不久之后,先知迁居麦地那,并确保新生伊斯兰社群的支柱在行政、政治和思想统一的坚实基础上稳固确立,随后便开始与非穆斯林建立有规律且界定清晰的关系。所有这些努力,都只为给全人类带来和平、安全与繁荣,并特别是在其所在地区营造和睦与融洽的精神。先知ﷺ

Soon after emigrating to Madinah and making sure that the pillars of the new Islamic community were well established on strong bases of administrative, political and ideological unity, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) commenced to establish regular and clearly-defined relations with non-Muslims. All of these efforts were exerted solely to provide peace, security, and prosperity to all mankind at large, and to bring about a spirit of rapport and harmony within his region, in particular.

从地理位置上看,离麦地那最近的民族是犹太人。尽管他们心怀恶意、怀有深深的怨恨,却没有表现出丝毫的反抗,也没有流露出一点敌意。先知ﷺ决定与他们缔结一项条约,条约的条款保障了他们在信仰和财产上的完全自由。他绝无意采取驱逐、没收财产和土地或敌对等严厉的政策。

Geographically, the closest people to Madinah were the Jews. Whilst harbouring evil intentions, and nursing bitter grudge, they showed not the least resistance nor the slightest animosity. The Prophet decided to ratify a treaty with them with clauses that provided full freedom in faith and wealth. He had no intention whatsoever of following severe policies involving banishment, seizure of wealth and land or hostility.

这项条约是在一个更大框架之内签订的，该框架涉及穆斯林之间的相互关系，此条约只是其中之一。

The treaty came within the context of another one of a larger framework relating to inter-Muslim relationships.

条约最重要的条款如下：

The most important provisions of the treaty are the following:

1. 巴尼·阿瓦夫的犹太人与信士们是一个共同体。犹太人可以信奉他们的宗教，穆斯林信奉他们的宗教。

1. The Jews of Bani ‘Awf are one community with the believers. The Jews will profess their religion, and the Muslims theirs.

2. 犹太人应承担自己的开支，穆斯林应承担他们自己的开支。

2. The Jews shall be responsible for their expenditure, and the Muslims for theirs.

3. 若有第三方发动攻击，双方各自都应当援助对方。

3. If attacked by a third party, each shall come to the assistance of the other.

4. 双方应彼此协商。双方的关系应建立在正义之上；罪恶则被完全排除。

4. Each party shall hold counsel with the other. Mutual relation shall be founded on righteousness; sin is totally excluded.

5. 双方都不得犯罪而损害对方的权益。

5. Neither shall commit sins to the prejudice of the other.

6. 受害的一方应当获得帮助。

6. The wronged party shall be aided.

7. 只要犹太人与信士们并肩作战,他们就应当分担战争的费用。

7. The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war so long as they are fighting alongside the believers.

8. 麦地那对于所有加入本条约的人来说都应保持神圣且不可侵犯。

8. Madinah shall remain sacred and inviolable for all that join this treaty.

9. 如果本条约的签署方之间出现任何分歧，则由至高的安拉及其使者来裁决。

9. Should any disagreement arise between the signatories to this treaty, then Allâh, the All-High and His Messenger shall settle the dispute.

10. 此条约的签署方应在商业上抵制古莱什人，也不得向他们提供任何支持。

10. The signatories to this treaty shall boycott Quraish commercially; they shall also abstain from extending any support to them.

11. 各方都应在各自的区域内共同保卫麦地那，以防外敌来袭。

11. Each shall contribute to defending Madinah, in case of a foreign attack, in its respective area.

12. 本条约不妨碍任何一方依法寻求合法的报复。

12. This treaty shall not hinder either party from seeking lawful revenge.

这份条约批准之后，麦地那及其郊区转变为一个联盟国家，以麦地那城为首都，穆罕默德ﷺ担任“总统”；权力主要掌握在穆斯林手中，因此它实际上是伊斯兰的首都。为了扩大和平与安全的范围，先知ﷺ开始与居住在“他的国家”周围的其他部落订立类似的条约。

Madinah and its suburbs, after the ratification of this treaty, turned into a coalition state, with Madinah proper as capital and Muhammad (Peace be upon him) as ‘president’; authorities lay mainly in the hand of the Muslims, and consequently it was a real capital of Islam. To expand the zone of peace and security the Prophet (Peace be upon him) started to enter into similar treaties with other tribes living around ‘his state’.