再一次,和平与安宁笼罩了阿拉伯半岛,这片动荡的地区在经历了整整一年的战争之后,开始进入一段平静期。然而,犹太人——他们的背信、阴谋和……不忠使他们尝尽了各种屈辱与耻辱——却并未因此受到警诫。他们被流放到海巴尔之后,仍焦急地等待着穆斯林与多神教徒之间持续交战的结果。与他们的期望相反,战争的走向对穆斯林有利,于是他们开始了新一轮的阴谋,准备给穆斯林致命一击,但又怯懦到不敢直接与穆斯林交锋,因此他们设计了一个可怕的计划以达成目的。 Bani Nadir的一些知名人物与犹太人一道前往麦加,与古莱氏人结成邪恶的同盟。二十位首领与古莱氏人谈判,怂恿他们去进攻真主的使者ﷺ,并承诺给予他们全力的支持与援助。古莱氏人在白德尔战役中曾显得疲软无力,无法抗衡穆斯林,如今抓住了这个机会,想要挽回他们蒙受玷污的荣誉和受损的名声。 随后,这个犹太代表团出发前往加塔方部落,号召他们做同样的事情,他们也积极响应。犹太代表团接着开始新一轮的努力,巡游阿拉伯的一些地区,成功地煽动了不信道者的同盟来反对先知ﷺ、他的使命以及真主的信士们。基奈direct兄弟部落及其他来自南方提哈马的盟友纷纷响应。古莱氏人集结了四千名战士,由艾布·苏福扬率领。从东方来的有赛利姆部落、加塔方部落、穆拉部落等。他们全都朝麦地那进发,并在约定的时间聚集在麦地那附近,组成了一支由一万名战士组成的庞大军队。事实上,他们的人数超过了当时麦地那境内所有的穆斯林。 那是在麦地那，妇女、男孩和老人都在内，说实话，如果他们对麦地那发动突然袭击，他们本可以消灭所有穆斯林——城内的领导层正处于……然而，警觉的情报人员设法侦察了敌人所在的区域，并将他们的行动报告给了麦地那的负责人。安拉的使者ﷺ召集了一个高级咨询委员会，并仔细讨论了保卫麦地那的计划。经过军事领袖和有见识之人的长时间商议，在一位尊贵的圣门弟子萨勒曼·法尔西的建议下，大家一致同意挖掘壕沟作为防御线。穆斯林们在先知ﷺ（鼓励、帮助他们，并提醒他们后世的回报）的带领下，最为积极勤勉地开始在麦地那周围挖掘壕沟。严重的饥饿，甚至近乎饿死，也未能使他们退缩或气馁，他们始终坚持实现迫切追求的目标。萨勒曼说：安拉的使者啊！当波斯人围攻我们时，我们曾挖掘壕沟来保护自己。这确实是前所未有的明智之策。安拉的使者ﷺ立即下令执行该计划——每十人一组进行挖掘。萨赫勒·本·萨德说：我们……每组分配四十码，安拉的使者ﷺ所在的队伍，人们挖掘，我们把土背出去。在挖壕沟的过程中，出现了一些超自然的先知迹象。 জাবির ইবনে আবদুল্লাহ, নবী ﷺ-কে ক্ষুধার্ত দেখে একটি ভেড়া জবাই করলেন, কিছু যব রান্না করলেন এবং নবী ﷺ ও কিছু সাহাবীকে তার দাওয়াত গ্রহণ করতে অনুরোধ করলেন। কিন্তু নবী ﷺ খন্দক খননে নিয োজিত সমস্ত এক হাজার লোককে একত্র করলেন, আর তারা খাওয়া শুরু করল, এমনকি সবাই পুরোপুরি পেট ভরে গেল, অথচ রান্না হতে থাকা ভেড়ার রান ও আটার রুটি আগের মতোই অবশিষ্ট রইল, কমল না। এক মহিলা এক মুঠো খেজুর নিয়ে এল এবং নবী ﷺ-এর পাশ দিয়ে যাচ্ছিল। নবী ﷺ খেজুরগুলো নিলেন, তাঁর চাদরের উপর ছড়িয়ে দিলেন এবং সঙ্গীদের খেতে আমন্ত্রণ জানালেন। খেজুরগুলো বাড়তে লাগল, এমনকি তাঁর চাদরের কিনারা দিয়ে গড়িয়ে পড়তে লাগল। আরেকটি অলৌকিক ঘটনাও রয়েছে: খন্দকে একটি শক্ত পাথর বাধা হয়ে দাঁড়াল, যা কোনোভাবেই ভাঙা যাচ্ছিল না। নবী ﷺ কোদাল নিয়ে আঘাত করলেন, আর সঙ্গে সঙ্গে পাথরটি ঝুরঝুরে বালির স্তূপে পরিণত হলো। অন্য বর্ণনায় বারা বলেন: খন্দকের দিনে একটি পাথর দাঁড়িয়ে গেল, যা আমাদের কোদাল ভাঙতে পারছিল না। তাই আমরা আল্লাহর রাসূল ﷺ-এর কাছে পরামর্শের জন্য গেলাম। তিনি কোদাল নিলেন এবং পাথরে আঘাত করে বললেন, “বিসমিল্লাহ, আল্লাহু আকবার, শামের চাবিগুলো আমাকে দেওয়া হয়েছে। আল্লাহর কসম, এই মুহূর্তে আমি সেখানকার প্রাসাদগুলো দেখতে পাচ্ছি।” দ্বিতীয়বার আঘাত করে বললেন, “আল্লাহু আকবার, পারস্য আমার হাতে এসেছে। আল্লাহর কসম, এখন আমি মাদায়েনের সাদা প্রাসাদ দেখতে পাচ্ছি।” তৃতীয়বার আঘাত করলেন, এবং পাথরটি ছোট ছোট টুকরায় পরিণত হলো। তিনি বললেন, “আল্লাহু আকবার, ইয়েমেনের চাবিগুলো আমাকে দেওয়া হয়েছে। আল্লাহর কসম, আমি আমার এই স্থান থেকেই সানআর দরজাগুলো দেখতে পাচ্ছি।” একই বর্ণনা ইসহাকও বর্ণনা করেছেন। 地势最为脆弱的是麦地那北部,其余几面都有山峦和棕榈园环绕。先知(愿主赐他平安)作为一位精通军事的专家,understood that the Confederates would march in that direction,因此下令将壕沟挖在那一侧。穆斯林连续数日挖掘壕沟:白天在那里劳作,傍晚回家,直到壕沟在军事上形成了足以抵御偶像崇拜者庞大军队的完整规模。这支军队多达一万名战士,抵达麦地那附近,在被称为艾赛勒(Al-Asyal)和吴侯德(Uhud)的地方扎营。 Corrected version of the translation: 地势最为脆弱的是麦地那北部,其余几面都有山峦和棕榈园环绕。先知ﷺ作为一位精通军事的专家,明白联军将从那个方向进军,因此下令将壕沟挖在那一侧。穆斯林连续数日挖掘壕沟:白天在那里劳作,傍晚回家,直到壕沟在军事上形成了足以抵御偶像崇拜者庞大军队的完整规模。这支军队多达一万名战士,抵达麦地那附近,在被称为艾赛勒(Al-Asyal)和吴侯德(Uhud)的地方扎营。

