.

272 Adapted from Collins, R. (2009). The Teleological Argument, pp. 262-265.

273 Saya bersyukur kepada Abu Hurayra atas sumbangannya dalam menjawab bantahan-bantahan ini. 274 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, hlm. 158.

273 I am grateful to Abu Hurayra for his contribution in responding to these objections. 274 Dawkins, R. (2006). The God Delusion, p. 158.

275 Kedua-dua perkara ini telah diadaptasi daripada perbincangan Profesor William Lane Craig mengenai isu ini. Craig, W. L. (2009). Dawkins’s Delusion. Dalam: Copan, P. dan Craig, W. L. (ed.). Contending with Christianity’s Critics: Answering New Atheists & Other Objectors. Nashville, Tennessee: B & H Publishing Group, p. 4.

275 Both points have been adapted from Professor William Lane Craig’s treatment on the issue. Craig, W. L. (2009). Dawkins’s Delusion. In: Copan, P. and Craig, W. L. (ed.). Contending with Christianity’s Critics: Answering New Atheists & Other Objectors. Nashville, Tennessee: B & H Publishing Group, p. 4.

276 Al-Qur'an, Surah 112, Ayat 1 hingga 4.

276 The Qur’an, Chapter 112, Verses 1 to 4.

Flew, A. (2007). There is a God, hlm. 111.

277 Flew, A. (2007). There is a God, p. 111.

278 Collins, R. (2002). God, Design and Fine-Tuning. Adapted version. Available at: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Fine-tuning/Revised%20Version%20of%20Fine-tuning%20for%20anthology.doc [Accessed 24th October 2016].

279 Disesuaikan daripada Collins, R. (2009) The Teleological Argument, hlm. 276.

279 Adapted from Collins, R. (2009) The Teleological Argument, p. 276.

Ibid.

280 Ibid.

281 Markham, I. S. (2010). Against Atheism: Why Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris are Fundamentally Wrong. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, hlm. 34.

281 Markham, I. S. (2010). Against Atheism: Why Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris are Fundamentally Wrong. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 34.

282 Pölzer, Thomas. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences. New York: Routledge, 2018, hlm. 2 - 4.

282 Pölzer, Thomas. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences. New York: Routledge, 2018, pp. 2 - 4.

283 Hujah-hujah yang dikemukakan dalam bab ini, termasuk sebahagian daripada idea-idea tersebut, telah diilhamkan dan diadaptasi daripada Craig, W. L. Can We Be Good Without God? Boleh didapati di: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/can-we-be-good-without-god [Diakses pada 24 Oktober 2016]; Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. Wheaton. Illinois: Crossway Books, hlm. 172-183.

283 The arguments presented in this chapter, including some of the ideas, have been inspired by and adapted from Craig, W. L. Can We Be Good Without God? Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/can-we-be-good-without-god [Accessed 24th October 2016]; Craig, W. L. (2008). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics Wheaton. Illinois: Crossway Books, pp. 172-183.

284 Ibid.

285 Al-Qur'an, Surah 52, Ayat 28.

285 The Qur’an, Chapter 52, Verse 28.

286 Al-Qur'an, Surah 7, Ayat 28.

286 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 28.

Mackie, J. L. (1990). Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. London: Penguin. 1990, hlm. 15.

287 Mackie, J. L. (1990). Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. London: Penguin. 1990, p. 15.

288 Akhtar, S. (2008). The Qur’an and the Secular Mind. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 99.

288 Akhtar, S. (2008). The Qur’an and the Secular Mind. Abingdon: Routledge, p.99.

289 Al-Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 163.

289 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 163.

290 Al-Qur'an, Surah 59, Ayat 22 hingga 24.

290 The Qur’an, Chapter 59, Verses 22 to 24.

291 Darwin, C. (1874). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, p. 99. Tersedia di: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

291 Darwin, C. (1874). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, p. 99. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Accessed 4th October 2016].

292 National Geographic. (1996). Sharks in Love. Didapati di: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/shark_nurse_mating [Diakses pada 24 Oktober 2016].

292 National Geographic. (1996). Sharks in Love. Available at: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/shark_nurse_mating [Accessed 24th October 2016].

293 Dipetik dalam Linville, M. D. (2009). The Moral Argument. Dalam: Craig, W. L. dan Moreland, J. P. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, hlm. 400.

293 Cited in Linville, M. D. (2009). The Moral Argument. In: Craig, W. L. and Moreland, J. P. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 400.

294 Al-Qur'an, Surah 21, Ayat 22.

294 The Qur’an, Chapter 21, Verse 22.

Al-Mahalli, J. dan As-Suyuti, J. (2007). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Diterjemahkan oleh Aisha Bewley. London: Dar Al Taqwa, hlm. 690; Mahali, J. dan As-Suyuti J. (2001) Tafsir al Jalalayn. Edisi ke-3. Kaherah: Dar al-Hadith, hlm. 422. Anda boleh mengakses salinan dalam talian di: https://ia800205.us.archive.org/1/items/FP158160/158160.pdf [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

295 Al-Mahalli, J. and As-Suyuti, J. (2007). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Translated by Aisha Bewley. London: Dar Al Taqwa, p. 690; Mahali, J. and As-Suyuti J. (2001) Tafsir al Jalalayn. 3rd Edition. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, p. 422. You can access a copy online at: https://ia800205.us.archive.org/1/items/FP158160/158160.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2016].

296 Averroes. (2001). Faith and Reason in Islam. Diterjemahkan dengan nota kaki, indeks dan bibliografi oleh Ibrahim Y. Najjar. Oxford: One World, hlm. 40.

296 Avveroes. (2001). Faith and Reason in Islam. Translated with footnotes, index and bibliography by Ibrahim Y. Najjar. Oxford: One World, p. 40.

297 Al-Qur'an, Surah Al-A'raf, Ayat 28.

297 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 28.

298 Untuk maklumat lanjut mengenai sifat Ketuhanan al-Quran, sila baca: Khan, N. A. dan Randhawa, S. (2016). Divine Speech: Exploring the Qur'an as Literature. Texas: Bayyinah Institute dan Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur'an. London: One Reason.

298For more on the Divine nature of the Qur’an, please read: Khan, N. A. and Randhawa, S. (2016). Divine Speech: Exploring the Qur’an as Literature. Texas: Bayyinah Institute and Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur’an. London: One Reason.

299 Al-Qur'an, Surah 29, Ayat 46.

299 The Qur’an, Chapter 29, Verse 46.

Diriwayatkan oleh Tirmidhi.

300 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

301 Masalah kejahatan dan penderitaan (problem of evil and suffering) telah dinyatakan dalam beberapa cara yang berbeza. Sebahagian hujah menggunakan perkataan baik, penyayang, pengasih atau bermurah hati secara bergantian. Walaupun penggunaan perkataan berbeza-beza, hujahnya tetap sama. Daripada menggunakan perkataan baik, istilah seperti penyayang, pengasih, bermurah hati dan sebagainya juga boleh digunakan. Masalah kejahatan mengandaikan bahawa konsep tradisional tentang Tuhan mesti merangkumi suatu sifat yang membawa maksud bahawa Tuhan tidak mahukan kejahatan dan penderitaan wujud. Oleh itu, penggunaan perkataan alternatif seperti penyayang, pengasih dan bermurah hati tidak menjejaskan hujah tersebut. 302 The Problem of Evil, slaid University of Notre Dame. Boleh didapati di: https://www3.nd.edu/~dpattill/Courses/Intro%20Fall%2015/Slides/Problem%20of%20Evil%20Slides.pdf [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2020].

