Allah, o Altíssimo, diz:

Allah the Almighty says:

{Certamente havia para os de Saba um sinal em sua morada: dois jardins à direita e à esquerda; (e foi-lhes dito:) "Comei do sustento de vosso Senhor e agradecei-Lhe. Uma terra agradável e um Senhor Perdoador!" Mas eles se afastaram (da obediência a Allah), então Nós enviamos contra eles Sail Al-'Arim (a inundação liberada da represa), e transformamos seus dois jardins em jardins que produziam frutos amargos e ruins, tamargueiras e alguns poucos lótus.}

{Indeed there was for Saba' (Sheba) a sign in their dwelling-place -two gardens on the right hand and on the left,; (and it was said to them:) "Eat of the provision of your Lord, and be grateful to Him.' A fair land and an Oft-Forgiving Lord! But they turned away (from the obedience of Allah), so We sent against them Sail AI-'Arim (flood released from the dam), and We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lotetrees.

Assim Lhes retribuímos por serem ingratos, descrentes. E não castigamos assim senão os ingratos (descrentes). E colocamos, entre eles e as cidades que abençoamos, cidades visíveis, e tornamos fáceis as etapas (da viagem) entre elas, (dizendo): "Viajai por elas, seguros, de noite e de dia." Mas eles disseram: "Senhor nosso! Torna mais distantes as etapas da nossa viagem", e prejudicaram a si mesmos; por isso Nós os transformamos em histórias (na terra) e os dispersamos totalmente.

Like this We requited them because they were ungrateful disbelievers. And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful (disbelievers). And We placed, between them and the towns which We had blessed, towns easy to be seen, and We made the stages (of journey) between them easy (saying): "Travel in them safely both by night and day." But they said: "Our Lord! Make the stages between our journey longer," and they wronged themselves; so We made them as tales (in the land), and We dispersed them all totally.

Em verdade, nisto há sinais para todo aquele que é paciente e grato.

Verily, in this are indeed signs for every steadfast, grateful (person)}.

(Sabá, 15-19)

(Saba', 15-19)

Os estudiosos da genealogia — entre eles Muhammad ibn Ishaq — disseram: o nome de Saba' é `Abd Shams ibn Yashjub ibn Ya`rub ibn Qahtan. Ele foi o primeiro a tomar cativos e era muito generoso com o povo. As-Suhaili disse: diz-se que ele foi a primeira pessoa a ser coroada, e alguns estudiosos disseram que ele era muçulmano e que compôs poesia na qual anunciava a boa nova da vinda do Profeta Muhammad ﷺ. Este último dito foi atribuído a Ibn Didya em seu livro intitulado: [At-Tanwir fi Maulid Al-Bashir An- Nadhir]. O Imam Ahmed disse: Abu `Abdur Rahman me transmitiu, depois de `Abdullah ibn Luhai`ah, depois de `Abdullah ibn Da`lah, dizendo: ouvi `Abdullah ibn Al-`Abbas dizer: um homem perguntou ao Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ sobre Saba', se era um homem, uma mulher ou o nome de uma terra? Ele ﷺ disse: Na verdade, ele era um homem ao qual nasceram dez filhos. Seis deles habitaram o Iêmen e quatro Sham (Síria). Os que habitaram o Iêmen foram: Madhhaj, Kindah, Al-Azd, Al-Ash`ariyun, Anmar e Himyar. E os que habitaram a Síria foram: Laghm, Judham, `Amilah e Ghassan." O questionador foi Farwah ibn Musaik Al-Ghatifi.

Scholars of genealogy -among them was Muhammad Ibn Ishaq -said: the name of Saba' is `Abd Shams Ibn Yashjub Ibn Ya`rub Ibn Qahtan. He was the first to take captives and he was very generous to the people. As-Suhaili said: it is said that he was the first person to be crowned, and some scholars said he was Muslim and that he composed poetry in which he brought good news to the advent of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). This last saying was attributed to Ibn Didya in his book titled: [At-Tanwir fi Maulid Al-Bashir An- Nadhir] Imam Ahmed said: I have been told by Abu `Abdur Rahman, after `Abdullah Ibn Luhai` ah, after `Abdullah Ibn Da`lah saying: I heard `Abdullah Ibn Al- `Abbas as saying: A man asked Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) about Saba', whether it was a man, a woman, or a name of a land? He (Peace be upon him) said: Verily, he was a man to whom ten sons were born. Six thereof inhabited the Yemen andfour Sham (Syria). Those in Yemen were: Madhhaj, Kindah, Al-Azd, Al-Ash `ariyun, Anmar and Himyar. And those who inhabited Syria were: Laghm, Judham, `Amilah and Ghassan." The Questioner was Farwah Ibn Musaik Al-Ghatifi.

