4. Sunnat
4. Sunnah
Sunna, lingvistik jihatdan, yo‘l yoki usul degan ma’noni anglatadi. Huquqshunoslik istilohi sifatida “sunna” islom madaniyatining turli sohalarida turlicha ma’nolarga ega.
Sunnah, linguistically, means a path or a way. As a juristic term “Sunnah” has different meanings to various disciplines of the Islamic culture.
• Hadis ulamolariga:
• To the Ulema of Hadith:
Sunnah — Payg'ambar ﷺ dan rivoyat qilingan barcha narsalarni, ya'ni uning amallarini, so'zlarini, sukut bilan ma'qullagan ishlarini hamda uning jismoniy sifatlari va xulqini tasvirlovchi barcha xabarlarni anglatadi.
Sunnah refers to all that is narrated from the Prophet (saw), his acts, his sayings, whatever he has tacitly approved, and all the reports that describe his physical attributes and character.
• Fiqh (huquqshunoslik) ulamolariga:
• To the Ulema of Fiqh (Jurisprudence):
Sunnat atamasi Mandub yoki Nafila toifasiga ishora qiladi. Bu ma'noda Sunnat Mandub bilan sinonim sifatida ishlatiladi. Masalan, Ramazon oyidan tashqari qo'shimcha namozlar o'qish yoki qo'shimcha kunlarda ro'za tutish Mandub yoki Nafiladir.
Sunnah refers to the category of Mandub or Nafilah. In this sense, Sunnah is used synonymously with Mandub. As an example, praying extra prayers or fasting extra days other than in Ramadan is Mandub or Nafilah.
Usul al-fiqh ulamolariga:
• To the Ulema of Usul al-Fiqh:
Sunnat Shariatning Qur'ondan tashqari yana bir manbasini bildiradi. Shu sababli, Usul al-Fiqh istilohida, Ramazondan tashqari kunlardagi ro'za tutish Sunnatdan ekanligini aytish mumkin, bu esa Sunnat ushbu hukmni tasdiqlaganini anglatadi.
Sunnah refers to another source of Shari‟ah along with the Qur‟an. Thus, in the usage of Usul al-Fiqh, one might say that fasting days other than in Ramadan is from Sunnah, denoting that the Sunnah has validated this ruling.
Usul al-fiqhda "sunnat" atamasini fiqhdagi "sunnat" atamasi bilan adashtirmaslik kerak. Fiqhda sunnat nafila yoki mandub sinonimi bo'lib, tavsiya etilgan amalni anglatadi. Usul al-fiqhda esa u hukmlarni chiqarish manbai hisoblanadi va quyidagi turdagi hukmi shar'iyni belgilaydi.
The usage of Sunnah in Usul al-Fiqh should not be confused with the Sunnah in Fiqh. In Fiqh, the term Sunnah is synonymous to Nafilah or Mandub, meaning a recommended act. In Usul al-Fiqh, it is a source for extracting rulings, and it establishes the following types of Hukm Shar‟i:
• Fard: (فشض) Masalan, Salotni ado etish usuli Qur'ondan emas, balki Sunnatdan belgilangan. Qur'on esa namoz o'qish buyrug'ini beradi.
• Fard: (فشض ) For example, the method of praying the Salah is established from the Sunnah and not the Qur‟an. The Qur‟an issues the command to pray.
• Haram: (قشجَ) Eid kuni ro'za tutish harom bo'lib, bu Sunnatdan sobit bo'lgan.
• Haram: (قشجَ ) Fasting on the day of Eid is Haram and is established from the Sunnah.
• Mandub / Sunnah: ( ذِٕٚخ/ع ٕس ) Dushanba kuni ro'za tutish mandub bo'lib, u Sunnatdan sobit bo'lgan.
• Mandub / Sunnah: ( ذِٕٚخ/ع ٕس ) Fasting on Monday is Mandub and is established from the Sunnah.
• Makruh: (ِىشٖٚ) Masjidga borishdan oldin sarimsoq yeyish makruhdir va bu Sunnatda sobit bo‘lgan.
• Makruh: (ِىشٖٚ ) Eating garlic before going to masjid is Makruh and is established from the Sunnah.
Mubah: (رِح) Ba'zan Payg'ambar ﷺ o'tirgan holda yoki turgan holda suv ichardilar.
• Mubah: (رِح ) At times the Prophet (saw) drank water while sitting or standing.