301 The problem of evil and suffering argument has been expressed in a number of different ways. Some of the arguments use the words good, merciful, loving or kind interchangeably. Despite the varying use of words, the argument remains the same. Instead of using the word good, terms such as merciful, loving, kind, etc., can also be used. The problem of evil assumes that the traditional concept of God must include an attribute that would imply God does not want evil and suffering to exist. Hence, using alternative words such as merciful, loving and kind do not affect the argument. 302 The Problem of Evil, University of Notre Damme slides. Available at: https://www3.nd.edu/~dpattill/Courses/Intro%20Fall%2015/Slides/Problem%20of% 20Evil%20Slides.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2020].

Ibid.

303 Ibid.

Ibid.

304 Ibid.

305 Ibid.

Ibid.

306 Ibid.

307 Andaian ini telah disesuaikan daripada perbincangan Profesor William Lane Craig mengenai masalah kejahatan. Moreland, J. P. dan Craig, W. L. (2003). Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Downers Grove, Ill, InterVarsity Press. Lihat bab 27.

307 This assumption has been adapted from Professor William Lane Craig’s treatment on the problem of evil. Moreland, J. P. and Craig, W. L. (2003). Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Downers Grove, Ill, InterVarsity Press. See chapter 27.

308 Shaha, A. (2012). The Young Atheist's Handbook, hlm. 51.

308 Shaha, A. (2012). The Young Atheist’s Handbook, p. 51.

309 Bahagian cerita ini menunjukkan rahmat Tuhan. Semua kanak-kanak memasuki syurga—yang merupakan kebahagiaan abadi—tanpa mengira kepercayaan dan perbuatan mereka. Oleh itu, Tuhan mengilhamkan lelaki itu untuk membunuh budak lelaki tersebut harus difahami melalui kanta rahmat dan belas kasihan.

309 This part of the story shows God’s mercy. All children enter paradise—which is eternal bliss—regardless of their beliefs and actions. Therefore, God inspiring the man to kill the boy is to be understood through the lens of mercy and compassion.

310 Al-Qur'an, Surah 18, Ayat 65 hingga 82.

310 The Qur’an, Chapter 18, Verses 65 to 82.

311 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Atheem. Jil. 5, hlm. 181.

311 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Atheem. Vol 5, p. 181.

312 Ibid.

313 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (2004). Majmu' al-Fatawa Shaykhul Islam Ahmad bin Taymiyyah. Jil. 14, hlm. 266.

313 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (2004). Majmu’ al-Fatawa Shaykhul Islam Ahmad bin Taymiyyah. Vol 14, p. 266.

314 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1986). Minhaj al-Sunnah. Disunting oleh Muhammad Rashad Salim. Riyadh: Jami'ah al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud al-Islamiyah. Jilid 3, m.s. 142.

314 Ibn Taymiyyah, A. (1986). Minhaj al-Sunnah. Edited by Muhammad Rashad Salim. Riyadh: Jami’ah al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud al-Islamiyah. Vol 3, p142.

315 Dipetik dalam Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, hlm. 4.

315 Cited in Hoover, J. (2007). Ibn Taymiyya’s Theodicy of Perpetual Optimism. Leiden: Brill, p.4.

316 Al-Qur'an, Surah 51, Ayat 56.

316 The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.

317 Al-Quran, Surah 67, Ayat 2.

317 The Qur’an, Chapter 67, Verse 2.

318 Al-Qur'an, Surah 39, Ayat 7.

318 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 7.

Diriwayatkan oleh Tirmidhi.

319 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

320 Al-Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 214.

320 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 214.

321 Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 286.

321 The Qur’an Chapter 2, Verse 286.

322 Al-Qur’an, Surah 5, Ayat 100.

322 The Qur’an, Chapter 5, Verse 100.

323 Shuʿab al-Iman karya Al-Bayhaqi, yang disandarkan (ditelusuri sanadnya) kepada Al-Hasan Al-Basri, yang menisbahkannya kepada Nabi Muhammad ﷺ. Para ulama telah menilai hadis Nabawi ini sebagai hasan; tingkat keautentikannya adalah baik.

323 Al-Bayhaqi’s Shuʿab al-Iman, traced back to Al-Hasan Al-Basri, who ascribes it to the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. The scholars have graded this Prophetic tradition as hasan; its level of authenticity is good.

324 Al-Quran, Surah 57, Ayat 20.

324 The Qur’an, Chapter 57, Verse 20.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

325 Narrated by Muslim.

326 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

326 Narrated by Bukhari.

327 Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

327 Narrated by Muslim.

328 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari. 329 Sesiapa yang cuba melakukan pengeboman berani mati atau terlibat dalam keganasan, lalu mati akibatnya, tidak dianggap sebagai syahid. Perbuatan-perbuatan jahat ini diharamkan dalam Islam.

328 Narrated by Bukhari. 329 Anyone that attempts suicide bombing or engages in terrorism and dies as a result is not considered a martyr. These evil acts are forbidden in Islam.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

330 Narrated by Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad.

331 Narrated by Ahmad.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

332 Narrated by Muslim.

333 Ibid.

Ibid.

334 Ibid.

335 Gauch, H. G, Jr. (2012). Scientific Method in Brief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 98.

335 Gauch, H. G, Jr. (2012). Scientific Method in Brief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 98.

336 Farhad, A. (2013). Richard Dawkins - science works bitches! Available at:

https://youtu.be/0OtFSDKrq88?t=73 [Diakses pada 2 Oktober 2016].

https://youtu.be/0OtFSDKrq88?t=73 [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

337 Russell, B. (1935). Religion and Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 8.

337 Russell, B. (1935). Religion and Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 8.

338 Diadaptasi daripada DPMosteller. (2011). Has science made belief in god unreasonable, J. P. Moreland. Boleh didapati di: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU9iiCqHxbE [Diakses pada 2 Oktober 2016].

338 Adapted from DPMosteller. (2011). Has science made belief in god unreasonable, J. P. Moreland. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU9iiCqHxbE [Accessed 2nd October 2016].

339 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. Dalam: Psillos, S dan Curd, M, ed., The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, hlm. 137-138.

339 Sober, E. (2010). Empiricism. In: Psillos, S and Curd, M, ed, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, pp. 137-138.

340 Darwin, C. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. Edisi ke-2, hlm. 99. Boleh didapati di: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

340 Darwin, C. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2nd Edition, p. 99. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2300 [Accessed 4th October 2016].

341 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Didapati di: https://youtu.be/uSwJuOPG4FI?t=4161 [Diakses pada 18 Oktober 2016] 342 Johnson, R. (2013). Rational Morality: A Science of Right and Wrong. Great Britain: Dangerous Little Books, hlm. 19-20.