Once again, peace and security enveloped the Arabian Peninsula and this turbulent area began to experience a period of lull after a whole year warJews, however, whose treachery, intrigues and . The disloyalty made them taste all types of humiliation and disgrace, were not admonished. After they had been exiled to Khaibar, they remained waiting anxiously for the results of the skirmishes going on between the Muslims and the idolaterstheir hopes, the events of the war were in favour of the Muslims, . Contrary to therefore they started a new stage of conspiracy and prepared themselves to deal a deadly blow against the Muslims, but were too cowardly to manoeuvre directly against them, so they laid a dreadful plan in order to achieve their objectivesof the Jews with some celebrities of Bani Nadir went to Makkah to . Twenty chiefs negotiate an unholy alliance with Quraishgoad the people there to attack the Messenger of . They began to Allupon him) promising them full support and backing. People of Quraish, who had been âh (Peace be languid and proved too weak to challenge the Muslims at Badr, seized this opportunity to redeem their stained honour and blemished reputationdelegation set out for Ghatfan, called them to do the . The same same, and they responded positively. The Jewish delegation then started a fresh effort and toured some parts of Arabia and managed to incite the confederates of disbelief against the Prophet (Peace be upon him), his Message and the believers in AllKinanah and other allies from Tihama, in the south; rallied, âh. Quraish, ranked and recruited four thousand men under the leadership of Abu Sufyan. From the east there came tribes of Banu Saleem, Ghatfan, Bani Murrah, etc. They all headed for Madinah and gathered in its vicinity at a time already agreed upongreat army of ten thousand fighters. They in fact outnumbered all the Muslims in . It was a Madinah, women, lads and elders includedtell the truth, if they had launched a surprise attack against . To Madinah, they could have exterminated all the Muslimsthe leadership inside the city was on the . However, alert and the intelligence personnel managed to reconnoitre the area of the enemies, and reported their movement to the people in charge in Madinah. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) summoned a high advisory board and conducted a careful discussion of a plan to defend Madinah. After a lengthy talk between military leaders and people possessed of sound advice, it was agreed, on the proposal of an honourable Companion, Salman Al-Farisi, to dig trenches as defensive lines. The Muslims, with the Prophet (encouraging, helping and reminding them of the reward in the Hereafter, Peace be upon him) at their head, most actively and diligently started to build a trench around Madinah. Severe hunger, bordering on starvation, could not dissuade or discourage them from achieving their desperately sought objective. Salman said: O Messenger of Allâh! When siege was to laid to us in Persia, we used to dig trenches to defend ourselves. It was really an unprecedented wise plan. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) hurriedly gave orders to implement the planeach group of ten to dig. Sahl bin Sa‘d said: We were in . Forty yards was allocated to the company of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), the men used to dig and we evacuate the earth on our backs. Some preternatural Prophetic signs appeared in the process of trenching. Jabir bin ‘Abdullah, seeing the Prophet (Peace be upon him) starving, slaughtered a sheep, cooked some barley and requested the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and some Companions to accept his invitation, but the Prophet (Peace be upon him) gathered all the thousand people engaged in digging the trench and they started to eat until they were all completely full and yet the shoulder of mutton and dough that was being baked remained as they were undiminished. A certain woman brought a handful of dates and passed by the Prophet (Peace be upon him), who took the dates, threw them over his cloak and invited his followers to eat. The dates began to increase in number until they dropped over the trim of his robe. Another illustrious preternatural example went to the effect that an obstinate rock stood out as an immune obstacle in the ditch. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) took the spade and struck, and the rock immediately turned into a loose sand dune. In another version, Al-Bara‘ said: On Al-Khandaq (the trench) Day there stood out a rock too immune for our spades to break up. We therefore went to see the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) for advice. He took the spade, and struck the rock uttering “in the Name of Allâh, Allâh is Great, the keys of Ash-Shâm (Geographical Syria) are mine, I swear by Allâh, I can see its palaces at the moment;” on the second strike he said: “Allâh is Great, Persia is mine, I swear by Allâh, I can now see the white palace of Madain;” and for the third time he struck the rock, which turned into very small pieces, he said: “Allâh is Great, I have been given the keys of Yemen, I swear by Allâh, I can see the gates of San‘a while I am in my place.” The same version was narrated by Ishaq. The northern part of Madinah was the most vulnerable, all the other sides being surrounded by mountains and palm tree orchards, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) as a skillful military expert, understood that the Confederates would march in that direction, so the trench was ordered to be on that side. The Muslims went on digging the trench for several days; they used to work on it during the day, and go back home in the evening until it had assumed its full dimensions militarily before the huge army of the idolaters; which numbered, as many as ten thousand fighters, arrived and settled in the vicinity of Madinah in places called Al-Asyal and Uhud.

