我们已经谈到，在先知使命第十一年的朝觐季节，有六位麦地那人皈依了伊斯兰教。他们承诺要把伊斯兰的信息传达给自己的同乡。次年，在朝觐之时，又有一群十二人的门徒前来，准备承认穆罕默德为他们的先知。这群人中有五位，是前一年曾与先知ﷺ会面的六人中的五人；未到场的第六位是贾比尔·本·阿卜杜拉·本·雷亚卜。其余七人是：

We have already spoken about six Madinese who embraced Islam in the pilgrimage season in the eleventh year of Prophethood. They promised to communicate the Message of Islam to their townsfolk. The following year, on the occasion of the pilgrimage, there came a group of twelve disciples ready to acknowledge Muhammad as their Prophet. The group of men comprised five of the six who had met the Prophet (Peace be upon him) the year before, the sixth who stayed away was Jabir bin ‘Abdullah bin Reyab, the other seven were:

1. 穆阿兹·本·哈里斯（Mu‘adh bin Al-Harith），又称伊ブン·阿夫拉（Ibn ‘Afra），出身哈兹拉季部落（Khazraj）。

1. Mu‘adh bin Al-Harith, Ibn ‘Afra, from Khazraj.

2. 来自 Khazraj 部落的 Dhakwan bin ‘Abd Al-Qais。

2. Dhakwan bin ‘Abd Al-Qais, from Khazraj.

3. 'Ubadah bin As-Samit,来自Khazraj。

3. ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit, from Khazraj.

4. 叶宰德·本·萨拉baa（Yazeed bin Tha‘labah），来自哈兹拉季部落（Khazraj）。

4. Yazeed bin Tha‘labah, from Khazraj.

5. 阿拔斯·本·欧拜达·本·纳达拉（Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Ubadah bin Nadalah），来自哈兹拉季部落。

5. ‘Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Ubadah bin Nadalah, from Khazraj.

6. 阿布·海赛姆·本·太亥汉，来自奥斯（Aws）。

6. Abul Haitham bin At-Taihan, from Aws.

7. 欧奈姆·本·赛伊德，出自奥斯部落。

7. ‘Uwaim bin Sa‘idah, from Aws.

他们宣誓信仰穆罕默德ﷺ为先知，并发誓说：“我们不崇拜除独一的安拉以外的任何one；我们不偷窃；也不通奸，不杀害我们的孩子；我们不说诽谤之言，不故意捏造谎言；在任何合理的事务上，我们都不违抗你。”他们立下誓约后，穆罕默德ﷺ说：“谁履行了这些，安拉必定赏赐他；谁有所违犯而在今世受到惩罚，那便是他在后世的赎罪；谁有所违犯而此事隐匿于人的眼目之外，也没有招致任何后果，那么他的事就交由安拉处置：安拉若愿意，便赦宥他；若愿意，便惩罚他。”

They avowed their faith in Muhammad (Peace be upon him) as a Prophet and swore: “We will not worship any one but one Allah; we will not steal; neither will we commit adultery, nor kill our children; we will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood and we will not disobey you in any just matter.” When they had taken the pledge, Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said: “He who carries it out, Allâh will reward him; and who neglects anything and is afflicted in this world, it may prove redemption for him in the Hereafter; and if the sin remains hidden from the eyes of the men and no grief comes to him, then his affair is with Allâh. He may forgive him or He may not.”