341 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Available at: https://youtu.be/uSwJuOPG4FI?t=4161 [Accessed 18th October 2016] 342 Johnson, R. (2013). Rational Morality: A Science of Right and Wrong. Great Britain: Dangerous Little Books, pp. 19-20.

343 Craig, W.L. (2011). Is Scientism Self-Refuting. Available at: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/is-scientism-self-refuting [Accessed 4th October 2016].

344 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority. New York: Oxford University Press, hlm. 3.

344 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3.

345 Lackey, J. (2006). Introduction. Dalam: Lackey, J. dan Sosa, E. (ed.). The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 2. 346 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, hlm. 10.

345 Lackey, J. (2006). Introduction. In: Lackey, J. and Sosa, E. (ed.). The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 2. 346 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, p 10.

Coady, C. A. (1992). Testimony: A Philosophical Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 82.

347 Coady, C. A. (1992). Testimony: A Philosophical Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 82.

348 Lihat Shapiro, J. A. (2011). Evolution: A View from the 21st Century. New Jersey: FT Press; Pigliucci, M. and Muller, G. B. (ed). (2010). Evolution: The Extended Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; dan Godfrey-Smith, P. (2014). Philosophy of Biology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

348 See Shapiro, J. A. (2011). Evolution: A View from the 21st Century. New Jersey: FT Press; Pigliucci, M. and Muller, G. B. (ed). (2010). Evolution: The Extended Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; and Godfrey-Smith, P. (2014). Philosophy of Biology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Barker, G. dan Kitcher, P. (2013). Philosophy of Science: A New Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2014, hlm. 17.

349 Barker, G. and Kitcher, P. (2013). Philosophy of Science: A New Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2014, p. 17.

350 Annas, J. dan Barnes, J. (1994). Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Scepticism. New York: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 123.

350 Annas, J. and Barnes, J. (1994). Sextus Empiricus: Outlines of Scepticism. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 123.

351 Hume, D. (2002). Of scepticism with regard to reason. In: Epistemology: Huemer, M, ed, Contemporary Readings. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 298-310. Originally published in Hume, D. (1902) Sceptical doubts concerning the operations of understanding. In: Selby-Bigge, L. A., ed, An enquiry concerning human understanding. In: Enquiries concerning human understanding and concerning the principles of morals, 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 298-310.

352 Ibid, hlm. 305.

352 Ibid, p. 305.

353 Ibid, hlm. 304-5.

353 Ibid, pp. 304-5.

354 Rosenburg, A. (2012). Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge, hlm. 182.

354 Rosenburg, A. (2012). Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge, p. 182.

355 Okasha, S. (2002). Philosophy of Science, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 77.

355 Okasha, S. (2002). Philosophy of Science, A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 77.

Stewart, R. B. (2007). Intelligent Design: William A. Dembski & Michael Ruse in Dialogue. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, p.37.

356 Stewart, R. B. (2007). Intelligent Design: William A. Dembski & Michael Ruse in Dialogue. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, p.37.

357 Moreland, J. P. (2009). The Recalcitrant Imago Dei. London: SCM Press, h. 4.

357 Moreland, J. P. (2009). The Recalcitrant Imago Dei. London: SCM Press, p. 4.

Todd, Scott. C. (1999). A View from Kansas on that Evolution Debate. Correspondence to Nature. 401 (6752): 423, 30 Sept. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/46661 [Accessed 10th May 2018].

358 Todd, Scott. C. (1999). A View from Kansas on that Evolution Debate. Correspondence to Nature. 401 (6752): 423, 30 Sept. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/46661 [Accessed 10th May 2018].

359 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Didapat daripada: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI#t=7247 [Diakses pada 2

359 iERA. (2013). Lawrence Krauss vs Hamza Tzortzis - Islam vs. Atheism Debate. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSwJuOPG4FI#t=7247 [Accessed 2

[nd Oktober 2016].

nd October 2016].

360 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, seksyen 88. Boleh didapati di: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

360 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 88. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

361 Fricker, E. (2006). Testimony and Epistemic Autonomy. Dalam: Jennifer Lackey, J dan Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 244.

361 Fricker, E. (2006). Testimony and Epistemic Autonomy. In: Jennifer Lackey, J and Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 244.

362 Lehrer, K. (2006). Testimony and Trustworthiness. Dalam: Jennifer Lackey, J dan Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony, hlm. 145.

362 Lehrer, K. (2006). Testimony and Trustworthiness. In: Jennifer Lackey, J and Sosa, E, ed, The Epistemology of Testimony, p.145.

363 Ibid, hlm. 149.

363 Ibid, p.149.

364 Ibid, hlm. 150.

364 Ibid, p.150.

Ibid.

365 Ibid.

366 Ibid.

367 Ibid, hlm. 151.

367 Ibid, p.151.

368 Ibid, hlm. 156.

368 Ibid, p.156.

369 Ibid, hlm. 156-157.

369 Ibid, pp. 156-157.

370 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, hlm. 66.

370 McMyler, B. (2011). Testimony, Truth and Authority, p 66.

371 Ibid, hlm. 69.

371 Ibid, p 69.

372 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, seksyen 91. Boleh didapati di: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

372 Hume, D. (1902). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, section 91. Available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9662/9662-h/9662-h.htm [Accessed 4th October 2016].

373 Ibid, bahagian 99. 374 Lipton, P. (2004). Inference to the Best Explanation. Edisi ke-2. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 56.

373 Ibid, section 99. 374 Lipton, P. (2004). Inference to the Best Explanation. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge, p.56.

375 Ibid, hlm. 64-65.

375 Ibid, pp. 64-65.

376 Harman, G. (1965). The Inference to the Best Explanation. The Philosophical Review, 74(1), pp. 88-95. Also available at: http://people.hss.caltech.edu/~franz/Knowledge%20and%20Reality/PDFs/Gilbert%2

0H.%20Harman%20- %20The%20Inference%20to%20the%20Best%20Explanation.pdf [Diakses pada 4 Oktober 2016].

0H.%20Harman%20- %20The%20Inference%20to%20the%20Best%20Explanation.pdf [Accessed 4th October 2016].

377 Al-Qur'an, Surah 96, Ayat 1.

377 The Qur’an, Chapter 96, Verse 1.

378 Al-Qur'an yang Agung: Sejarah Pemeliharaan yang Unik. (2010). London: Exhibition Islam, hlm. 145-204.

378 The Magnificent Qur’an: A Unique History of Preservation. (2010). London: Exhibition Islam, pp. 145-204.

379 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, hlm. 1875.

379 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.

380 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma'riful Qur'an. Edisi Kedua. Diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Jasan Askari dan Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Jilid 1, hlm. 139-149.

380 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2nd Edition. Translated by Muhammad Jasan Askari and Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139- 149.

381 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences. Diterjemahkan oleh Dr. Mohammad Swaleh Siddiqui. Disemak dan disunting oleh Rafiq Abdur Rehman. Karachi: Darul Ishaat, hlm. 260.