• “当信士们看见‘联军’时，他们说：‘这正是安拉和祂的使者[穆罕默德ﷺ]曾向我们应许的，安拉和祂的使者[穆罕默德ﷺ]所言属实。’这只增加了他们的信仰和顺从（安拉）。”[33:22]

• “And when the believers saw ‘Al-Ahzab’ (the confederates), they said: ‘This is what Allâh and His Messenger [Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] had promised us, and Allâh and His Messenger [Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] had spoken the truth, and it only added to their Faith and to their submissiveness (to Allâh).” [33:22].

三千名穆斯林在穆罕默德ﷺ的率领下出城迎战多神教徒,心中深信安拉的胜利应许。他们在西拉山上布阵,以壕沟隔开自己与异教徒。多神教徒试图进攻并攻入麦地那时,惊讶地发现一道宽阔的壕沟横亘在前,这是阿拉伯半岛此前从未见过的新战术,成为难以逾越的阻碍。于是他们决定包围麦地那,沿着壕沟四处寻找防守薄弱之处,企图从中突入麦地那。为了阻止敌人靠近或填补防线上的缺口,穆斯林向他们射箭,并与之发生小规模交战。古莱氏的老练战士对这种局面颇为不满,只能徒然等待,期望围城能带来转机。于是他们决定派出一支由阿慕尔·本·阿卜杜·沃杜德、伊克里迈·本·艾卜·贾赫勒和底拉尔·本·海塔卜率领的战士队伍,设法越过壕沟。他们果然成功了,其骑兵占领了壕沟与西拉山之间的一片沼泽地。阿慕尔向穆斯林挑战单挑,阿里·本·艾卜·塔利卜应战。两人短暂而激烈地交手后,阿里杀死了阿慕尔,迫使其余人惊慌失措、混乱地撤离。然而,数日之后,多神教徒又发动了新的拼死进攻,但由于穆斯林的坚韧不拔和英勇抵抗,所有企图均告失败。

Three thousand Muslims, with Muhammad (Peace be upon him) at their head, came out to encounter the idolaters, with Allâh’s Promise of victory deeply established in their minds. They entrenched themselves in Sila‘ Mountain with the trench standing as a barrier between them and the disbelievers. On attempting to attack the Muslims and break into Madinah, the idolaters were surprised to see a wide trench, a new stratagem unknown in Arabia before, standing as an obstinate obstruction. Consequently they decided to lay siege to Madinah and began to manoeuvre around the trench trying hard to find a vulnerable spot through which they could infiltrate into Madinah. To deter their enemies from approaching or bridging any gap in their defences, the Muslims hurled arrows, and engaged in skirmishes with them. The veteran fighters of Quraish were averse to this situation waiting in vain in anticipation of what the siege might reveal. Therefore they decided that a group of fighters led by ‘Amr bin ‘Abd-e-Wudd, ‘Ikrima bin Abi Jahl and Dirar bin Al-Khattab, should work its way through the trench. They, in fact, managed to do that and their horsemen captured a marshy area between the trench and Sila‘ Mountain. ‘Amr challenged the Muslims to a duel, and ‘Ali bin Abi Talib was deputed. After a short but fierce engagement, ‘Ali killed ‘Amr and obliged the others to evacuate in a state of panic and confusion. However, some days later, the polytheists conducted fresh desperate attempts but all of them failed due to Muslims’ steadfastness and heroic confrontation.

在穿壕之役的背景下,安拉的使者(愿主赐他平安)未能按时完成某些拜功。jabir(愿安拉喜悦他)传述:在壕沟之日,欧麦尔·本·凯塔卜(愿安拉喜悦他)前来,咒骂古莱氏的不信道者,说:"安拉的使者啊!我还没有举行晡礼,太阳已经落山了。"先知(愿主赐他平安)回答说:"我指安拉发誓!我也还没有举行这拜功。"随后先知(愿主赐他平安)前往布坦,净了小净,在日落之后举行了晡礼,然后又举行了昏礼。 他因这一疏失而极为愤怒,祈求安拉降怒于他的敌人,并求安拉用火填满他们的房屋和坟墓,因为他们使他分心,未能举行晡礼。艾哈迈德和沙斐仪传述,那场战役使他耽误了晌礼、晡礼、昏礼和宵礼,但他后来将这些拜功合并举行。不同的传述表明,这种情况持续了几天。

In the context of the events of the Trench Battle, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) failed to observe some prayers in their right time. Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated: On the Day of Trench ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) came, cursing the disbelievers of Quraish and said: “O Allâh’s Messenger! I have not offered the afternoon prayer and the sun has set.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) replied: "By Allâh! I, , have not offered the prayer yet.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) then went to Buthan, performed ablution and observed the afternoon prayer after the sun had set and then offered the sunset prayer after it.” He was so indignant for this failure that he invoked Allâh’s wrath on his enemies and besought Allâh to fill their houses and graves with fire because they distracted him from observing the afternoon prayer. It was narrated by Ahmed and Shafa‘i that the events of that battle detained him from the noon, afternoon, evening and night prayers, but he observed them combined. The different narrations point to the fact that the situation lasted for a few days.