在宣誓(以誓约的形式)完成之后,先知(愿主赐他平安)派遣穆斯阿卜·本·欧迈尔·阿卜达里(愿真主喜悦他)前往亚斯里布(麦地那),他是第一位穆斯林"使节",负责教导当地民众伊斯兰的教义,给予他们实际的指导,并努力向仍然信奉多神的人传播伊斯兰。阿斯阿德·本·祖拉拉在麦地那接待了他。时机已然成熟,传教的热情高涨,伊斯兰从一家传到另一家,从一个部落传到另一个部落,迅速蔓延开来。穆斯阿卜的工作呈现出种种令人欣喜、充满希望的成功景象。 有一天,穆斯阿卜和阿斯阿德正前往拜尼·阿卜杜勒-阿什哈勒和拜尼·扎法尔的居住地,他们走进了后者部落的地界。他们在一口井旁坐下,与一些新近皈依的人交谈。两个部落的首领萨阿德·本·穆阿兹和乌赛德·本·胡代尔得知了这次聚会,于是乌赛德手持长矛走近穆斯林,而萨阿德则以阿斯阿德是他的母系表亲为由,借故没有前来。乌赛德走近时破口大骂,指责这两人愚弄心志薄弱的人,并命令他们彻底停止这种行为。穆斯阿卜平静地邀请他坐下,说道:"如果你对我们的谈话感到满意,你可以接受;如果你厌恶它,你可以自由地避开你所憎恶的东西。" 乌赛德说:"这很公平。"于是他把长矛插在沙地上,听穆斯阿卜讲话,然后又听到了一些《古兰经》的经文。在他开口表示赞同之前,他的脸上已经显露出满足与喜悦。他询问两人关于皈依伊斯兰所需遵循的程序。二人请他沐浴净身,洗涤衣物,作证真理,然后礼两拜。他照做了,完全按照他们的要求去做。然后他说,有一个人(萨阿德·本·穆阿兹)——如果他信奉伊斯兰,他的族人绝不会犹豫不前。说完,他便离开去见萨阿德和他的族人。 sa‘d 立刻看出 Usaid 已经改变了。Sa‘d 问他的问题，Usaid 回答说，有两个人准备服从他们接到的任何命令。随后他安排了某种情况，让这两个人得以与 Sa‘d 私下交谈。Usaid 的那一幕再次出现，Sa‘d 皈依了伊斯兰，并立即转向他的族人，发誓在他们信仰安拉和祂的使者之前，他绝不与他们交谈。那天晚上刚到，那个阿拉伯部落的所有男人和女人都皈依了伊斯兰，只有一人例外，即 Al-Usairim，他一直拖延到乌候德战役之日。那一天他皈依了伊斯兰，与多神教徒作战，但最终在未曾做过任何礼拜叩头之前就阵亡了。先知ﷺ评论说：“他做的事情虽少，但他的回报却很大。”

After the Pledge (in the form of an oath had been taken) the Prophet (Peace be upon him) sent to Yathrib (Madinah) Mus‘ab bin ‘Umair Al-‘Abdari, (May Allah be pleased with him) the first Muslim ‘ambassador’ to teach the people there the doctrines of Islam, give them practical guidance and make attempts at propagating the Islam among those who still professed polytheism. As‘ad bin Zurarah hosted him in Madinah. So prepared was the ground, and so zealous the propagation that the Islam spread rapidly from house to house and from tribe to tribe. There were various cheerful and promising aspects of success that characterized Mus‘ab’s task. One day Mus‘ab and As‘ad were on their way to the habitations of Bani ‘Abd Al-Ashhal and Bani Zafar, when they went into the premises of the latter clan. There they sat near a well conversing with some new converts. Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh and Usaid bin Hudair, chiefs of the two clans heard of this meeting, so Usaid approached the Muslims armed with his lance while the other Sa‘d excused himself on grounds that As‘ad was his maternal cousin. Usaid came closer cursing and swearing and accused the two men of befooling people weak of heart, and ordered that they stop it altogether. Mus‘ab calmly invited him to sit saying, “If you are pleased with our talk, you can accept it; should you hold it in abhorrence, you could freely immunize yourself against what you hate.” “That’s fair,” said Usaid, pierced his lance in the sand, listened to Mus‘ab and then heard some verses of the Noble Qur’ân. His face bespoke satisfaction and pleasure before uttering any words of approval. He asked the two men about the procedures pertinent to embracing Islam. They asked him to observe washing, purge his garment, bear witness to the Truth and then perform two Rak‘a. He responded and did exactly what he was asked to do, and then said there was a man (Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh) whose people would never hang back if he followed the Islam. He then left to see Sa‘d and his people. Sa‘d could immediately understand that Usaid had changed. To a question posed by Sa‘d, Usaid said that two men were ready to comply with whatever orders they received. He then managed a certain situation that provided the two men with a chance to talk with Sa‘d privately. The previous scene with Usaid recurred and Sa‘d embraced Islam, and directly turned to his people swearing that he would never talk with them until they had believed in Allâh, and in His Messenger. Hardly did the evening of that day arrive when all the men and women of that sept of Arabians embraced Islam with the exception of one, Al-Usairim, who hung back until the Day of Uhud. On that day he embraced Islam and fought the polytheists but was eventually killed before observing any prostration in the way of prayer. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) commented saying: “He has done a little but his reward is great.”.