381 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences. Translated by Dr. Mohammad Swaleh Siddiqui. Revised and Edited by Rafiq Abdur Rehman. Karachi: Darul Ishaat, p. 260.

382 Dinukil dalam Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, hlm. 2.

382 Cited in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.

383 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Chapter 6, Section 58. Available at: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm [Accessed 9th October 2016].

384 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fee Sina’atu al-Sh’iar wa Naqdihi. Disunting oleh Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Kaherah: Maktabu al-Khaniji, hlm. 89.

384 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fee Sina’atu al-Sh’iar wa Naqdihi. Edited by Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.

385 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyun al-Akhbar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Jil. 2, hlm. 185.

385 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyun al-Akhbar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.

386 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. Dalam: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, hlm. 108.

386 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.

387 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur'an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, hlm.64.

387 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.

Temu bual peribadi dengan Profesor Angelika Neuwrith dalam bahasa Jerman. Salinan rakaman tersedia atas permintaan.

388 Personal interview with Professor Angelika Neuwrith in German. A copy of the recording is available on request.

389 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.

Disebut dalam Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, hlm. 26.

390 Cited in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.

391 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur'an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, hlm. lv.

391 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.

392 Draz, M. A. (2000). Introduction to the Qur'an. London: I. B. Tauris, p. 90.

392 Draz, M. A. (2000). Introduction to the Qur’an. London: I. B. Tauris, p. 90.

393 Zammit, M. R. (2002). A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur'anic Arabic. Leiden: Brill, hlm. 37.

393 Zammit, M. R. (2002). A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur’anic Arabic. Leiden: Brill, p. 37.

Waliyyullāh, S. (2014). Al-Fawz al-Kabīr fī Uṣūl at-Tafsīr. The Great Victory on Qur'ānic Hermeneutics: A Manual of the Principles and Subtleties of Qur'anic Tafsīr. Diterjemahkan, dengan Pengenalan dan Anotasi oleh Tahir Mahmood Kiani. London: Taha, hlm.160.

394 Waliyyullāh, S. (2014). Al-Fawz al-Kabīr fī Uṣūl at-Tafsīr. The Great Victory on Qur’ānic Hermeneutics: A Manual of the Principles and Subtleties of Qur’anic Tafsīr. Translated, Introduction and Annotated by Tahir Mahmood Kiani. London: Taha, p.160.

Arberry, A. J. (1998). The Koran: Translated with an Introduction by Arthur J. Arberry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. x.

395 Arberry, A. J. (1998). The Koran: Translated with an Introduction by Arthur J. Arberry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. x.

396 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, hlm. 262.

396 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, p. 262.

397 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, hlm. 1881.

397 Al-Suyuṭi. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1881.

Ibid.

398 Ibid.

Lawrence, B. (2006). The Qur’an: A Biography. London: Atlantic Books, hlm. 8.

399 Lawrence, B. (2006). The Qur’an: A Biography. London: Atlantic Books, p 8.

Gibb, H. A. R. (1980). Islam: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press, hlm. 28.

400 Gibb, H. A. R. (1980). Islam: A Historical Survey. Oxford University Press, p. 28.

401 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology. New York: New York University Press, hlm. 31-33.

401 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology. New York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.

402 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.

403 Ibid, hlm. 94.

403 Ibid, p. 94.

404 Dipetik dalam D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.

404 Cited in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.

Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch. Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.

405 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch. Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.

406 Ibid, hlm. 15; dan lihat Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press. 407 Ibid, hlm. 44.

406 Ibid, p.15; and see Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press. 407 Ibid, p. 44.

408 Mabillard, A. (1999). Dasar-dasar soneta Shakespeare: Pentameter iambik dan gaya soneta Inggeris. Boleh didapati di: http://www.shakespeare online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html [Diakses pada 5 Oktober 2016].

408 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style. Available at: http://www.shakespeare online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html [Accessed 5th October 2016].

Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Boleh didapati di: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200 [Diakses pada 9 Oktober 2016].

409 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200 [Accessed 9th October 2016].

Dipetik dalam Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur'an: Themes & Styles. London: I. B. Tauris, hlm. 184.

410 Cited in Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles. London: I. B. Tauris, p. 184.

411 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.

412 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur'an: Themes & Styles, hlm. 185.

412 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.

413 Ibid, hlm. 188.

413 Ibid, p. 188.

414 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p. 99.

Ibid.

415 Ibid.

416 Al-Qur'an, Surah 108, Ayat 1 hingga 3.

416 The Qur’an, Chapter 108, Verses 1 to 3.

417 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur'an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, hlm. 254.

417 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.

418 Dikutip dalam Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an. Birmingham: Al-Hidaayah, hlm. 269. Terjemahan asal telah diubah; nama Allah telah digantikan dengan God.

418 Cited in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham: Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. The original translation has been amended; the name Allah has been replaced with God.

419 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. Dalam: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, hlm. 110.

419 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.

420 Al-Qur'an, Surah 16, Ayat 103.

420 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 103.

421 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Atheem. Jld 4, hlm. 603.

421 Ibn Kathir, I. (1999). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Atheem. Vol 4, p. 603.

422 Vanlancker–Sidtis, D. (2003). Auditory recognition of idioms by native and nonnative speakers of English: It takes one to know one. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, pp. 45–57.

Ibid.

423 Ibid.

424 Hyltenstam, K. dan Abrahamsson, N. (2000). Siapakah yang boleh menjadi seperti penutur asli dalam bahasa kedua? Semua, sebahagian, atau tiada? Studia Linguistica, 54, hlm. 150–166.

424 Hyltenstam, K. and Abrahamsson, N. (2000). Who can become native-like in a second language? All, some, or none? Studia Linguistica, 54, pp. 150–166.

Ali, M. M. (2004). The Qur’an and the Orientalists. Ipswich: Jam’iyat Iḥyaa’ Minhaaj Al-Sunnah, hlm. 14.

425 Ali, M. M. (2004). The Qur’an and the Orientalists. Ipswich: Jam’iyat Iḥyaa’ Minhaaj Al-Sunnah, p. 14.

426 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language, hlm. 108.

426 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language, p. 108.

427 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, hlm. 261.

427 Usmani, M. T. (2000). An Approach to the Quranic Sciences, p. 261.

Draz, M. A. (2001). The Qur'an: An Eternal Challenge. Diterjemah dan disunting oleh Adil Salahi. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, hlm. 83.

428 Draz, M. A. (2001). The Qur’an: An Eternal Challenge. Translated and Edited by Adil Salahi. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, p. 83.

429 Lings, M. (1983). Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, pp. 53-79.

430 Islamic Awareness. (tanpa tarikh). Teks Al-Qur'an. Didapati daripada: http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/ [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

430 Islamic Awareness. (no date). The text of the Qur’an. Available at: http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/ [Accessed 1st October 2016].

431 Arberry, A. J. (1967). Poems of Al-Mutanabbi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 1-18.

431 Arberry, A. J. (1967). Poems of Al-Mutanabbi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-18.

Sebagai contoh, ini boleh termasuk salinan karya seni Picasso. Boleh didapati di: http://www.sohoart.co/artist/Pablo-Picasso.html [Diakses pada 6 Oktober 2016].