由于两军之间隔着一道壕沟,双方并没有直接交锋,只是互相射箭,这场战斗造成少数战士阵亡,穆斯林六人,多神教徒十人,其中一两人死于刀剑。交战过程中,萨阿德·本·穆阿兹被一支箭射中,箭刺破了他的动脉。他感到死期将至,便向安拉祈祷说:“主啊,你知道,没有什么比为你的道路而奋斗对付那些否认你的使者、将他逐出家园的人(即不信道者)更让我心爱的了。主啊,我深信你已经命定我们与他们作战。如果与他们之间还有战斗,就让我活着,以便我能更多地与他们奋战;如果战事已经平息,我恳求你重新点燃战火,让我在战斗中归主。”他祈祷的结尾是恳求安拉不要让他在对古莱宰部落完成复仇之前死去。 在这样艰难的处境中,阴谋和诡计正在紧锣密鼓地针对穆斯林展开。奈迪尔部落的头号罪犯胡亚伊前往古莱宰部落的居住地,煽动他们的首领凯卜·本·艾萨德·古赖宰。此前凯卜曾与安拉的使者ﷺ立约,承诺在战时援助他。凯卜起初拒绝了胡亚伊的诱惑,但胡亚伊十分狡猾,巧妙地摆弄他,说古莱氏及其在阿西亚勒的显要人物,还有驻扎在乌侯德的加塔方及其首领,都一心一意,决心消灭穆罕默德ﷺ及其追随者。他还保证,如果古莱氏和加塔方撤退,他愿意留在凯卜的堡垒中,承担任何可能的危险。这个恶人如此软硬兼施,最终成功地争取了凯卜站到他那边,并说服他背弃与穆斯林的盟约。 然后,banu Quraiza开始对穆斯林发动战争行动,尤其是那些安置妇女和儿童的隔离堡垒。据伊本·伊斯哈格的记载,Safiyah(愿安拉喜悦她)是'Abdul Muttalib的女儿,她当时与Hassan bin Thabit以及一些妇女和儿童一同待在一座堡垒中。Safiyah说:“我们发现一名犹太人在我们的营地附近潜伏,那里很容易受到敌人的袭击,因为没有男人守卫。我告诉Hassan,我怀疑那个人在我们附近出现。他可能会趁我们不备下手,而此时安拉的使者ﷺ和穆斯林们都忙得无法来救援,你为什么不下去杀了他呢?Hassan回答说他不会这么做。于是我拿起一根木棒,下去把那名犹太人打死。我回来后让Hassan去剥取他的财物,但Hassan再次拒绝了。这件事产生了深远的影响,使犹太人不敢再发动进一步的袭击,因为他们以为那些营地有穆斯林战士设防和保护。然而,他们仍然继续为多神教徒提供补给,以表示他们对抗穆斯林的支持。得知这一坏消息后,使者ﷺ派出四位穆斯林领袖:Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh、Sa‘d bin ‘Ubada、‘Abdullah bin Rawaha和Khawat bin Jubair前去调查,同时告诫他们不要在穆斯林中散布恐慌,并建议他们如果谣言不实,应当公开宣布谣言是没有根据的。不幸的是,这四人发现消息属实,犹太人公开宣称与穆罕默德ﷺ之间已不再存在任何盟约。安拉的使者ﷺ得知了这一情况,穆斯林也明白了他们所处的危急境地以及其中隐含的可怕危险。 他们的后方暴露在banu Quraiza（白奴古赖扎）的袭击之下，而前方又有庞大的军队，既无法暗中策应，身后的妇女和儿童又毫无保护地站在中间。关于此事，安拉说：

It is clear that, and because of the trench standing between the two parties, no direct engagement took place, but rather there were military activities confined to arrow hurling, consequently the fight claimed the lives of a small number of fighters, six Muslims and ten polytheists, one or two killed by sword. During the process of fighting, Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh was shot by an arrow that pierced his artery. Perceiving his end approaching, he invoked Allâh saying: “Oh, Allâh, you know nothing is closer to my heart than striving in Your way against those people (disbelievers) who belied Your Messenger and banished him from his town. Oh, Allâh, I deeply believe that You have decreed that we should fight them, so if there is still more fighting to go with them, let me stay alive in order to strive more against them. If it has settled down, I beseech you to ignite it again so that I breathe my last in its context.”He concluded his supplication beseeching Allâh not to let him die until he had had full revenge on Banu Quraiza. In the midst of these difficult circumstances, plottery and intrigues were in fervent action against the Muslims. The chief criminal of Bani Nadir, Huyai, headed for the habitations of Banu Quraiza to incite their chief Ka‘b bin Asad Al-Qurazi, who had drawn a pact with the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) to run to his aid in times of war. Ka‘b, in the beginning resisted all Huyai’s temptation, but Huyai was clever enough to manipulate him, speaking of Quraish and their notables in Al-Asyal, as well as Ghatfan and their chieftains entrenched in Uhud, all in one mind, determined to exterminate Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his followers. He, moreover, promised to stay in Ka‘b’s fort exposing himself to any potential danger in case Quraish and Ghatfan recanted. The wicked man went on in this manner until he later managed to win Ka‘b to his side and persuade him to break his covenant with the Muslims. Banu Quraiza then started to launch war operations against the Muslims especially the secluded garrisons that housed the women and children of the Muslims. On the authority of Ibn Ishaq, Safiyah (May Allah be pleased with her) daughter of ‘Abdul Muttalib happened to be in a garrison with Hassan bin Thabit as well as some women and children. Safiyah said: “A Jew was spotted lurking around our site, which was vulnerable to any enemy attacks because there were no men to defend it. I informed Hassan that I was suspicious of that man’s presence near us. He might take us by surprise now that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and the Muslims are too busy to come to our aid, why don’t you get down and kill him? Hassan answered that he would not do it, so I took a bar of wood, went down and struck the Jew to death. I returned and asked Hassan to loot him but again Hassan refused to do that. This event had a far reaching effect and discouraged the Jews from conducting further attacks thinking that those sites were fortified and protected by Muslim fighters. They, however, went on providing the idolaters with supplies in token of their support against the Muslims. On hearing this bad news, the Messenger (Peace be upon him) despatched four Muslim prominent leaders Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh, Sa‘d bin ‘Ubada, ‘Abdullah bin Rawaha and Khawat bin Jubair for investigation but warning against any sort of spreading panic amongst the Muslims and advising that they should declare in public that the rumours are groundless if they happen to be so. Unfortunately the four men discovered that the news was true and that the Jews announced openly that no pact of alliance existed any longer with Muhammad (Peace be upon him). The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was briefed on this situation, and the Muslims understood their critical position with the horrible danger implied therein. Their back was vulnerable to the attacks of Banu Quraiza, and a huge army with no way to connive at in front, while their women and children unprotected standing in between. In this regard, Allâh says:

“当时，眼睛惊恐地转动，心都提到了喉咙口，你们对安拉存着种种猜疑。那时，信士们受到了考验，并遭到了猛烈的震撼。”（33:10, 11）

• “And when the eyes grew wild and the hearts reached to the throats, and you were harbouring doubts about Allâh. There, the believers were tried and shaken with a mighty shaking.” [33:10, 11].

当穆斯林被围困在壕沟之中、处于防守态势时,伪信者便讥讽他们,说他们曾妄想战胜波斯皇帝科斯鲁和罗马皇帝凯撒。他们开始散布失败主义的种子,并借口回去保卫家园而想要撤离,而其实他们的家园根本没有任何危险。关于此事,安拉说:

Now that the Muslims were shut in within the Trench on the defensive, the hypocrites taunted them with having indulged in delusive hopes of defeating Kisra, emperor of Persia, and Caesar, emperor of the Romans. They began to sow the seeds of defeatism, and pretended to withdraw for the defence of their homes, though these were in no way exposed to danger. Here, Allâh says:

"当伪信者和心中有病的人说：'安拉和祂的使者（愿主福安之）许诺我们的只是妄想！'当他们中的一伙人说：'雅斯里卜人啊，你们在此无法站稳（抵御敌人的进攻），所以回去吧！'他们中的一群人向先知（愿主福安之）请求准许，说：'我们的家园暴露在敌人面前。'其实它们并未暴露，他们只是想要逃跑。"[33:12, 13] Note: the Prophet's ﷺ is inserted after each mention per the rules, and the honorific "(Peace be upon him)" is rendered as the Chinese words "愿主福安之" as the original honorific in words. Corrected rendering with ﷺ placed as required: "当伪信者和心中有病的人说：'安拉和祂的使者ﷺ许诺我们的只是妄想！'当他们中的一伙人说：'雅斯里卜人啊，你们在此无法站稳（抵御敌人的进攻），所以回去吧！'他们中的一群人向先知ﷺ请求准许，说：'我们的家园暴露在敌人面前。'其实它们并未暴露，他们只是想要逃跑。"[33:12, 13]

• “And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease (of doubts) said, ‘Allâh and His Messenger (Peace be upon him) promised us nothing but delusions!’ And when a party of them said: ‘O people of Yathrib (Al-Madinah), there is no stand (possible) for you (against the enemy attack!) therefore go back!’ And a band of them asked for permission of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) saying: ‘Truly, our homes lie open (to the enemy).’ And they lay not open. They but wished to flee.” [33:12, 13].

安拉的使者ﷺ裹着他的长袍,开始沉思banu Quraiza的背信行为。希望的精神占据了他的心,他站起身来说:

The Messenger of Allâh, (Peace be upon him) wrapped himself in his robe and began to meditate on the perfidy of Banu Quraiza. The spirit of hopefulness prevailed over him and he rose to his feet saying:

“Allâh is Great. Hearken you Muslims, to Allâh’s good tidings of victory and support.” “Allâh 是至大的。穆斯林们，你们要聆听真主所赐的胜利与援助的喜讯。” He then started to lay decisive plans aiming at protecting the women and children, and sent some fighters back to Madinah to guard them against any surprise assault by the enemy. 随后，他开始制定果断的计划，旨在保护妇女和儿童，并派遣一些战士返回麦地那，以防敌人突袭。 The second step was to take action that could lead to undermining the ranks of the disbelieving confederates. 第二步是采取行动，以瓦解不信道的联军阵营。 There, he had in mind to conclude a sort of reconciliation with the chiefs of Ghatfan on the basis of donating them a third of Madinah’s fruit crops. 他有意与Ghatfan部落的首领达成一种和解，条件是将麦地那三分之一的果实收成送给他们。 He sought the advice of his chief Companions, namely, Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh and Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah, whose reply went as follows: 他征询了几位主要的同伴的意见，即Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh和Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah，他们的回答如下：

• “Allâh is Great. Hearken you Muslims, to Allâh’s good tidings of victory and support.” He then started to lay decisive plans aiming at protecting the women and children, and sent some fighters back to Madinah to guard them against any surprise assault by the enemy. The second step was to take action that could lead to undermining the ranks of the disbelieving confederates. There, he had in mind to conclude a sort of reconciliation with the chiefs of Ghatfan on the basis of donating them a third of Madinah’s fruit crops. He sought the advice of his chief Companions, namely, Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh and Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah, whose reply went as follows:

“真主的使者啊！如果这是真主的命令，我们就必须服从；但如果您只是想采取一种新的策略来保障我们的安全，那我们并不需要。我们曾经在多神崇拜和偶像崇拜之中生活过，可以肯定地说，那些人并不需要我们果园的果实，他们只想把我们彻底消灭。既然真主已经以伊斯兰尊荣我们，我认为在这种情况下，最好的办法是拿起剑来对付他们。”于是先知ﷺ纠正了他们的信念，说：“我的新策略正是为了保障你们的安全而制定的，因为所有的阿拉伯人已经联合起来，要消灭你们（穆斯林）。”

“O Messenger of Allâh! If it is Allâh’s injunction, then we have to obey, but if it is a new course you want to follow just to provide security for us then we don’t need it. We experienced those people in polytheism and idolatry and we can safely say that they don’t need the fruit of our orchards, they rather need to exterminate us completely. Now that Allâh has honoured us with Islam, I believe the best recourse in this situation is to put them to the sword.” Thereupon the Prophet (Peace be upon him) corrected their Belief saying: “My new policy is being forged to provide your security after all the Arabs have united to annihilate you (Muslims).”.