第二年，即先知使命的第十三年，公元622年6月，正值朝觐季节，七十多位来自麦地那的皈依者跟随他们的多神教同胞来到麦加，履行朝觐的仪式。他们之间常被提起的问题是："我们是不是早就该保护穆罕默德ﷺ了，而不是任由他孤立无援、被抛弃，在麦加的山丘间独自跌跌撞撞？"

The next year, thirteenth of Prophethood, June 622 A.D., during the pilgrimage season, over seventy converts from Madinah came in the trail of their polytheist people to perform the rituals of pilgrimage in Makkah. The oft-repeated question amongst them was “Isn’t it high time we protect Muhammad instead of leaving him forsaken, deserted and stumbling in the hillocks of Makkah?”.

不久after抵达后,他们与先知(愿主赐他平安)秘密接触,并约定在屠宰节(圣历十二月的第11、12、13日)期间的一个夜晚,在阿给白(Al-‘Aqabah)的一座小山丘上秘密会面,那里也是去年的会面地点。 安莎尔(辅士)的领袖之一,凯布·本·马立克·安萨里(愿主喜悦他),讲述了这次改变伊斯兰与多神教之间斗争全部进程的历史性会面,他说: Wait—I should correct a mistake in my output: the rules require ﷺ after each mention of the Prophet, not "(愿主赐他平安)". Corrected version: 不久after抵达后,他们与先知ﷺ秘密接触,并约定在屠宰节(圣历十二月的第11、12、13日)期间的一个夜晚,在阿给白(Al-‘Aqabah)的一座小山丘上秘密会面,那里也是去年的会面地点。 安莎尔(辅士)的领袖之一,凯布·本·马立克·安萨里(愿主喜悦他),讲述了这次改变伊斯兰与多神教之间斗争全部进程的历史性会面,他说:

Shortly after arrival, they conducted clandestine contacts with the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and agreed to meet him secretly at night in mid Tashreeq Days (the 11th, 12th and 13th days of Dhul Hijja) in a hillock at Al-‘Aqabah, the last year’s meeting place One of the leaders of the Ansâr (Helpers), Ka‘b bin Malik Al-Ansari (May Allah be pleased with him), gave an account of the historic meeting which changed the whole course of the struggle between Islam and paganism, he said:

我们启程前往朝觐，并约定在麦加朝觐后的白氏日（Tashreeq Days）中旬会合。与我们同行的，还有我们族中一位知名的显要人物，名叫阿卜杜拉·本·阿慕尔·本·哈拉姆，他当时仍是一位多神教徒。我们向他透露了我们要与穆罕默德ﷺ会面的意图，并劝他加入我们的行列、放弃多神崇拜，以免他在后世成为地狱的柴火。他很快便皈依了伊斯兰教，并见证了在阿格白（Al-‘Aqabah）举行的那次重要会面。

We set out for pilgrimage and struck a rendezvous in mid Tashreeq Days. We were accompanied by a celebrity and a notable of ours called ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram, who was still a polytheist. We disclosed to him our intention of meeting Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and exhorted him to join our ranks and give up polytheism lest he should serve as wood for Hell in the Hereafter. He promptly embraced Islam and witnessed the serious meeting at Al-‘Aqabah.