432 For example these can include reproductions of Picasso’s art. Available at: http://www.sohoart.co/artist/Pablo-Picasso.html [Accessed 6th October 2016].

433 Lihat Textual Integrity of the Bible. Available at: http://www.islamic awareness.org/Bible/Text/ [Accessed 7th October 2016].

433 See Textual Integrity of the Bible. Available at: http://www.islamic awareness.org/Bible/Text/ [Accessed 7th October 2016].

434 Al-Qur'an, Surah 18, Ayat 109.

434 The Qur’an, Chapter 18, Verse 109.

435 Nama Muhammad disebut empat kali dan Ahmad (salah satu nama beliau yang lain) disebut sekali. Lihat http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=muhammad dan http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=ahmad [Diakses pada 24 Oktober 2016].

435 The name Muhammad is mentioned four times and Ahmad (another one of his names) is mentioned once. See http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=muhammad and http://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=ahmad [Accessed 24th October 2016].

{Muhammad bukanlah bapa kepada mana-mana lelaki di antara kamu; dia adalah utusan Tuhan dan penutup segala Nabi: Tuhan Maha Mengetahui segala sesuatu.} Al-Qur'an, Surah 33, Ayat 40.

436 “Muhammad is not the father of any one of you men; he is God’s messenger and the seal of the Prophets: God knows everything.” The Qur’an, Chapter 33, Verse 40.

437 Al-Quran, Surah 81, Ayat 22.

437 The Qur’an, Chapter 81, Verse 22.

438 Al-Quran, Surah 53, Ayat 2.

438 The Qur’an, Chapter 53, Verse 2.

439 Al-Qur'an, Surah 48, Ayat 29.

439 The Qur’an, Chapter 48, Verse 29.

440 Lings, M. (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, p. 34.

441 Ibid, hlm. 52.

441 Ibid, p. 52.

442 Ibid, hlm. 53 – 79.

442 Ibid, pp. 53 – 79.

443 Watt, W. M. (1953). Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 52.

443 Watt, W. M. (1953). Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 52.

444 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

444 Narrated by Bukhari.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

445 Narrated by Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

446 Narrated by Muslim.

447 Zarabozo, Jamaal al-Din. Jilid 1. (1999). Commentary of the Forty Hadith of An-Nawawi. Al-Basheer Publications and Translations, hlm. 270.

447 Zarabozo, Jamaal al-Din. Volume 1. (1999). Commentary of the Forty Hadith of An-Nawawi. Al-Basheer Publications and Translations, p. 270.

448 Burj Khalifa. (2016). Fakta & angka. Boleh didapati di: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/factsandfigures.aspx [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

448 Burj Khalifa. (2016). Facts & figures. Available at: http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/factsandfigures.aspx [Accessed 1st October 2016].

449 Carrington, D. (2014). Saudi Arabia to Build World's Tallest Tower, Reaching 1 Kilometer into the Sky. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/17/world/meast/saudi-arabia-to-build-tallest building-ever/ [Accessed 1st October 2016].

449 Carrington, D. (2014). Saudi Arabia to Build World’s Tallest Tower, Reaching 1 Kilometer into the Sky. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/17/world/meast/saudi-arabia-to-build-tallest building-ever/ [Accessed 1st October 2016].

450 Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur'an. London: One Reason, hlm. 69-70.

450 Zakariya, A. (2015). The Eternal Challenge: A Journey Through The Miraculous Qur’an. London: One Reason, pp. 69-70.

451 Diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Abi Shaybah. Rangkaian perawi riwayat ini berhenti pada seorang sahabat Nabi Muhammad ﷺ. Para ulama berpendapat bahawa riwayat ini sahih kerana rangkaian perawinya, dan kerana ia merujuk kepada pengetahuan tentang perkara ghaib. Sebahagian ulama pula berpendapat bahawa, secara umumnya, seorang sahabat Nabi ﷺ tidak akan membuat kenyataan mengenai perkara akhirat tanpa berdasarkan ilmu wahyu, seperti sabda atau ajaran Nabi ﷺ sendiri.

451 Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah. The chain of this narration stops at a companion of the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. Scholars maintain that this narration is sound due to its chain of transmission and the fact that it refers to knowledge of the unseen. Some scholars maintain that, in general, a companion of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم would not make a statement concerning eschatology without reference to revealed knowledge, such as the words or teachings of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم himself.

452 Draper, J. W. (1905). History of the Intellectual Development of Europe. New York and London: Harper and Brothers Publishers. Vol 1, pp. 329-330.

453 Lihat M. M Azami. (1978). Studies in Early Hadith Literature. Indianapolis, Indiana: American Trust Publications.

453 See M. M Azami. (1978). Studies in Early Hadith Literature. Indianapolis, Indiana: American Trust Publications.

Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Dawud dan Tirmidzi.

454 Narrated by Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dalam Al-Adab al-Mufrad.

455 Narrated by Bukhari in Al-Adab al-Mufrad.

Diriwayatkan oleh Tirmidzi.

456 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

457 Narrated by Bukhari.

Ibid.

458 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

459 Narrated by Muslim.

460 Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi.

460 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

461 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

462 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

463 Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi.

463 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

464 Diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhari, Muslim, at-Tirmidzi dan Ibnu Majah.

464 Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

465 Narrated by Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Hibban.

466 Narrated by Ibn Hibban.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Majah.

467 Narrated by Ibn Majah.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad.

468 Narrated by Ahmad.

Ibid.

469 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Dawud dan Tirmidhi.

470 Narrated by Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari, Tareekh al-Kabeer.

471 Narrated by Bukhari, Tareekh al-Kabeer.

472 Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tabarani.

472 Narrated by Tabarani.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

473 Narrated by Bukhari.

Ibid.

474 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad dan Tirmidhi.

475 Narrated by Ahmad and Tirmidhi.

476 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

476 Narrated by Bukhari.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari, Muslim dan Ahmad.

477 Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim and Ahmad.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

478 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

479 Narrated by Bukhari.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

480 Narrated by Muslim.

481 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

481 Narrated by Bukhari.

Ibid.

482 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Majah.

483 Narrated by Ibn Majah.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

484 Narrated by Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh Tirmidhi.

485 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

486 Narrated by Muslim.

Ibid.

487 Ibid.

Ibid.

488 Ibid.

489 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

489 Narrated by Bukhari.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

490 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

491 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

491 Narrated by Bukhari.

Ibid.

492 Ibid.

Ibid.

493 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

494 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

495 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

495 Narrated by Bukhari.

Diriwayatkan oleh An-Nasai.

496 Narrated by An-Nasai.

497 Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

497 Narrated by Muslim.

498 Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad.

498 Narrated by Ahmad.

Dipetik dalam Ibn Musa Al-Yahsubi, Q. I. (2006). Muhammad Pesuruh Allah: Ash-Shifa karya Qadi ‘Iyad. Diterjemahkan oleh Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley. Cape Town: Madinah Press, hlm. 55.