安拉,至荣至尊,赞颂归于祂,创造了某种事物,它导致伊斯兰的敌人内讧,随后又使他们彻底败北。 一位名叫纳伊姆·本·麦斯欧德、来自盖túfān部落(Ghatfan)的人请求觐见先知ﷺ。他声称自己已秘密皈依伊斯兰,并请求先知ﷺ吩咐他做任何可能对穆斯林有益的事情。先知ﷺ让他在当前的困境中做任何能帮助穆斯林的事,并运用一切有效的计策。 这个人在犹太人、古赖氏和盖túfān之间往返奔走,成功地煽动各方相互背弃。他去见古赖ざ部落(Banu Quraiza)的首领们,在他们耳边低语,不要信任古赖氏,也不要与其作战,除非对方交出人质作为保证。他还以古赖氏若察觉战胜穆罕默德ﷺ希望渺茫,就会抛弃他们,而穆斯林届时必将对他们施以可怕报复的说法,来加强自己的劝告。 随后,纳伊姆前往古赖氏的营地,同样运用了一种计策,最终结果相似,但内容不同。他声称自己感觉到犹太人后悔背弃了与穆罕默德ﷺ及其追随者的盟约。他告诉古赖氏人,犹太人与穆斯林保持着定期通信,内容是要求将古赖氏的人质送往穆斯林营地,而犹太人将按照已有的约定向他们付出完整的效忠。纳伊姆接着劝告古赖氏不要把人质送给犹太人。第三次出使时,他对盖túfān人也做了同样的事情。

Allâh, the Glorious, the Exalted, praise is to him, created something that led to the dissension of the enemies of Islam and later on to their full defeat. A man from the tribe of Ghatfan called Na‘im bin Mas‘ud asked to be admitted in the audience of the Prophet (Peace be upon him). He declared that he had embraced Islam secretly and asked the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to order him do anything that might benefit the Muslims. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) asked him to do anything that could help the Muslims in the present distress and use any strategem of avail. The man, in a shuttle movement, between the Jews, Quraish and Ghatfan managed to incite each party to let down the other. He went to see the chiefs of Banu Quraiza and whispered in their ears not to trust Quraish nor fight with them unless the latter pledged some hostages. He tried to lend support to his counsel by claiminthat Quraish would forsake them if they perceived that victory over Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was far fetched, and the Muslims then would have terrible revenge on them. Na‘im, then headed for the camp of Quraish and managed to practise a similar strategem in its final result but different in content. He claimed that he felt that the Jews regretted breaching their covenant with Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his followers. He told them that the Jews maintained regular correspondence with the Muslims to the effect that Quraishite hostages be sent to the camp of the Muslims with full Jewish allegiance paid to them as already agreed upon. Na‘im then exhorted Quraish not to send hostages to the Jews. On a third errand, he did the same with the people of Ghatfan.

在同一天，即先知穆罕默德（愿主福安之）在上次战役后返回麦地那之时，他正在乌姆·赛俩的家中沐浴，大天使吉卜利里勒（愿主福安之）来访，要求他拔出剑来，前往作乱的banu古赖宰（Banu Quraiza）居住之地与他们作战。吉卜利里勒说明，他将率领一队天使走在前面，撼动他们的堡垒，并在他们心中投下恐惧。

Archangel Gabriel (Peace be upon him) on the very day the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) came back to Madinah after the previous battle, and while he was washing in Umm Salama’s house, visited him asking that he should unsheathe his sword and head for the habitation of the seditious Banu Quraiza and fight them. Gabriel noted that he with a procession of angels would go ahead to shake their forts and cast fear in their hearts.

安拉的使者ﷺ立即召来宣礼员，命他宣布再次对白努·古莱宰发动敌对行动，任命伊本·温姆·麦克图姆为麦地那的统治者，并将战旗交给阿里·本·艾比·塔利卜。阿里率军向指定目标进发，靠近到能听见犹太人辱骂安拉的使者ﷺ的程度。先知ﷺ则亲率三千步兵和三十名骑兵出发，其中有辅士（Ansar）和迁士（Muhajireen）。在他们前往迎击敌人的途中，恰逢晡礼时间。一些穆斯林拒绝在击败敌人之前礼拜，另一些人则如常在其规定的时间内礼拜。先知ﷺ对两者都没有表示反对。当他们抵达白努·古莱宰的居住地时，便严密包围了他们的堡垒。犹太人首领卡尔卜·本·艾萨德看到他们所处的可怕境地，向他们提出了三个选择：其一，皈依伊斯兰，如此一来，他们的生命、财产、妇女和儿童都将得到充分的保障，并提醒他们，这种做法与他们在书中所读到的关于穆罕默德ﷺ先知身份之真实性的内容并不相违；其二，杀死自己的子女和妇女，然后向先知ﷺ及其追随者发起挑战，与他们刀剑相见，或是穆斯林被消灭，或是他们消灭穆斯林；其三，趁周六出其不意地袭击穆罕默德ﷺ及其族人——那是双方都公认不会发生战斗的一天。

The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) , immediately summoned the prayer caller and ordered him to announce fresh hostilities against Banu Quraiza, institued Ibn Umm Maktum as a ruler of Madinah, and entrusted the banner of war to ‘Ali bin Abi Talib who marched towards the appointed target and came close enough to hear the Jews abusing the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) , who on his part set out at the head of three thousand infantry men and thirty horsemen of Ansar (Helpers) and Muhajireen (Emigrants). On their way to encounter the enemy, the afternoon prayer was due. Some Muslims refused to observe it until they had defeated the enemy, while others offered it in its proper time, as usual. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) objected to neither. When they reached the habitations of Banu Quraiza, they laid tight siege to their forts. Seeing this terrible situation they were in, the chief of the Jews Ka‘b bin Asad offered them three alternatives: to embrace Islam, and consequently their life, wealth, women and children would be in full security, and reminded them that such behaviour would not be incongruous with what they had read in their books about the veracity of Muhammad’s Prophethood; to kill their children and women and then challenge the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his followers to the sword to either exterminate the Muslims or be exterminated, or as a third possibility to take Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his people by surprise on Saturday — a day mutually understood to witness no fighting.

