当那项不义的决定作出之后,吉卜利勒被派下来见穆罕默德ﷺ,向他启示古赖氏的阴谋,并赐予他主的许可离开麦加。吉卜利勒为他确定了迁徙的时间,并要求他那一夜不要睡在平日的床上。正午时分,先知ﷺ去拜访他的同伴艾布·伯克尔,并与他安排好了预定迁徙的一切事宜。艾布·伯克尔见先知ﷺ在这不寻常的时刻蒙面前来拜访,感到十分惊讶,但他很快得知安拉的命令已经降临,于是提议两人一同迁徙,先知ﷺ表示同意。 为了替他们那恶毒的阴谋做好必要的准备,麦加的首领们选出了十一人:阿布·哲海勒、哈凯姆·本·阿比·阿斯、欧格白·本·阿比·穆埃特、纳德尔·本·哈里斯、欧迈耶·本·赫莱夫、宰玛尔·本·艾斯沃德、图艾迈·本·阿迪、阿布·拉哈卜、乌拜依·本·赫莱夫、纳比赫·本·哈贾吉和他的兄弟蒙比赫·本·哈贾吉。他们个个都保持着警觉。夜色渐深,他们在先知ﷺ的房子周围埋伏了刺客,整夜守候,等待他清晨一离开家门便将他杀死,并不时从门上的一个小孔窥视,以确认他仍躺在床上。 伊斯兰的大敌阿布·哲海勒,走来走去,态度傲慢,嘲笑穆罕默德ﷺ的话语,对周围的人说:"穆罕默德声称,如果你们追随他,他将使你们成为阿拉伯人和非阿拉伯人的统治者,而在后世,你们的报酬将是与约旦那些园林相似的乐园;否则,他将宰杀你们,死后你们将被投入火中焚烧。"他对自己那恶毒阴谋的成功过于自信。然而,至能的安拉,天地的主权都掌握在祂的手中,祂行其所欲;祂给予援助,绝不会被战胜。祂正如后来对祂的先知所说的那样做了:

When the iniquitous decision had been made, Gabriel was sent down to Muhammad (Peace be upon him) to reveal to him Quraish’s plot and give him his Lord’s Permission to leave Makkah. He fixed to him the time of migration and asked him not to sleep that night in his usual bed. At noon, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) went to see his Companion Abu Bakr and arranged with him everything for the intended migration. Abu Bakr was surprised to see the Prophet (Peace be upon him) masked coming to visit him at that unusual time, but he soon learned that Allâh’s Command had arrived, and he proposed that they should migrate together, to which the Prophet (Peace be upon him) gave his consent. To make the necessary preparations for the implementation of their devilish plan, the chiefs of Makkah had chosen eleven men: Abu Jahl, Hakam bin Abil Al-‘As, ‘Uqbah bin Abi Mu‘ait, An-Nadr bin Harith, Omaiyah bin Khalaf, Zama‘a bin Al-Aswad, Tu‘aima bin ‘Adi, Abu Lahab, Ubai bin Khalaf, Nabih bin Al-Hajjaj and his brother Munbih bin Al-Hajjaj. All were on the alert. As night advanced, they posted assassins around the Prophet’s house. Thus they kept vigil all night long, waiting to kill him the moment he left his house early in the morning, peeping now and then through a hole in the door to make sure that he was still lying in his bed. Abu Jahl, the great enemy of Islam, used to walk about haughtily and arrogantly jeering at Muhammad’s words, saying to the people around him: “Muhammad claims that if you follow him, he will appoint you rulers over the Arabs and non-Arabs and in the Hereafter your reward will be Gardens similar to those in Jordan, otherwise, he will slaughter you and after death you will be burnt in fire.” He was too confident of the success of his devilish plan. Allâh, the All-Mighty, however, in Whose Hands lie the sovereignty of the heavens and earth, does what He desires; He renders succour and can never be overpowered. He did exactly what He later said to His Prophet:

• “当时，不信道者谋划要囚禁你[穆罕默德ﷺ]、杀害你或驱逐你（离开你的家乡麦加），他们在谋划，安拉也在谋划，安拉是最善于谋划的。”（8:30）

• “And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)] to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allâh too was planning, and Allâh is the Best of the planners.” [8:30].