499 Cited in Ibn Musa Al-Yahsubi, Q. I. (2006). Muhammad Messenger of Allah: Ash-Shifa of Qadi ‘Iyad. Translated by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley. Cape Town: Madinah Press, p. 55.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

500 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

501 Ibid.

502 Diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Hibban, Tabarani dan Abu Nu'aym.

502 Narrated by Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Hibban, Tabarani and Abu Nu’aym.

Diriwayatkan oleh Muslim.

503 Narrated by Muslim.

504 As-Sallabee, M. A. (2005). The Noble Life of the Prophet. Vol 3. Riyadh: Darussalam, pp. 1707 & 1712.

Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidhi.

505 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Ibid.

506 Ibid.

Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidhi.

507 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Ibid.

508 Ibid.

509 Ibn Qayyim, S. (1998). Zaad al-Ma’ad. Disunting oleh Shuayb Al-Arnaout dan Abdul Qadir Al-Arnaout Jld 3. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risalah, hlm. 50-51. Salinan dalam talian boleh diakses di: http://ia801308.us.archive.org/0/items/FP37672/03_37674.pdf [Diakses pada 1

509 Ibn Qayyim, S. (1998). Zaad al-Ma’ad. Edited by Shuayb Al-Arnaout and Abdul Qadir Al-Arnaout Vol 3. Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Risalah, pp. 50-51. An online copy can be accessed at: http://ia801308.us.archive.org/0/items/FP37672/03_37674.pdf [Accessed 1

[pada 1 Oktober 2016].

st October 2016].

510 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

510 Narrated by Bukhari.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari, Muslim dan Ahmad.

511 Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim and Ahmad.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

512 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Majah dan al-Hakim.

513 Narrated by Ibn Maajah and al-Haakim.

514 Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi.

514 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim.

515 Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

Diriwayatkan oleh At-Tirmidzi.

516 Narrated by Tirmidhi.

517 Ibid.

518 Al-Quran, Surah 5, Ayat 8.

518 The Qur’an, Chapter 5, Verse 8.

519 Al-Quran, Surah 4, Ayat 135.

519 The Qur’an, Chapter 4, Verse 135.

520 Al-Qur'an, Surah 90, Ayat 12 hingga 18.

520 The Qur’an, Chapter 90, Verses 12 to 18.

521 Ibn Hisham, A. (1955) as-Sira an-Nabawiyya. Cairo: Mustafa Al-Halabi & Sons. Jil. 1, hlm. 501-504.

521 Ibn Hisham, A. (1955) as-Sira an-Nabawiyya. Cairo: Mustafa Al-Halabi & Sons. Vol 1, pp. 501-504.

Armstrong, K. (1997). A History of Jerusalem: One City Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, hlm. 245.

522 Armstrong, K. (1997). A History of Jerusalem: One City Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, p. 245.

523 Cohen, A. (1994). A World Within: Jewish Life as Reflected in Muslim Court Documents from the Sijill of Jerusalem (XVIth Century). Part One. Philadelphia:

Pusat Kajian Yahudi, Universiti Pennsylvania, hlm. 22-23.

The Center for Judaic Studies, University of Pennsylvania, pp. 22-23.

524 Tabari, M, S. (1967). Tarikh Tabari: Tarikh ar-Rusul wal-Muluk. Disunting oleh Muhammad Ibrahim. Jld 3. 3

524 Tabari, M, S. (1967). Tarikh Tabari: Tarikh ar-Rusul wal- Muluk. Edited by Muhammad Ibrahim. Vol 3. 3

rd Edition. Cairo, Dar al-Ma’aarif, p. 609. On online copy can be accessed at: Edisi ke-3. Kaherah, Dar al-Ma’aarif, hlm. 609. Salinan dalam talian boleh diakses di:

rd Edition. Cairo, Dar al-Ma’aarif, p. 609. On online copy can be accessed at:

I'm not able to open links or access the file at that address, so I can't translate its contents. The message you sent contains only a URL and a partial access date ("[Accessed 1"). If you paste the text you want translated into Malay here, I'll translate it following the rules you set: keeping ﷺ and (SWT) as they are, and adding ﷺ after each mention of the Prophet Muhammad.

https://ia802500.us.archive.org/21/items/WAQ17280/trm03.pdf [Accessed 1

[pada 1 Oktober 2016].

st October 2016].

Dipetik dalam Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations. Gloucester: Sutton Publishing, hlm. 17.

525 Cited in Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations. Gloucester: Sutton Publishing, p. 17.

526 Diriwayatkan oleh Yahya bin Adam dalam kitab al-Kharaaj.

526 Narrated by Yahya b. Adam in the book of al-Kharaaj.

Diriwayatkan oleh Al-Tabarani dalam Al-Mu'jam Al-Awsat.

527 Reported by Al-Tabarani in Al-Mu’jam Al-Awsat.

528 Al-Qaraafi, A. (1998). Al-Furuq. Jil. 3. Edisi ke-1. Disunting oleh Khalil Al-Mansur. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, m.s. 29. Salinan dalam talian boleh diakses di: http://ia600203.us.archive.org/27/items/Forwq_Qarafy/Forwq_Qarafy_03.pdf [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

528 Al-Qaraafi, A. (1998). Al-Furuq. Vol 3. 1st Edition. Edited by Khalil Al-Mansur. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, p. 29. An online copy can be accessed at: http://ia600203.us.archive.org/27/items/Forwq_Qarafy/Forwq_Qarafy_03.pdf [Accessed 1st October 2016].

529 Al-Qur'an, Surah 21, Ayat 107.

529 The Qur’an, Chapter 21, Verse 107.

530 Al-Qur'an, Surah 7, Ayat 156.

530 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 156.

531 Dipetik dalam Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations, m.s. 17.

531 Cited in Walker, C. J. (2005). Islam and the West: A Dissonant Harmony of Civilisations, p. 17.

Dozy, R. (1913). A History of Muslims in Spain. London: Chatto & Windus, p. 235.

532 Dozy, R. (1913). A History of Muslims in Spain. London: Chatto & Windus, p. 235.

Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co., hlm. 56.

533 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co., p. 56.

534 Al-Qur'an, Surah 2, Ayat 256.

534 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 256.

535 Bonner, M. (2006). Jihad in Islamic History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 89-90.

Hallaq, W. B. (2009). Sharia: Theory, Practice and Transformations. New York: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 332.

536 Hallaq, W. B. (2009). Sharia: Theory, Practice and Transformations. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 332.

537 Ibn Zanjawiyah, H, S. (1986) Kitab al-Amwaal. Disunting oleh Shakir Fiyadh. Makkah: Markaz al-Malik Faisal, hlm. 169-170.

537 Ibn Zanjawiyah, H, S. (1986) Kitab al-Amwaal. Edited by Shakir Fiyadh. Makkah: Markaz al-Malik Faisal, pp. 169-170.

538 Mansel, P. (1995). Constantinople: City of the World's desire, 1453-1924. London: Penguin Books, hlm. 15.

538 Mansel, P. (1995). Constantinople: City of the World’s desire, 1453-1924. London: Penguin Books, p. 15.

539 Al-Qur'an, Surah 49, Ayat 13.

539 The Qur’an, Chapter 49, Verse 13.

Hafiz ibn Hibban meriwayatkan dalam al-Sahih, melalui sanadnya, daripada Fadalah ibn Ubayd, dan Baihaqi juga (meriwayatkannya).

