Buyuk Britaniya Mustafa Kamolning isyoniga yordam beradi
Britain Backs The Rebellion Of Mustafa Kemal
Shunga qaramay, agar inglizlar Mustafa Kamolni o‘zi boshlagan isyonni o‘zi davom ettirishga qoldirganida ham, u keyinchalik erishgan maqsadi sari bir qadam ham ilgari bosa olmas edi. Chunki Turkiyada arab tilida so‘zlashadigan islomiy yerlarning Usmoniylar davlatidan ajratilishiga rozi bo‘ladigan va faqat turk yerlari bilan qanoatlanadigan birorta odamni topish mumkin bo‘lganda ham, Xalifalikni bekor qilishga rozi bo‘ladigan kishini topish juda qiyin bo‘lar edi. Mustafa Kamol va soni bir qo‘lning barmoqlaridan oshmaydigan ayrim kishilardan tashqari, deyarli hech kim buni ma’qullamas edi. Umumiy fikr Xalifalikni saqlab qolish tarafida edi. Xalifalikka bo‘lgan muhabbat va unga sadoqat xalq qalbida chuqur ildiz otgan edi. «Padishohim tojing uzoq yashasin» iborasi tilga olinganda, har bir turkning qalbida tegishli tuyg‘ular uyg‘onar va eng kuchli his-hayajonlari jo‘shib ketardi. Shuning uchun Ummatning biror vakili Xalifalikni bekor qilish to‘g‘risida qaror chiqarishi tasavvurga sig‘maydigan ish bo‘lar edi.
Despite all this, had the British afterwards left Mustafa Kemal to pursue the rebellion he had started by himself, he would not have been able to take one further step towards the objective which he later achieved. This is so because even if it had been possible to find anyone in Turkey who would have agreed to the severance of the Arabic speaking Islamic lands from the Ottoman State and who would have been contented only with the Turkish lands, it would have been extremely difficult to have come across anyone who would have consented to the abolishment of the Khilafah or agreed to it, apart from Mustafa Kemal and some individuals whose number did not exceed a handful. The general consensus was in favour of maintaining the Khilafah. The love of the Khilafah and the loyalty to her were deeply rooted in the hearts of people, and whenever the phrase of Badshahin Tajuk Yasha was mentioned, a chord in every single Turk was touched, and his strongest emotions were evoked. Hence, it would have been inconceivable for any representatives of the Ummah to have decided to abolish the Khilafah.
Biroq, inglizlarning qo'llagan usullari va Mustafo Kamolni doimiy ravishda qo'llab-quvvatlagani hamda u olib borgan faoliyat Mustafo Kamolga bu natijalarga erishishiga yordam berdi. Ushbu qo'zg'olonni qo'zg'atar ekan, Britaniya qo'zg'olonning mevalaridan bahramand bo'lish maqsadida xalqaro miqyosdagi harakatga tayyorgarlik ko'rayotgan edi.
However, the styles adopted by the British and their continuous support of Mustafa Kemal and the activities he pursued, helped Mustafa Kemal achieve these results. While instigating this rebellion, Britain was preparing for an international manoeuvre in order to reap the fruits of the rebellion.
U shu maqsadda u bu borada keng tashviqot kampaniyasini boshlab, uning xabarlarini shov-shuv qilib ko'rsatdi, shu yo'l bilan ittifoqchilarning Turkiyadan qo'rqishini kuchaytirishga urindi.
So she launched a wide propaganda campaign for it and hyped up its news in an attempt to raise the allies fears about Turkey.
G‘arbliklar va zobitlar tomonidan Istanbulga yuborilgan xabarlar to‘planib bordi. Ularda Anatoliyada kengayib ketgan katta g‘alayon va yuzaga chiqqan millatchilik ruhi haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan edi.
Reports destined to Istanbul sent by the westerners and the officers accumulated, replete with the description of the major uproar which mushroomed in Anatolia and of the nationalist feeling which had erupted.
Shu bilan birga, telegraf xabarlari va matbuot agentliklari qo‘zg‘olon haqidagi xabarlarni mubolag‘a bilan yoritishga kirishdi. Shu orada ittifoqchilar ishtirokida Parijda tinchlik konferensiyasi chaqirildi.
At the same time, the telegrams and the press agencies started to cover the news of the rebellion in an exaggerated manner. Meanwhile, a peace conference in Paris with the participation of the allies was called for.
Britaniya bu imkoniyatdan foydalanib, konferensiyaning ish rejasiga Mustafo Kamol qo‘zg‘atgan tartibsizliklar haqidagi xabarlarni kiritishga urindi, shunda yurak-yuraklarda nafrat alangalansin va qattiq shartlar qo‘yilishiga undalsin.