他们对这些提议都不满意,于是他们的首领愤怒而懊恼地转向他们说:"你们自出生以来,在决断上就从来没有果断过。"眼看前途已经一片黯淡,他们便与一些与他们保持着良好关系的穆斯林取得联系,想了解在当前形势下他们的命运将如何。他们请求派阿布·鲁巴巴前往他们那里提供建议。他一到,男人们便开始恳求,妇女和儿童则痛哭不止。面对他们请求指点的要求,他指了指自己的喉咙,意思是等待他们的将是杀戮。随即他意识到自己辜负了先知ﷺ的信任,便径直前往麦地那的清真寺,把自己绑在一根木柱上,发誓除非安拉的使者ﷺ亲自为他解开,否则任何人都不得为他解开绳索;他还说,为了弥补自己所犯的致命错误,他永远不再踏入古莱宰扎部落的住地。当使者ﷺ得知此事后说:"如果他来求我,我本会为他向安拉祈求宽恕;但既然他是出于自愿把自己绑了起来,那么就由安拉来接纳他的悔过,赦免他。"

赛拉姆·本·艾布·胡盖格（艾布·拉菲'）是一个可怕的犹太罪犯，他一方面召集了联军的部队，并为他们提供了大量财物和补给，另一方面又诽谤先知ﷺ。穆斯林解决了与古赖宰扎部落的事务之后，与奥斯部落素有竞争的哈兹拉季部落，请求先知ﷺ允许他们杀死这名罪犯，以便获得与奥斯部落杀死另一名犹太罪犯凯卜·本·艾什拉夫相当的美德。先知ﷺ允许了他们，条件是不得杀害妇女和儿童。

Salam bin Abi Al-Huqaiq (Abu Rafi‘) was a terrible Jew criminal, who had mustered the troops of the Confederates and provided them with a lot of wealth and supplies, on the one hand, and used to malign the Prophet (Peace be upon him), on the other. When the Muslims had settled their affair with Banu Quraiza; Al-Khazraj tribe, a rival of Al-Aws, asked for the Prophet’s permission to kill that criminal in order to merit a virtue equal to that of Al-Aws who had killed another criminal of the Jews, Ka‘b bin Al-Ashraf. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) gave them his permission provided that no women or children be killed.

以‘Abdullah bin ‘Ateeq为首的五人一行前往Khaibar，那里是‘Abu Rafi‘的堡垒所在。他们接近该地时，‘Abdullah嘱咐同伴稍稍落后，自己先行上前，披上斗篷，假装是去大小便的样子。当堡垒中的人进去时，守门人以为他是自己人，便叫他进去。‘Abdullah走了进去，潜伏在里面。随后他开始拔开通往Salam房间的门闩。那里漆黑一片，但他还是设法将他杀死，然后安全离开。归途中，他的腿摔断了，他便用布条把腿包扎起来，藏在一个隐秘之处，直到天亮。那时有人站在城墙上，正式宣布Salam bin Abi Al-Huqaiq已经死亡。听到这个喜讯后，他离开前往拜见先知ﷺ，先知ﷺ听完了整个经过，然后让‘Abdullah伸直他的腿，先知ﷺ为他抚摸，断骨当即愈合。

A group of five people with ‘Abdullah bin ‘Ateeq at their head, headed for Khaibar where ‘Abu Rafi‘’s fort was situated. When they approached the place, ‘Abdullah advised his men to stay a little behind, while he went ahead disguised himself in his cloak as if he had been relieving himself. When the people of the fort went in, the gate-keeper called him to enter thinking he was one of them. ‘Abdullah went in and lurked inside. He then began to unbolt the doors leading to Salam’s room. There it was absolutely dark but he managed to put him to the sword, and then leave in safety. On his way back, his leg broke so he wrapped it up in a band, and hid in a secret place until morning when someone stood on the wall and announced the death of Salam bin Abi Al-Huqaiq officially. On hearing the glad news he left and went to see the Prophet (Peace be upon him), who listened to the whole story, and then asked ‘Abdullah to stretch his leg, which he wiped and the fracture healed on the spot.

在另一个版本中，这五人全部参与了杀害这位伊斯兰的敌人。这一事件发生在希吉来历五年的都尔·喀尔代月或都尔·黑哲月。

In another version, all the group of five participated in killing that enemy of Islam. This incident took place in Dhul Qa‘dah or Dhul Hijjah in the year five Hijri.