540 Hafiz ibn Hibban reported in al-Sahih, via his isnad, from Fadalah ibn Ubayd and Baihaqi.

541 Gibb, H. A. R. (2012). Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern Movements in the Moslem World. Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 379. 542 Toynbee, A. J. (1948). Civilization on Trial. New York: Oxford University Press, hlm. 205.

541 Gibb, H. A. R. (2012). Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern Movements in the Moslem World. Abingdon: Routledge, p. 379. 542 Toynbee, A. J. (1948). Civilization on Trial. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 205.

543 Robinson, V. (1936). The Story of Medicine. New York: Tudor Publishing Company, h. 164. 544 Sabry, W. M., & Vohra, A. (2013). Role of Islam in the management of Psychiatric disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(Suppl 2), S205–S214. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105534.

543 Robinson, V. (1936). The Story of Medicine. New York: Tudor Publishing Company, p. 164. 544 Sabry, W. M., & Vohra, A. (2013). Role of Islam in the management of Psychiatric disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(Suppl 2), S205–S214. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105534.

545 Badri, M. (2013). Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi’s Sustenance of the Soul: The Cognitive Behavior Therapy of a Ninth Century Physician. Surrey: International Institute of Islamic Thought.

546 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

546 Narrated by Bukhari.

547 Al-Qur'an, Surah 10, Ayat 24.

547 The Qur’an, Chapter 10, Verse 24.

548 Al-Qur'an, Surah 96, Ayat 1 hingga 5.

548 The Qur'an, Chapter 96, Verses 1 to 5.

549 Al-Qur'an, Surah 39, Ayat 9.

549 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 9.

550 Al-Qur'an, Surah 88, Ayat 17 hingga 20.

550 The Qur’an, Chapter 88, Verses 17 to 20.

551 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 190 dan 191.

551 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verses 190 and 191.

552 Lihat Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Publishing.

552 See Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Publishing.

553 Lindberg, David C. (1992). The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, hlm. 362-363.

553 Lindberg, David C. (1992). The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 362-363.

Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist, hlm. 27.

554 Steffens, B. (2007). Ibn Al-Haytham: First Scientist, p. 27.

555 Untuk butiran lanjut, lihat Al-Djazairi, S. E. (2005). The Hidden Debt to Islamic Civilisation. Oxford: Bayt Al-Hikma Press; Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press.

555 For details see Al-Djazairi, S. E. (2005). The Hidden Debt to Islamic Civilisation. Oxford: Bayt Al-Hikma Press; Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press.

556 Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press, h. 1.

556 Saliba, G. (2007). Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance. Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 1.

557 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam, hlm. 112.

557 Arnold, T. (1896). The Preaching of Islam, p. 112.

558 Hewlett Packard. (2001). Carly Fiorina Speeches. Technology, Business and Our Way of Life: What's Next. Tersedia di: http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.html [Diakses pada 10 September 2016].

558 Hewlett Packard. (2001). Carly Fiorina Speeches. Technology, Business and Our Way of Life: What’s Next. Available at: http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.html [Accessed 10th September 2016].

559 Smith, A. (1869). The Essays of Adam Smith. London: Alex Murray, p. 353.

Ibn Qayyim, S. (2005). Al-Wabil al-Sayib. Disunting oleh Abdullah Qaa’ir dan Bakr Abu Zayd. Makkah: Dar Alim al-Fawa’id, hlm. 109. Anda boleh memuat turun salinan dalam talian di: http://www.ajurry.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=26489&d=1363130186 [Diakses pada 1 Oktober 2016].

560 Ibn Qayyim, S. (2005). Al-Wabil al-Sayib. Edited by Abdullah Qaa’ir and Bakr Abu Zayd. Makkah: Dar Alim al-Fawa’id, p. 109. You can download an online copy at: http://www.ajurry.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=26489&d=1363130186 [Accessed 1st October 2016].

561 Al-Qur'an, Surah 47, Ayat 19.

561 The Qur’an, Chapter 47, Verse 19.

562 Al-Qur'an, Surah 7, Ayat 180.

562 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 180.

563 Al-Qur'an, Surah 4, Ayat 48.

563 The Qur’an, Chapter 4, Verse 48.

564 Al-Quran, Surah 25, Ayat 68 dan 70.

564 The Qur’an, Chapter 25, Verses 68 and 70.

565 Al-Qur'an, Surah 23, Ayat 99 dan 100.

565 The Qur’an, Chapter 23, Verses 99 and 100.

566 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 117.

566 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 117.

567 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 182.

567 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 182.

568 Ini berdasarkan hadis sahih berikut yang diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad dan Ibn Hibban: "Ada empat golongan yang akan membantah (di hadapan Allah) pada Hari Kiamat: orang tuli yang tidak pernah mendengar apa-apa, orang gila, orang yang sangat tua, dan orang yang mati pada zaman fatrah (jeda masa antara zaman Isa (alaihissalam) dan zaman Muhammad ﷺ). Orang tuli itu akan berkata, 'Ya Tuhanku, Islam telah datang tetapi aku tidak pernah mendengar apa-apa.' Orang gila itu akan berkata, 'Ya Tuhanku, Islam telah datang tetapi kanak-kanak mengejar dan melontar batu kepadaku.' Orang yang sangat tua itu akan berkata, 'Ya Tuhanku, Islam telah datang tetapi aku tidak memahami apa-apa.' Orang yang mati pada zaman fatrah itu akan berkata, 'Ya Tuhanku, tidak ada seorang Rasul daripada-Mu yang datang kepadaku.' Maka Allah akan menerima janji ketaatan mereka, kemudian diperintahkan kepada mereka supaya masuk ke dalam Neraka. Demi Dia yang jiwa Muhammad berada di tangan-Nya, sekiranya mereka memasukinya, nescaya ia menjadi sejuk dan selamat bagi mereka." Terdapat hadis-hadis lain dan ayat-ayat al-Quran yang menunjukkan bahawa Allah tidak akan membenarkan sesiapa pun memasuki neraka sehinggalah manusia telah diberikan mesej Islam yang benar.

568 This is based on the following authentic tradition narrated by Ahmad and Ibn Hibban: “There are four (who will protest) to God on the Day of Resurrection: the deaf man who never heard anything, the insane man, the very old man, and the man who died during the fatrah (the interval between the time of Jesus (upon whom be peace) and the time of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. The deaf man will say, ‘O Lord, Islam came but I never heard anything.’ The insane man will say, ‘O Lord, Islam came but the children ran after me and threw stones at me.’ The very old man will say, ‘O Lord, Islam came but I did not understand anything.’ The man who died during the fatrah will say, ‘O Lord, no Messenger from You came to me.’ He will accept their promises of obedience, then word will be sent to them to enter the Fire. By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, if they enter it, it will be cool and safe for them.” There are other hadiths and verses of the Qur’an that indicate that God will not allow anyone to enter hell until people have been given the correct message of Islam.

