Ko‘p musulmonlar oyat yoki hadisni bir o‘qishdan so‘ng biror narsa harommi (man etilganmi) yoki farzmi, deb tez xulosa chiqarishga shoshiladilar. Qonunchilik manbalaridagi barcha buyruqlar ham farz, ham harom emas. Shar'iy hukm turlarini ajratish uchun qo‘llaniladigan qoidalar yana Usul al-fiqh bilan bog‘liqdir.

Many Muslims are too quick to conclude that something is either Haram (prohibited) or Fard (compulsory) after a quick reading of an Ayah or a Hadith. Not all commands in the legislative sources are Fard or Haram. The rules, which are used to differentiate the types of Hukm Shar‟i, are again related to Usul al-Fiqh.

Aslida, hukmi shar'iy besh umumiy ko'rinishda tushunilishi mumkin.

In reality, the Hukm Shar‟i can be understood in five general ways.

Agar amrga bo'lgan talab qat'iy bo'lsa (Talab Jazim), u holda u farz yoki vojib bo'ladi; ikkalasining ma'nosi bir xildir. Farzni bajargan kishi mukofotlanadi, unga bo'ysunmagan kishi esa jazolanadi.

If the request to do an action is decisive (Talab Jazim) then it is a Fard or Wajib; both have the same meaning. A person who complies with a Fard will be rewarded, while one who disobeys will be punished.

Namoz o‘qish va uni to‘kis ado etish, zakot berish, jihodda ishtirok etish, Islom hukmi bilan boshqarilish, musulmon ayollarning hijob kiyishi va boshqalar.

Example: Performing and establishing Salah, paying Zakah, participating in the Jihad, being ruled by Islam, Muslim women wearing Hijab etc.

Agar ko'rsatma biror ishdan qat'iy tiyilish buyrug'i bilan bog'liq bo'lsa, u holda bu harom yoki man etilgan (mahzur) hisoblanadi. Agar harom qilinsa, shaxs jazolanadi, lekin harom ish qilinmasa, shaxs savob oladi.

If the instruction is connected with a decisive command of refraining from an action then it is Haram or Mahdhur. If the Haram is committed, then the person will be punished, but if the Haram action is avoided, the person will be rewarded.

Misol: riboga, qimor o'yinlariga, millatchilikni yoki demokratiyani targ'ib qilishga va boshqalarga munosabat

Example: dealing with Riba, gambling, promoting nationalism or democracy, etc.

Agar amalni bajarish haqidagi buyruq qat'iy bo'lmasa, u holda bu Mandub hisoblanadi. Uni bajargan kishi maqtovga sazovor bo'ladi va mukofotlanadi; biroq uni bajarmagan kishi na malomat qilinadi, na jazolanadi.

If the instruction to do an action is not firm, then it is considered Mandub. The one who performs it is praised and rewarded; however, the one who did not perform it is neither blamed nor punished.

Kasallarni ziyorat qilish, kambag'allarga sadaqa berish, dushanba va payshanba kunlari ro'za tutish.

Example: Attending to the sick, giving alms to the poor, fasting Mondays and Thursdays.

Agar biror ishdan tiyilish haqidagi buyruq qat'iy bo'lmasa, u makruh hisoblanadi. Undan tiyilgan kishi maqtaladi va ajr-mukofotga sazovor bo'ladi, uni qilgan kishi esa jazolanmaydi va tanqid qilinmaydi.

If the instruction of refraining from an action is not firm, then it is considered Makruh. The one who abstains is praised and rewarded while the one who does it is neither punished nor blamed.

Misol: Fajr namozi bilan quyosh chiqishi orasida namoz o'qish, masjidga namoz uchun borishdan oldin sarimsoq yeish, yo'lga axlat tashlash va boshqalar.

Example: performing Salah between Fajr Salah and sunrise, eating galic before going to the masjid for Salah, dropping litter on the road etc.

Agar biror ishni qilish yoki qilmaslik ixtiyori insonning o‘ziga qoldirilgan bo‘lsa, bunday amal mubah deb ataladi. Mubah hisoblangan amal uchun inson na ajr-savob oladi, na jazolanadi.

If the choice to do or not to do an action is left up to the person, then the action is called Mubah. One will neither be rewarded nor punished for an action falling under this category.

Misol: qo'y yoki tovuq go'shti yeyish, to'rttagacha xotin olish, mashina haydash va boshqalar.

Example: Eating lamb or chicken, marrying up to four wives, driving a car etc.

Hukm shar'iy ning ba'zi turlari, masalan farz, o'z navbatida kichik turlarga bo'linadi. Masalan, farz farz al-ayn va farz al-kifoya ga bo'linadi. Farz al-ayn har bir musulmonga majburiy bo'lgan amallar, masalan, kuniga besh vaqt namoz o'qish; Ramazon oyida ro'za tutish; er yoki xotinning o'z burchlarini ado etishi kabilardir. Farz al-kifoya esa butun ummatga majburiy bo'lib, ummatning bir qismi bu farzni ado etguncha davom etadi, masalan, vafot etgan musulmonni dafn etish. Agar ummatning bir qismi bu vazifani bajarsa, bu vazifa qolgan musulmonlardan soqit bo'ladi. Hukm shar'iy ning boshqa ba'zi turlari ham yana kichik turlarga bo'linadi.

Some of the Hukm Shar‟i such as Fard are divided into sub-categories. For example, Fard is divided into Fard al Ayn and Fard al Kifaya. Fard al Ayn is obligatory on every Muslim, such as praying five times a day; fasting Ramadhan, fulfilling duties to husband/wife whereas, Fard al Kifaya is obligatory on the whole Ummah until part of the Ummah fulfils the Fard, such as the burial of a deceased Muslim. If a portion of the Ummah fulfilled this task, then this relieves the duty from the rest of the Muslims. Some of the other types of Hukm Shar‟i are also further sub-divided.