在这个危急时刻,古莱什人的阴谋彻底落空了,尽管他们严密包围了先知ﷺ的家。当时先知ﷺ和阿里都在屋内。先知ﷺ吩咐阿里睡在他的床上,并用他那件绿色的披风盖住自己,并保证他会在安拉的庇佑下得到完全的安全,告诉他不会有任何伤害降临到他身上。随后,先知ﷺ走出房间,向刺客们撒了一把尘土,并设法从他们中间穿过,同时诵读《古兰经》中的经文:

At that critical time the plans of Quraish utterly failed despite the tight siege they laid to the Prophet’s house, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and ‘Ali were inside the house. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) told ‘Ali to sleep in his bed and cover himself with his green mantle and assured him full security under Allâh’s protection and told him that no harm would come to him. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) then came out of the room and cast a handful of dust at the assassins and managed to work his way through them reciting verses of the Noble Qur’ân:

“我已在他们面前设下一道屏障，在他们身后也设下一道屏障，并将他们遮蔽，使他们看不见。”{36:9}

•“And We have put a barrier before them, and a barrier behind them, and We have covered them up, so that they cannot see.” [36:9].

他径直前往艾布·伯克尔的家,艾布·伯克尔立即陪同他一起,二人向南出发,攀上了萨乌尔山的高峰,决定到一个山洞中避难。包围住宅的刺客们一直在等待动手的时刻,这时有人前来告诉他们,先知ﷺ已经离开了。他们冲进屋内,令他们大为惊讶的是,躺在先知ﷺ床上的人是阿里,而不是穆罕默德ﷺ。这件事在整个城镇引起了轰动。先知ﷺ就这样于第十四个先知年的赛法尔月二十七日离开了家,即公元622年9月12日或13日。

He proceeded direct to the house of Abu Bakr who, immediately accompanied him and both set out southwards, clambered up the lofty peak of Mountain Thawr, and decided to take refuge in a cave. The assassins who laid siege to the house were waiting for the zero hour when someone came and informed them that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had already left. They rushed in and to their utter surprise, found that the person lying in the Prophet’s bed was ‘Ali not Muhammad (Peace be upon him). This created a stir in the whole town. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) had thus left his house on Safar 27th, the fourteenth year of Prophethood, i.e. 12/13 September 622 A.D.

既然知道古莱士人会调动一切力量寻找他,他巧妙地设下一计:不走多神教徒所预料的麦地那方向(位于麦加北面的道路),而是走了一条最出人意料的路,位于麦加南面,通往也门。他走了五英里,直到抵达一座名为盏尔(Thawr)的崎岖多石的山。他的鞋子在那里磨破了,有人说他为了不留下足迹,是踮着脚走的。艾布·伯克尔(愿安拉喜悦他)把他背上山,来到一个以山名命名的洞穴,即盏尔洞。艾布·伯克尔先进洞探查,确认安全,用从自己衣服上撕下的布条堵住所有洞口,把洞清理干净,然后请先知ﷺ进去。先知ﷺ进洞后立即把头枕在艾布·伯克尔的膝上睡着了。突然,艾布·伯克尔的脚被一只有毒的虫子蜇了。他痛得厉害,眼泪落在了先知ﷺ的脸上。先知ﷺ立即把唾液涂在艾布·伯克尔的脚上,疼痛当即消失。他们在这个洞中隐居了三夜,即星期五、星期六和星期日。艾布·伯克尔的儿子阿卜杜拉会在黄昏后去探望他们,在那里过夜,把麦加的最新情况告诉他们,然后在清晨离开,照常与麦加人混在一起,不引起任何人对他秘密活动的注意。阿米尔·本·福赫拉与麦加其他牧羊人一起照看他主人艾布·伯克尔的羊群,每天傍晚都悄悄带着几只山羊溜到洞中,为洞中的人提供充足的牛奶。

Knowing already that Quraish would mobilize all its potentials to find him, he played a clever trick on them and instead of taking the road to Madinah in north side of Makkah as the polythiest would expect, he walked along a road least expected lying south of Makkah and leading to Yemen. He walked for 5 miles until he reached a rough rocky mountain called Thawr. There his shoes were worn out, some said he used to walk tiptoe in order not to leave a trail behind him. Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) carried him up the mountain to a cave called after the name of the mountain, Cave Thawr. Abu Bakr first entered to explore the cave and be sure that it was safe, closed all holes with pieces torn off from his clothes, cleaned it and then asked the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to step in. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) went in and immediately laid his head in Abu Bakr’s lap and fell asleep. Suddenly Abu Bakr’s foot was stung by a poisonous insect. It hurt so much that his tears fell on the Prophet’s face. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) immediately applied his saliva on Abu Bakr’s foot and the pain went off on the spot. They confined themselves to this cave for three nights, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. ‘Abdullah, the son of Abu Bakr would go to see them after dusk, stay the night there, apprise them of the latest situation in Makkah, and then leave in the early morning to mix with the Makkans as usual and not to draw the least attention to his clandestine activities. ‘Amir bin Fuhairah, while in the company of other shepherds of Makkah tending his master Abu Bakr’s flock, used to stole away unobserved every evening with a few goats to the cave and furnished its inmates with a plentiful supply of milk.