569 Al-Ghazali, M. A. (1993). Fayasl al-Tafriqa Bayn al-Islam wa-l-Zandaqa. Disunting oleh M. Bejou. Damsyik, hlm. 84. Salinan dalam talian boleh didapati di: http://ghazali.org/books/fiysal-bejou.pdf [Diakses pada 21 November 2016].

569 Al-Ghazali, M. A. (1993). Fayasl al-Tafriqa Bayn al-Islam wa-l-Zandaqa. Edited by M. Bejou. Damascus, p. 84. An online copy is available at: http://ghazali.org/books/fiysal-bejou.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2016].

Ibid.

570 Ibid.

571 Al-Qur'an, Surah 3, Ayat 113. Ayat ini merujuk kepada 'ahli kitab'. Namun, prinsipnya terpakai kepada semua golongan manusia.

571 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 113. This verse refers to the ‘people of the book’. However, the principle applies to all groups of people.

Ibid.

572 Ibid.

573 Diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari.

573 Narrated by Bukhari.

574 Al-Qur'an, Surah 7, Ayat 55.

574 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 55.

575 Al-Quran, Surah 40, Ayat 65.

575 The Qur’an, Chapter 40, Verse 65.

576 Al-Quran, Surah 20, Ayat 14.

576 The Qur’an, Chapter, 20, Verse 14.

577 Al-Qur'an, Surah 2, Ayat 29.

577 The Qur’an, Chapter 2, Verse 29.

578 Al-Qur'an, Surah Al-A'raf, Ayat 191.

578 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 191.

579 Al-Quran, Surah 35, Ayat 3.

579 The Qur’an, Chapter 35, Verse 3.

580 Al-Qur'an, Surah 96, Ayat 6 dan 7.

580 The Qur’an, Chapter 96, Verses 6 and 7.

Al-Qur'an, Surah 92, Ayat 8 hingga 12.

581 The Qur’an, Chapter 92, Verses 8 to 12.

582 Al-Qur'an, Surah 14, Ayat 34.

582 The Qur’an, Chapter 14, Verse 34.

583 Fromm, E. (1956). The Art of Loving. New York: Harper & Row, hlm. 58-59.

583 Fromm, E. (1956). The Art of Loving. New York: Harper & Row, pp. 58-59.

584 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment. Diterjemahkan dengan pengenalan dan nota oleh Eric Ormsby. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, hlm. 25.

584 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment. Translated with an introduction and notes by Eric Ormsby. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, p. 25.

585 Al-Qur'an, Surah 7, Ayat 156.

585 The Qur’an, Chapter 7, Verse 156.

586 Al-Qur'an, Surah 55, Ayat 1 dan 2.

586 The Qur’an, Chapter 55, Verses 1 and 2.

587 Al-Quran, Surah 85, Ayat 14.

587 The Qur’an, Chapter 85, Verse 14.

Diriwayatkan oleh Abu Dawud.

588 Narrated by Abu Dawud.

589 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, hlm. 23.

589 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, p. 23.

590 Al-Quran, Surah 3, Ayat 31.

590 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 31.

591 Al-Qur'an, Surah 51, Ayat 56.

591 The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.

Ketaatan kepada Nabi Muhammad ﷺ adalah akibat daripada mentaati Allah, kerana Dia memerintahkan kita untuk berbuat demikian.

592 Obedience to the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم is a consequence of obeying God, as He commands us to do so.

593 Al-Quran, Surah 3, Ayat 132.

593 The Qur’an, Chapter 3, Verse 132.

594 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, hlm. 120-121.

594 Al-Ghazali. (2011). Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, pp. 120-121.

Ibid, hlm. 123.

595 Ibid, p. 123.

596 Mahali, J dan Al-Suyuti J. (2001). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, hlm. 302. 597 Al-Qur'an, Surah 11, Ayat 118 dan 119.

596 Mahali, J and Al-Suyuti J. (2001). Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, p. 302. 597 The Qur’an, Chapter 11, Verses 118 and 119.

598 Al-Qur'an, Surah 25, Ayat 43 dan 44.

598 The Qur’an, Chapter 25, Verses 43 and 44.

599 Twenge JM & Kasser T. Generational changes in materialism and work centrality, 1976-2007: Associations with temporal changes in societal insecurity and materialistic role modeling. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2013, 39 (7) pp. 883-897.

600 Opree SJ, Buijzen M, & Valkenburg PM. Lower life satisfaction related to materialism in children frequently exposed to advertising. Pediatrics. 2012, 130 (3) pp. 486-e491. 601 The Qur'an, Chapter 59, Verse 19.

602 Al-Qur'an, Surah 39, Ayat 29.

602 The Qur’an, Chapter 39, Verse 29.

603 Dipetik dalam Riffat, H. (1968). The Main Philosophical Idea in the Writings of Muhammad Iqbal (1877 – 1938). Durham theses, Durham University. Boleh didapati di: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7986/2/7986_4984-vol2.PDF?UkUDh:CyT [Diakses pada 6 Oktober 2016].

603 Cited in Riffat, H. (1968). The Main Philosophical Idea in the Writings of Muhammad Iqbal (1877 – 1938). Durham theses, Durham University. Available at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7986/2/7986_4984-vol2.PDF?UkUDh:CyT [Accessed 6th October 2016].

604 Struktur dan kandungan bab ini telah disesuaikan daripada Reminders From Yusuf, H. (2016). Best of Hamza Yusuf. Boleh didapati di: https://youtu.be/KUzjHU-g7E0 [Diakses pada 24 Oktober 2016].

604 The structure and content of this chapter have been adapted from Reminders From Yusuf, H. (2016). Best of Hamza Yusuf. Available at: https://youtu.be/KUzjHU-g7E0 [Accessed 24th October 2016].

605 Al-Qur'an, Surah 82, Ayat 6.

605 The Qur’an, Chapter 82, Verse 6.

606 Al-Qur'an, Surah 20, Ayat 44.

606 The Qur’an, Chapter 20, Verse 44.

607 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami' al-Ahkaam al-Qur'an, hlm. 65.

607 Al-Qurtubi, M. (2006). Al-Jaami’ al-Ahkaam al-Qur’an, p. 65.

608 Al-Qur'an, Surah 16, Ayat 125.

608 The Qur’an, Chapter 16, Verse 125.

609 Al-Zamakhshari, J. (2009). Tafsir al-Kashshaaf ’an Haqa’iq at-Tanzil. Disunting oleh Khalil Shayhaa. Beirut: Darul Marefah, hlm. 588.

609 Al-Zamakhshari, J. (2009). Tafsir al-Kashshaaf ’an Haqa’iq at-Tanzil. Edited by Khalil Shayhaa. Beirut: Darul Marefah, p. 588.

610 Al-Qur'an, Surah 14, Ayat 24 hingga 27.

610 The Qur’an, Chapter 14, Verses 24 to 27.

611 Al-Qur'an, Surah 41, Ayat 34

611 The Qur’an, Chapter 41, Verse 34