那天夜里,我们和族人一同在营地中睡下。过了半夜三分之一的时候,我们悄悄起身离开,在附近的一处小山丘上集合。我们一共七十三名男子和两名女子,她们是来自奈贾尔部落的努赛拜·宾特·凯布,以及来自拜尼·赛莱迈部落的阿斯玛·宾特·阿穆尔。我们等候安拉的使者ﷺ到来,他与叔父阿拔斯·本·阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜一同前来。阿拔斯虽然尚未信奉伊斯兰教,却嘱咐我们:除非我们已完全做好准备,甚至不惜以性命捍卫他,否则不要将他的侄子从其本族的庇护之下带走。他第一个开口说话。

That very night we slept with our people in our camps. After a third of the night had elapsed, we began to leave stealthily and met in a hillock nearby. We were seventy three men and two women Nusaibah bint Ka‘b from the Najjars and Asma’ bint ‘Amr from Bani Salamah. We waited for the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) until he came in the company of his uncle Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul Muttalib who (though himself not a Muslim), adjured us not to draw his nephew away from the protection of his own kindred unless we were fully prepared to defend him even at the risk of our lives. He was the first to speak:

于是使者ﷺ宣讲了信仰，誓约也随之订立。伊玛目艾哈迈德依据哲比尔的传述，给出了如下细节：

The Messenger of Allâh then preached the Faith, and the pledge was taken. Al-Imam Ahmad, on the authority of Jabir, gave the following details:

安согласно说明：圣门的辅士（Ansâr，意为“辅助者”）询问安拉的使者关于他们应当遵从哪些原则立誓归附。先知ﷺ回答道：

The Ansâr (Helpers) asked the Messenger of Allâh about the principles over which they would take a pledge. The Prophet answered:

1. 在一切情况下都要听从和服从。

1. To listen and obey in all sets of circumstances.

2. 富足时与拮据时都要施舍。

2. To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity.

3. 命人行善，禁人作恶。

3. To enjoin good and forbid evil.

4. 在为安拉服务时，你不会畏惧任何人的责难。

4. In Allâh’s service, you will fear the censure of none.

5. 为了在我寻求你们的帮助时保护我，并阻止我去做你们自己、你们的妻子和子女所禁止的事情。如果你们遵守这些戒律，天堂就为你们预备好了。在卡卜所传的另一个版本中，他说：

5. To defend me in case I seek your help, and debar me from anything you debar yourself, your spouses and children from. And if you observe those precepts, Paradise is in store for you. In another version narrated by Ka‘b, he said:

先知ﷺ开始讲话，诵读了一些古兰经文，号召人们归向安拉，劝勉他们进入伊斯兰的大家庭，最后说道：“我以我的承诺向你们保证，你们保护我，就如同你们保护你们的妇女和孩子一样。”这时，阿尔-巴拉·本·马尔鲁尔抓住他的手，说：“是的，我们指着那位以真理派你为使者的安拉起誓，我们必将保护你，就如同我们保护我们的妇女一样。真主的使者啊，请信任我们。以安拉起誓，我们是真正的战士，在战争中十分可靠，这是我们祖先传给我们的品质。”ﷺ

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) began to speak, recited some Qur’ânic verses, called people unto Allâh, exhorted them to enter the fold of Islam and concluded saying: “I give you my pledge that you debar me from whatever you debar your women and children from.” Here Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur, caught him by hand, and said: “Oh yes, we swear by Allâh, Who sent you as a Prophet in Truth, that we will debar you from whatever we debar our women from. Have confidence in us, O Messenger of Allâh. By Allâh, we are genuine fighters and quite reliable in war, it is a trait passed down to us from our ancestors.”.