Isto significa que o termo Saba' abrange todas essas tribos; entre elas estavam também os At-Tababi`ah (sing. Tubba`) no Iêmen. Os seus reis costumavam usar coroas, como faziam os reis da Pérsia. Os árabes costumavam chamar Tubba` a quem quer que governasse o Iêmen e Hadramaut, da mesma forma que chamavam "Caesar" aos reis de Sham (Síria) e da Península Arábica, "Khusrau" ao governante da Pérsia, Fir`aun (Faraó) ao governante do Egito, "Negus" ao governante da Abissínia, e "Ptolemes" ao governante da Índia. Bilqis era uma das rainhas dos reis de Himyar que governaram o Iêmen. Viviam em felicidade e tranquilidade, com abundância de sustento: frutos, plantas, etc., e eram um povo virtuoso que seguia o Caminho Reto. Porém, quando alteraram a Graça de Allah e a negaram, atraíram inevitavelmente para si mesmos e para os seus povos a destruição e a devastação.

This means that the term Saba' covers all these tribes; among them also were At- Tababi `ah (Sing. Tubba` ) in the Yemen. Their kings used to put crowns on as were done by kings of Persia. The Arabs used to call whomsoever rules over the Yemen and Hadramaut "Tubba`", as they used to call kings of Sham (Syria) and the Arab Peninsula "Caesar", and the ruler of Persia "Khusrau", the ruler of Egypt Fir` aun (Pharaoh), the ruler of Abyssinia "Negus", and the ruler of India "Ptolemes", and Bilqis was from among the Himyar kings who ruled the Yemen. They lived in happiness and easiness, with abundance of sustenance: fruits, plants, etc. and they were righteous people who followed the Straight Path, but when they altered the Grace of Allah and denied it, they inevitably incurred to themselves and their peoples destruction and devastation.

Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, citando Wahb Ibn Munabah, disse: Allah, o Altíssimo, enviou-lhes treze Profetas. E As-Sadi afirmou que Allah, o Altíssimo, enviou-lhes doze mil Profetas. Allah sabe melhor! O ponto é que, quando substituíram a orientação pela desorientação e prostraram-se diante do sol em vez de Allah, o Altíssimo, ocorreu o caso que aconteceu na época de Bilqis e de seus antepassados, e que continuou até que Allah enviou sobre eles uma inundação liberada da represa. Allah, o Altíssimo, explicou: {Mas eles se afastaram (da obediência de Allah), então enviamos contra eles a Sail Al-`Arim (inundação liberada da represa), e transformamos seus dois jardins em jardins que produziam frutos amargos e ruins, tamargueiras e alguns poucos lótus. Assim os recompensamos porque eram ingratos descrentes. E nunca recompensamos dessa forma senão aqueles que são ingratos (descrentes)}.

Muhammad Ibn Ishaq narrating from Wahb Ibn Munabah said: Allah the Almighty sent them thirteen Prophets. And, As-Sadi claimed that Allah the Almighty sent them twelve thousand Prophets. Allah knows best! The point is, when they replaced guidance with misguidance and prostrated themselves before the sun instead of Allah the Almighty, the matter which took place during the era of Bilqis and her ancestors and that which continued till Allah sent over them a flood released from the dam. Allah the Almighty explained: {But they turned away (from the obedience of Allah), so We sent against them Sail Al-`Arim (flood released from the dam), and We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote trees. Like this We requited them because they were ungrateful disbelievers. And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful (disbelievers)}.

Muitos eruditos mencionaram que a Represa de Ma'rab foi construída para reter a água entre duas grandes montanhas e que, quando a água subiu, as pessoas começaram a plantar pomares, árvores frutíferas e muitos tipos de vegetais. Diz-se que o idealizador da represa foi Saba' Ibn Ya`rub, que alterou o curso de setenta vales, obrigando-os a derramar água neles. Além disso, ele fez com que a água saísse por trinta nascentes ou buracos, mas morreu antes de concluí-la.

Many scholars mentioned that the Dam of Ma'rab was built to keep water behind two great mountains, and when the water raised, the people began to implant orchards and fruitful trees and many kinds of vegetables. It is said that the originator of the darn was Saba' Ibn Ya` rub who changed the course of seventy valleys forcing them to pour out water therein. In addition, he forced the water to get out from thirty springs or holes, but he died before completing it.

Assim, a tribo de Himyar aperfeiçoou-a, e isso ocupava o espaço de uma légua quadrada.

So, the tribe of Himyar perfected it and it was of the space of one square league.