Britain seized this opportunity to squeeze into the working agenda of the conference the news of the disturbances which Mustafa Kemal had instigated, in order to kindle rancour in the hearts and urge the imposition of tough conditions.
Франция, однако, была осведомлена о том, что эти действия были инсценированы Британией, поэтому она отвергла сообщения о беспорядках Мустафы Кемаля и даже пошла дальше, когда попыталась склонить на свою сторону правительство Дамада Ферида-паши. Так она заставила его поверить, что не гневается из-за этого мятежа, а когда узнала о его намерении лично приехать в Париж, чтобы добиться сочувствия союзников и склонить их на свою сторону, она поспешила предоставить в распоряжение османской делегации, возглавляемой премьер-министром, броненосец. Премьер-министр желал присутствовать на мирной конференции в Париже, чтобы изложить взгляды Османского государства до того, как будет принято решение о её судьбе.
France however was aware of the fact that those actions were fabricated by Britain, hence, she dismissed the news of Mustafa Kemals disturbances and even went a step further when she attempted to win over the government of Damad Farid Pasha. Thus she led him to believe that she was not angry about this rebellion, and when she learnt of his intentions to come to Paris personally to seek the allies sympathy and win them over, she rushed and placed an ironclad at the disposal of the Ottoman delegation, headed by the Prime Minister, who wanted to attend the peace conference in Paris to air the views of the Ottoman State, before a decision on her fate was taken.
Biroq Buyuk Britaniya bunga e'tiroz bildirdi va Usmonli hukumatiga nisbatan frantsuzlarning ishtiyoqi xususida xavotirini ifodaladi. Dastlab Buyuk Britaniya Damad Farid poshoning qatnashishiga to'sqinlik qilishga urindi, shu sababli u delegatsiyani kuzatib bormoqchi bo'lgan-u, sog'lig'i yomonligi tufayli buni amalga oshira olmagan, deb ko'rsatdi. Oxir-oqibat u Britaniyaning zirhli kemasida sayohat qildi.
However, Britain objected to this and expressed concern over the French enthusiasm towards the Ottoman government. At first Britain attempted to prevent Damad Farid Pasha from attending, so he pretended that he had wanted to accompany the delegation but his poor health prevented him from doing so. He eventually travelled aboard a British ironclad.
Parij konferensiyasi juda qattiq shartlarni belgiladi va bu qarorlarni qabul qilib, ularni himoya qilgan Britaniya bo‘ldi. Lloyd George 1919-yil 8-noyabrda Guildhallda nutq so‘zlab, shunday dedi: "Tinchlik shartlari ittifoqchilar tomonidan to‘liq ma’qullandi, ayniqsa Usmonli imperiyasiga oid shartlar, va butun Yevropa bir ovozdan kelishib oldi, yunonlar, armanlar va arablar yashaydigan yerlardan yovuz va chirigan Usmonli hukmronligini yo‘q qilish kerak. Qora dengiz va O‘rta yer dengizi bo‘ylab joylashgan dengiz portlari barcha xalqlar uchun ochilishi kerak." Biroq Fransiya va Italiya bu shartnomaga qarshi edi. Shunga qaramay, Britaniyaning bu shartlarga bo‘lgan ishtiyoqi ularni amalga oshirish maqsadida emas, balki Usmonli davlatini qo‘rqitish va turklarni Sulton ga qarshi qo‘zg‘atib, Mustafo Kamol tomonida turishga undash vositasi sifatida edi. Shu sababli, keyinchalik u shartnomani bekor qilish uchun Londonda konferensiya chaqirishda birinchi bo‘lib chiqdi. Konferensiya amalda 1921-yil fevralda o‘tkazildi.
The Paris conference laid down some very tough conditions, and it was Britain who adopted those decisions and championed them. Lloyd George delivered a speech at the Guildhall on 8th November 1919 in which he said : The peace terms have been fully approved by the allies, especially those terms concerning the Ottoman Empire, and the whole of Europe unanimously agrees that the evil and rotten Ottoman rule must be eradicated from the lands inhabited by the Greeks, the Armenians and the Arabs. The seaports situated along the Black Sea and the Mediterranean must be opened for all nations. However, France and Italy were averse to the treaty. Nevertheless, Britains enthusiasm towards those terms were not with the aim of implementing them, but rather to use as a means to threaten the Ottoman State and to incite the Turks against the Sultan so that they sided with Mustafa Kemal. That is why she was later the first to call for a conference in London in order to cancel the treaty. The conference was effectively held in February 1921.