然而,古莱什人在得知两位同伴成功出逃的消息后,感到十分困惑和恼怒。他们把阿里带到天房,残暴地殴打他,并把他关在那里一个小时,拼命想逼他说出两个"逃犯"失踪的秘密,但毫无结果。随后,他们又去找阿布·伯克尔的女儿阿斯玛',但这里的企图同样落空。在她的门前,艾卜·哲海狠狠地扇了这位少女一记耳光,以致她的耳环被打断了。

Quraish, on the other hand, were quite baffled and exasperated when the news of the escape of the two companions was confirmed. They brought ‘Ali to Al-Ka‘bah, beat him brutally and confined him there for an hour attempting desperately to make him divulge the secret of the disappearance of the two ‘fugitives’, but to no avail. They then went to see Asma’, Abu Bakr’s daughter, but here also their attempts went in vain. While at her door Abu Jahl slapped the girl so severely that her earring broke up.

麦加的显要人物召开紧急会议，商讨今后的行动方针，并探索一切可能有助于逮捕这两个人的途径。他们决定封锁通往麦加的所有道路，并对所有可能的出口实施严密的武装监视。每个人的头上都悬赏一百头骆驼。骑兵、步兵和追踪痕迹的人搜遍了整个地区。有一次，他们甚至到达了先知ﷺ和艾卜·伯克尔藏身的山洞洞口。艾卜·伯克尔看到敌人近在咫尺，便低声对先知ﷺ说：“如果他们朝裂缝里看，发现了我们怎么办？”先知ﷺ在神所赐予的平静中回答道：“艾卜·伯克尔，住口！你认为那两个人怎么样，而第三者是真主（Allâh）呢？”这确实是神的奇迹，追捕者离山洞只有几步之遥。

The notables of Makkah convened an emergency session to determine the future course of action and explore all areas that could help arrest the two men. They decided to block all avenues leading out of Makkah and imposed heavy armed surveillance over all potential exits. A price of 100 camels was set upon the head of each one. Horsemen, infantry and tracers of tracks scoured the country. Once they even reached the mouth of the cave where the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr were hiding. When he saw the enemy at a very close distance, Abu Bakr whispered to the Prophet (Peace be upon him): “What, if they were to look through the crevice and detect us?” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) in his God-inspired calm replied; • “Silence Abu Bakr! What do you think of those two with whom the Third is Allâh.” It was really a Divine miracle, the chasers were only a few steps from the cave.

在山洞里，穆罕默德（愿主福安之）和艾布·伯克尔住了三天，而古莱什人仍在拼命地搜寻他们。有一个名叫阿卜杜拉·本·乌赖基特的人，当时尚未皈依伊斯兰教，但深受艾布·伯克尔的信任，并被他雇来担任向导。依照计划，他在三个夜晚之后来到山洞，并带来了艾布·伯克尔的两峰骆驼。他的报告使这两位尊贵的“逃亡者”确信搜索已经松懈。出发的时机已经到来。此时，艾布·伯克尔把那匹脚力快的骆驼献给先知（愿主福安之）骑乘。先知同意了，但条件是他要支付骆驼的价钱。他们带上了艾斯玛（艾布·伯克尔的女儿）准备的食物，她把自己的腰带撕成两半，用其中一半把食物捆扎起来，因此她得名“双腰带的艾斯玛”。先知（愿主福安之）、艾布·伯克尔和阿米尔·本·福赫拉出发了，他们的向导阿卜杜拉·本·乌赖基特带领他们沿着海岸路线，走在几乎无人踏足的小道上。那是在公元622年9月，即伊斯兰历元年的赖比尔·敖外里月。这支小小的商队途经许多村庄，前往古巴。在此背景下，有必要介绍他们艰辛旅途中发生的一些有趣事件：