Em seguida, viviam em felicidade e abundância. Qatada e outros disseram: a mulher (entre eles) costumava andar com um cesto sobre a cabeça, e ele se enchia de frutas frescas e maduras, e diziam que o ar que respiravam era tão limpo e puro que nem moscas nem germes nocivos eram encontrados em sua terra. Diz Allah, o Todo-Poderoso: {Na verdade, havia para Saba' (Sabá)

Thereupon, they were living in happiness and abundance. Qatada and others said: the woman (from among them) would go putting a basket on her head, and it would be filled with fresh, ripe fruits, and they said that the air they breathed was so clean and pure that neither flies, nor harmful germs were found in their land. Allah the Almighty says: {Indeed there was for Saba' (Sheba)

Um sinal em sua morada, dois jardins à direita e à esquerda; (e foi-lhes dito:) Comei do sustento de vosso Senhor e agradecei-Lhe. Uma terra boa e um Senhor Perdoador!} (Saba', 15) E {E (lembrai-vos) quando vosso Senhor proclamou: Se agradecerdes (aceitando a Fé e adorando somente a Allah), dar-vos-ei mais (de Minhas Bênçãos); mas, se fordes ingratos (isto é, descrentes), em verdade Meu castigo é severo}. (Ibrahim, 7) Porém, quando associaram a outro que não Allah, o Todo-Poderoso, e trataram com arrogância Sua Graça — as etapas (da jornada) entre eles eram fáceis, nas quais viajavam em segurança tanto de noite como de dia — e pediram a Ele que tornasse as etapas entre suas viagens mais longas e penosas. Assim, pediram que o bem se transformasse em mal, como os Filhos de Israel, que pediram a Allah, o Todo-Poderoso, que transformasse o maná e as codornizes em ervas, pepinos, fum (trigo ou alho), lentilhas e cebolas. Em seguida, foram privados daquela grande bênção e daquela graça abrangente; sua terra foi destruída e eles próprios foram dispersos por todo o globo. Allah, o Todo-Poderoso, diz: {Mas eles se afastaram (da obediência a Allah), então enviamos contra eles o Sail Al-'Arim (inundação liberada da represa)}.

a sign in their dwelling -place- two gardens on the right hand and on the left; (and it was said to them:) Eat of the provision of your Lord, and be grateful to Him. A fair land and an Oft-Forgiving Lord!} (Saba', 15) and, {And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed: If you give thanks (by accepting Faith and worshipping none but Allah), I will give you more (of My Blessings); but if you are thankless (i.e. disbelievers), verily My punishment is indeed severe}. (Ibrahim, 7) But, when they adorned other than Allah the Almighty and arrogantly dealt with His Grace -the stages (of journey) between them were easy in which they used to travel safely both by night and day -and asked Him to make the stages between their journeys longer and severer. Thus, they asked to turn the good into what is bad like the Children of Israel who asked Allah the Almighty to turn Manna and quails into herbs, cucumbers, Fum (wheat or garlic), lentils and onions. Thereupon, they were deprived that great blessing and comprehensive grace; their land was destroyed and they themselves were scattered allover the globe. Allah the Almighty says: {But they turned away (from the obedience of Allah), so We sent against them Sail Al-`Arim (flood released from the dam)}.

Muitos eruditos disseram: Allah, o Altíssimo, enviou camundongos ou ratos sobre as bases da represa, e quando eles descobriram isso, trouxeram gatos para devorá-los, mas tudo foi em vão. As bases tornaram-se muito fracas e, finalmente, a represa desabou e a água afogou tudo. Suas boas árvores frutíferas transformaram-se, como explicou Allah, o Altíssimo, em árvores más: {E transformamos os seus dois jardins em jardins que produziam frutos amargos e ruins, e tamargueiras}. E {e algumas poucas árvores de lótus}, pois elas produzem o Nabk, que é muito escasso entre os inúmeros espinhos que possuem. Allah, o Altíssimo, diz: {Assim os recompensamos por serem ingratos e descrentes. E jamais castigamos desta forma senão aqueles que são ingratos (descrentes)}, ou seja, Nós só castigamos, com este severo castigo, aqueles que descreram em Nós, desmentiram Nossos Mensageiros, desobedeceram às Nossas ordens e violaram os Nossos limites.

Many scholars said: Allah the Almighty sent mice or rats on the bases of the darn, and when they discovered this they brought cats to eat them up, but all was in vain. The bases became very weak and finally the darn collapsed and the water drowned everything. Their good fruitful trees turned into -as explained by Allah the Almighty -bad ones: {And We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks}. And {and some few lote-trees} for they produce Nabk which is very few among the countless thorns they have. Allah the Almighty says: {Like this We requited them because they were ungrateful disbelievers. And never do We requite in such a way except those who are ungrateful (disbelievers)} i.e. We only punish -with this severe punishment those who disbelieved in Us, belied Our Messengers, disobeyed Our Orders, and violated Our Boundaries.