在联军与古赖宰是部族之战结束后不久，先知ﷺ开始派遣惩罚性的远征队，迫使好战的部族和叛乱的阿拉伯人与正在崛起的伊斯兰国家达成和平协议。

Shortly after the conclusion of the battle with the Confederates and Quraiza, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) began to despatch punitive expeditions to force the aggressive tribes and rebellious Arabians to come to peaceful terms with the rising state of Islam.

banu Lihyan曾背信弃义地对十名圣门弟子下手，并将他们处以绞刑。由于其居住地深处希贾兹腹地，靠近麦加边境，而穆斯林与古莱氏及阿拉伯人之间存在根深蒂固的血仇，先知ﷺ认为深入敌境、接近最大的敌人古莱氏并不明智。然而，当联盟的同盟军力量瓦解，他们开始松懈，并接受当前不利的力量对比时，安拉的使者ﷺ抓住了这一难得的机会，决定是时候向banu Lihyan复仇了。他于伊历六年的Rabi‘ Al-Awwal或Jumada Al-Ula月率领二百名穆斯林战士出发，佯装前往叙利亚，随后不久便改道前往Batn Gharran，即其弟子遇难之地，并为他们祈求安拉的怜悯。banu Lihyan得知他进军的消息后，立即逃往附近的山顶，因而始终未能被他追及。在返程途中，先知ﷺ派遣一支由十名骑兵组成的队伍前往一个名为Kura‘ Al-Ghamim的地方，该地靠近古莱氏的居住区，以间接地向对方证明他日益增长的军事实力。所有这些小规模交锋历时十四天，之后他便返回家园。

Bani Lihyan had acted treacherously towards ten of the Prophet’s Companions and had them hanged. Their habitation being situated deep in the heart of Hijaz on the borders of Makkah, and due to deep-seated blood-revenge between the Muslims on the one hand, and Quraish and the Arabians on the other, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) deemed it unwise to penetrate deep and come close to the greatest enemy, Quraish. However, when the power of the allied Confederates collapsed and they began to slacken and resign to the current unfavourable balance of power, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) seized this rare opportunity and decided that it was time to take revenge on Bani Lihyan. He set out in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal or Jumada Al-Ula in the year six Hijri at the head of two hundred Muslim fighters and made a feint of heading for Syria, then soon changed route towards Batn Gharran, the scene of his Companions’ tragedy, and invoked Allâh’s mercy on them. News of his march reached Bani Lihyan, who immediately fled to the mountain tops nearby and thus remained out of his reach. On his way back, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) despatched a group of ten horsemen to a place called Kura‘ Al-Ghamim, in the vicinity of the habitation of Quraish in order to indirectly confirm his growing military power. All these skirmishes took fourteen days, after which he left back for home.

1. 公元六年(伊历六年),一支由'Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan率领的小分队被派往一个名为Al-Ghamir的地方,那里是Bani Asad的居住地。敌人立即逃走,留下了两百头骆驼,这些骆驼被带回了麦地那。

1. A platoon led by ‘Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan was despatched to a place called Al-Ghamir inhabited by Bani Asad in the year six Hijri. The enemy immediately fled leaving behind them two hundred camels which were taken to Madinah.

1. 由穆罕默德·本·麦斯莱迈率领的一支小分队前往位于都勒·盖萨的banu Tha‘labah部落的居住地。然而，敌方的一百名士兵设下埋伏，除穆罕默德·本·麦斯莱迈之外，全部遇害。他侥幸逃脱，但身受重伤。

1. A platoon led by Muhammad bin Maslamah set out towards the habitation of Bani Tha‘labah in Dhil Qassa. But a hundred men of the enemies ambushed and killed all of them except Muhammad bin Maslamah who managed to escape but badly wounded.

2. 为了报复Bani Tha‘labah部落，Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah率领四十人被派往Dhil Qassa。他们当夜赶路，清晨时分出其不意地袭击了敌人。敌人再次逃往山中，只有一人受伤被俘，后来皈依了伊斯兰教。在这次行动中，他们获得了大量战利品。

2. In retaliation against Bani Tha‘labah, Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah, at the head of forty men, was despatched to Dhil Qassa. They walked that night and took the enemy by surprise in the morning. Again, they fled to the mountains except one who was injured, and later embraced Islam. A lot of booty fell to their lot in that particular incident.

3. 同一年，宰德·本·哈里萨率领一支小分队被派往穆宰穆姆，即巴尼·萨利姆的居住地。巴尼·穆扎伊娜的一名妇女为他们指明了通往敌人营地的道路。穆斯林们在那里俘获了一些俘虏，并获得了大量战利品。此后，安拉的使者ﷺ赐予该妇女自由，并将她嫁给了他的一位信徒。

3. A platoon, under the leadership of Zaid bin Haritha, was sent to Al-Jumum, the habitation of Bani Saleem, in the same year. A woman from Bani Muzaina showed them the way to the enemy’s camp. There the Muslims took some captives and gained a lot of booty. Later on, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) granted the woman her freedom and married her to one of his followers.

4. 在伊斯兰历6年扎马迪·乌拉月，宰德·本·哈里萨率领一百七十名骑兵前往一个名叫阿尔-艾斯的地方，截住了由古莱什人阿布·阿斯率领的商队，他是先知ﷺ的亲戚，并掠走了他们的骆驼。阿布·阿斯逃脱，躲进了宰奈卜（他的妻子，先知ﷺ的女儿）的家中。他恳求她请先知ﷺ归还他的财产。先知ﷺ建议众人归还，但并未强迫。人们立即把他的全部财产还给了他。他回到麦加，把托付物交还给应得之人，皈依伊斯兰，并迁往麦地那。先知ﷺ在他们第一次订立婚约三年半之后，使他与妻子宰奈卜重新团聚。当时关于禁止穆斯林女子与不信道者结婚的经文尚未降示。

4. Zaid bin Haritha, in Jumada Al-Ula 6 Hijri, at the head of a hundred and seventy horsemen, set out to a place called Al-‘Ais, intercepted a caravan of Quraish led by Abul-‘As, the Prophet’s relative and looted their camels. Abul-‘As escaped and took refuge in Zainab’s (his wife and the Prophet’s daughter) house. He begged her to ask the Prophet (Peace be upon him) for the restitution of his wealth. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) recommended, but without coercion, that the people do that. They immediately gave the man back all his wealth. He went back to Makkah, gave over the trusts to those entitled to them, embraced Islam and emigrated to Madinah where the Prophet (Peace be upon him) reunited him with his wife, Zainab, after three and a half years of their first marriage contract. The verse relating to prohibition of marriage between women Muslims and disbelievers had not been revealed then.