随后，艾布·海赛姆·泰罕插话说："真主的先知啊！我们与犹太人之间有一些盟约，如今我们将要撕毁。如果真主赐予您权力与胜利，您会不会离开我们，回到您本族的队伍中去（指古莱氏）？"先知ﷺ微笑着回答说：

Then ‘Abul Haitham At-Taihan interrupted and said: “O Prophet of Allâh! Between us and the Jews, there are agreements which we would then sever. If Allâh grants you power and victory, should we expect that you would not leave us, and join the ranks of your people (meaning Quraish)?” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) smiled and replied:

在关于效忠条件的谈判结束后,在场之人一致同意予以确认。随后,两位属于早期皈依者的人站了起来,他们是在第十一年和第十二年皈依伊斯兰教的。他们要向其他人说明即将采取的严肃步骤,使众人在充分了解整件事情的情况下做出承诺,从而准备好为此付出所被期望的牺牲。在此情境下,阿拔斯·本·欧巴达·本·奈德拉说道:"哦,哈兹拉吉人啊!你们知道你们即将与这个人订立的盟约意味着什么吗?你们实际上是在宣告,你们将与所有人作战。如果你们担心自己的财产会受到威胁,或者你们贵族的生命会遭遇危险,那么现在就离开他吧,因为如果你们在宣誓之后这样做,将在今世和后世都使你们蒙羞。但如果你们认为,即使失去宝贵的生命和财产,你们也能完成所被要求做的事情,那么就承担这项沉重的责任吧。我指安拉起誓,善良既在于今世,也在于后世。"

After the negotiations concerning the conditions of allegiance had ended, and all of the audience were unanimously agreed to ratify it, two men of the early generation of converts who had embraced Islam in the eleventh and twelfth years rose to their feet to apprise the others of the serious step they were about to take so that they could give their pledge fully aware of the whole affair and consequently be ready for the sacrifice they were expected to make. Al ‘Abbas bin Ubada bin Nadlah, in this context, remarked: “O you people of Khazraj! Do you know the significance of the pact that you are entering into with this man? You are in fact avowing that you will fight against all and sundry. If you fear that your property will be at stake or the lives of your nobles will be endangered, then leave him now, because if you do this after the pledge, it will be degrading for you both in this world and the world to come. But if you think that you can carry out what you are called upon to do in spite of the loss of precious lives and property, then undertake this heavy responsibility, and I swear by Allâh, that herein lies the good of this world and that of the next.”.

他们回答说:“我们已经考虑过财产的损失和我们显要人物的被杀,但我们仍然向他宣誓效忠。如果我们遵守这份盟约的所有条款,我们将得到什么回报呢?”先知ﷺ回答说:“天堂为你们预备着。”于是他们请求他伸出手来,他们全都伸出手来,立下了誓约。直到那时,阿萨德·本·祖拉拉才意识到人们已准备好为真主的事业而牺牲。

They replied, “We have already considered the loss of property and the murder of our notables, yet we pay him allegiance. But what is our reward if we observe all the items of this pact?” The Prophet replied: “Paradise is in store for you.” Then they asked him to stretch out his hand, and they all stretched out their hands and took the pledge. Only at that time did As‘ad bin Zurarah come to realize the people’s readiness for sacrifice in the cause of Allâh.

据哲比尔传述，他说：“当我们开始向先知ﷺ宣誓效忠时，阿斯阿德·本·祖拉拉站起来，发表了简短的讲话：‘耶斯里卜的人们，慢慢来！我们之所以跋涉这么远的路程，只因我们深信他（穆罕默德ﷺ）是真主的使者。我们已经确信，追随他就意味着脱离异教的阿拉伯人，哪怕要冒生命的危险。如果你们坚守这条道路，坚持到底，你们的伟大回报就在真主的手中；但如果你们心怀恐惧，我劝你们现在就放弃，那样你们在真主面前就更值得原谅。’”

On the authority of Jabir, who said: “When we started to pay allegiance to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) , As‘ad bin Zurarah stood up and gave the following short address: “Take it easy people of Yathrib! We have not covered that long distance except because we have had deep belief that he (Muhammad (Peace be upon him) ) is the Messenger of Allâh. We are already convinced that following him entails departure from the pagan Arabs even if it were at the risk of our life. Should you preserve in this course, holdfast to it, and your great reward is placed in the Hand of Allâh, but if you are caught in fear, I admonish you to give it up just now, and then you would be more excusable by Allâh.”.