Allah, o Todo-Poderoso, diz: {Então fizemo-los tema de histórias (na terra), e dispersámo-los totalmente} ou seja, após a destruição dos seus jardins, bens e terras, precisaram de viajar e afastar-se. Assim, espalharam-se por diferentes partes da terra: alguns deslocaram-se para o Hejaz, e Khuza'ah foi para Meca. Alguns deles também se mudaram para Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, sendo os primeiros a habitá-la. Depois, foram seguidos por três tribos judaicas: os Banu Qainuqa', os Banu Quraizah e os Banu An-Nadir. Os judeus fizeram coligações com os Aus e os Khazraj e viveram ali (até à época do Profeta Muhammad ﷺ). Alguns deles deslocaram-se para Sham (Síria) e, posteriormente, converteram-se ao cristianismo: Ghassan, Amilah, Bahra', Lukham, Judham, Tanukh, Taghlub e outros.

Allah the Almighty says: {So We made them as tales (in the land), and We dispersed them all totally} i.e. after the destruction of their gardens, properties and land, they needed to travel and move away. Thus, they scattered in different parts of the land as some of them moved to the Hejaz, and Khuza' ah moved to Mecca. Some of them also moved to Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, they were the first to inhabit it. Then, they were followed by three tribes from the Jews: the Banu Qainuqa', Banu Quraizah, and Banu An-Nadir. The Jews made coalitions with the Aus and Khazraj and lived there (till the time of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)). Some of them, moved to Sham (Syria) and afterwards they converted to Christianity: Ghassan, Amilah, Bahra', Lukham, Judham, Tanukh, Taghlub, and others.

Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, em seu Kitab As-Sirah [A Biografia do Profeta], disse que o primeiro a deixar o Iêmen antes do Sail Al-'Arim (a enxurrada liberada pela represa) foi 'Amr Ibn 'Amir Al-Lukhami. Lukham era filho de 'Adyi Ibn Al-Harith Ibn Murrah Ibn Azd Ibn Zaid Ibn Muha' Ibn 'Amr Ibn 'Uraib Ibn Yashjub Ibn Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba'. Também é dito por Ibn Hisham: Lukham Ibn 'Adyi Ibn 'Amr Ibn Gharib Ibn Saba'. Ibn Ishaq disse: a razão de sua saída do Iêmen, como me foi relatado por Abu Zaid Al-Ansari, foi que ele viu um camundongo ou rato cavando sob a represa de Ma'rab, que era usada para conter a água, e assim percebeu que a represa não resistiria por tanto tempo; por isso, decidiu deixar o Iêmen. No entanto, ele enganou seu povo, ordenando que seu filho mais novo lhe desse um tapa no rosto diante das pessoas. O filho fez o que lhe foi ordenado, e 'Amr disse: Eu nunca viveria em um lugar onde meu filho mais novo me deu um tapa no rosto. E ofereceu seus bens para serem vendidos. Os nobres do Iêmen disseram:

Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, in his The Prophet's Biography [Kitab As-Sirah], said that the first to quit the Yemen before the Sail Al-'Arim (the flood released from the dam) was' Amr Ibn 'Amir Al-Lukhami. Lukham was the son of 'Adyi Ibn Al-Harith Ibn Murrah Ibn Azd Ibn Zaid Ibn Muha' Ibn 'Amr Ibn 'Uraib Ibn Yashjub Ibn Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba'. It is said also by Ibn Hisham: Lukham Ibn 'Adyi Ibn 'Amr Ibn Gharib Ibn Saba'. Ibn Ishaq said: the reason behind his moving from Yemen as I was told by Abu Zaid Al-Ansari that he saw a mouse or rat digging beneath the dam of Ma'rab which was used to keep the water behind, so he realized that the dam would not stand so long, so he intended to move from the Yemen. However, he tricked his people by ordering his youngest son to slap him on the face before the people. The son did what he was ordered to and 'Amr said: I would never live in a place where my youngest son slapped me on the face. And he offered his property to be sold. The noblemen of the Yemen said:

aproveitar a oportunidade da raiva de 'Amr e comprar toda a sua propriedade. Assim, ele partiu junto com os seus filhos e os descendentes destes. Os Azd disseram: nunca abandonaremos 'Amr Ibn 'Amir, então venderam as suas propriedades e acompanharam-no na sua fuga (sem saber as suas verdadeiras intenções). Chegaram à terra de `Ak, que lutou contra eles, e a sua guerra teve altos e baixos.

seize the opportunity of 'Amr's rage and buy all his property. Hence, he moved along with his children and their offspring. The Azd said: we never leave 'Amr Ibn 'Amir, so they sold their properties and accompanied him in his fleeing (without knowing his real intentions). They arrived at the land of `Ak who fought against them and their war had its ups and downs.

Por fim, eles partiram da terra de 'Ak e se dispersaram pelas terras. Ibn Jafnah Ibn 'Amr Ibn 'Amir foi para Sham (Síria), Al-Aus e Al-Khazraj foram para Yathrib (Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah), Khuza'ah foi para Marran, Azd As-Sarah foi para As-Sarah, e Azd 'Amman foi para 'Amman. Então Allah, o Altíssimo, enviou a inundação contra a represa, e ela ruiu por completo. O Glorioso Alcorão testemunha este acontecimento.

Finally, they departed from the land of 'Ak and dispersed in the lands. Ibn Jafnah Ibn 'Amr Ibn 'Amir went to Sham (Syria), Al-Aus and Al-Khazraj went to Yathrib (Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah), Khuza'ah went to Marran, Azd As-Sarah went to As-Sarah, and Azd 'Amman went to 'Amman, then Allah the Almighty sent the flood against the dam and it was totally collapsed. The Glorious Qur'an bears witness to this incident.

Ao-Sadi narrou o mesmo, e Muhammad Ibn Ishaq disse que 'Amr Ibn `Amir era um sacerdote. Outros disseram que sua esposa era Tarifah Bint Al-Khair Al-Himyariyah e que ela era uma sacerdotisa. Ela previu a destruição de sua terra, como se tivessem visto um sinal naquele rato ou camundongo, e então fizeram o que fizeram; e Allah sabe melhor! Toda a sua história foi mencionada no Tafsir, com base na autoridade de `Ikriamh, após Ibn Abu Hatim.

As-Sadi narrated the like and Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said that 'Amr Ibn `Amir was a priest. Others said that his wife was Tarifah Bint Al-Khair Al-Himyariyah and that she was a priestess. She foretold the destruction of their country as if they saw an indication in that rat or mouse, so they did what they did, and Allah knows best! His whole story was mentioned in the Exegesis on the authority of `Ikriamh after Ibn Abu Hatim.

However, not all the people of Saba' moved from the Yemen after the collapsing of the dam, but the majority of them stayed there. Only the people of the Dam (Ma'rab) went away and dispersed in the land. This is expressed in the Hadith mentioned earlier that was narrated by `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas, that the majority of the Yemenites did not move from the Yemen. Only four tribes departed and six tribes stayed. They continued to live there and the rule was kept by them and the Tababi`ah until they were deprived of their own self-rule - for about seventy years - by the army sent by the Negus under the command of Abraha and Aryat. Then, it was regained by Saif Ibn Dhi Yazan Al-Himyari shortly before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Then, Allah's Prophet (Peace be upon him)

However, not all the people of Saba' moved from the Yemen after the collapsing of the dam, but the majority thereof stayed there. Only the people of the Dam (Ma'rab) went away and dispersed in the land. This is expressed in the Hadith mentioned earlier that was narrated by `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas, that the majority of the Yemenites did not movem from the Yemen. Only four tribes quitted and six tribes stayed. They continued to live there and the ruling was kept by them and the Tababi`ah till they were deprived of their own self-ruling - for about seventy years -by the army sent by the Negus under the command of Abraha and Aryat. Then, it was regained by Saif Ibn Dhi Yazan AI-Himyari shortly before Prophet Muhammad's birth. Then, Allah's Prophet (Peace be upon him)

Foi enviado ao Iêmen 'Ali ibn Abi Talib e Khalid ibn al-Walid, e depois Abu Musa al-Ash'ari e Mu'adh ibn Jabal, para convidar as pessoas a abraçar o Islã. Depois, al-Aswad al-'Ansi apoderou-se do Iêmen e expulsou os representantes do Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ. Durante a era de Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, al-Aswad al-'Ansi foi morto e os muçulmanos recuperaram a supremacia no Iêmen.

sent to the Yemen `Ali Ibn Abu Talib and Khalid Ibn Al-Walid, then Abu Musa Al- Ash`ari and Mu`adh Ibn Jabal to invite the people to embrace Islam. Then, Al- Aswad Al-`Ansi seized the Yemen and drove out the deputies of Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him). During the era of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Al-Aswad Al-`Ansi was killed and the Muslims had the upper hand in the Yemen.