For three days Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr lived in the cave and Quraish continued their frantic efforts to get hold of them. Someone called ‘Abdullah bin Uraiquit, who had as yet not embraced Islam, but was trusted by Abu Bakr, and had been hired by him as a guide, reached the cave after three nights according to a plan bringing with him Abu Bakr’s two camels. His report satisfied the noble ‘fugitives’ that the search had slackened. The opportunity to depart was come. Here Abu Bakr offered the Prophet (Peace be upon him) the swift animal to ride on. The latter agreed provided that he would pay its price. They took with them the food provisions that Asma’, daughter of Abu Bakr, brought and tied in a bundle of her waistband, after tearing it into two parts, hence the appellation attached to her: “Asma’ of the two waistbands.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him), Abu Bakr and ‘Amir bin Fuhairah departed, and their guide ‘Abdullah bin Uraiquit led them on hardly ever trodden ways along the coastal route. That was in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal, 1st year A.H., i.e. September 622 A.D. The little caravan travelled through many villages on their way to Quba’. In this context, it is relevant to introduce some interesting incidents that featured their wearying journey:

3. 古莱什人此前已宣布，谁能抓获穆罕默德ﷺ，就可获得一百头骆驼作为赏金。这促使许多人去碰碰运气。在那些守候穆罕默德ﷺ和他的同伴以求赢得赏金的人中，有马立克之子苏拉格。他得知有四人的一队人马在某条路上被发现，便决定暗中追踪，好让自己独得这笔赏金。他骑上一匹快马，全速追赶他们。途中，马被绊倒，他摔在地上。按照阿拉伯人在此类情况下的习俗，他抽签占卜是否应当继续追赶，结果显示征兆不吉。但对财富的贪欲使他完全盲目，他仍然继续追赶。他再次遭遇同样的事，却不以为意。他又跳上马鞍，策马狂奔，直到非常接近穆罕默德ﷺ。艾布·伯克尔心中不安，不断回头张望，而穆罕默德ﷺ始终镇定自若，继续诵读《古兰经》的经文。

3. Quraish, as we have already mentioned, had declared that whoever would seize Muhammad (Peace be upon him) would receive a hundred camels as reward. This had spurred many persons to try their luck. Among those who were on the lookout for the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his companion in order to win the reward was Suraqah, the son of Malik. He, on receiving information that a party of four, had been spotted on a certain route, decided to pursue it secretly so that he alone should be the winner of the reward. He mounted a swift horse and went in hot pursuit of them. On the way the horse stumbled and he fell on the ground. On drawing a lot so as to divine whether he should continue the chase or not, as the Arabs used to do in such circumstances, he found the omens unpropitious. But the lust for material wealth blinded him altogether and he resumed the chase. Once more he met with the same fate but paid no heed to it. Again he jumped onto the saddle and galloped at a break-neck speed till he came quite close to the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Abu Bakr’s heart agitated and he kept looking back while the Prophet (Peace be upon him) remained steadfast and continued reciting verses of the Qur’ân.

• 苏拉格的马屡次绊倒、他也屡次跌下马来，这让他醒悟过来。他意识到，这是真主对他企图加害先知的恶念所发出的持续警示。他怀着悔悟之心走近这支旅行的队伍，极其谦卑地向先知ﷺ请求宽恕。他对先知ﷺ和他的同伴说道：“你们的族人（古莱什人）已许下丰厚的赏赐，凡能抓获你们者即可得之。”他又说，愿意为他们提供补给，但他们谢绝了他的好意。他们只请他遮挡住他们的行踪，并让多神教徒看不到他们的藏身之处。随后，先知ﷺ宽恕了他，并以一纸由阿米尔·本·福哈拉书写在羊皮纸上的凭证加以确认。苏拉格急忙返回麦加，设法挫败那些追赶穆罕默德ﷺ及其尊贵同伴的人的企图。这位不共戴天的敌人，就这样转变为一位诚实的信士。

• The repeated stumbling of Suraqah’s horse and his falling off awakened him to the situation, and he realized that it was a constant warning of Allâh for his evil design which he contemplated against the Prophet (Peace be upon him). He approached the travelling group with a penitent heart and begged of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) forgiveness in all humility. He addressed the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his companion, saying: “Your people (the Quraishites) have promised a generous reward to anyone who captures you.” He added that he offered them provision but they declined his offer. They only asked him to screen off their departure and blind the polytheists to their hiding place. Then the Prophet (Peace be upon him) forgave him and confirmed it with a token written by ‘Amir bin Fuhairah on a piece of parchment. Suraqah hurried back to Makkah and tried to foil the attempts of those who were in pursuit of Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his noble companions. The sworn enemy was converted into an honest believer.

在阿布·伯克尔（愿真主喜悦他）的一个版本中，他说：“我们迁徙时，麦加人正在追赶我们。除了骑着马的苏拉嘎·本·马立克·本·朱舍姆，没有人追上我们。我说：‘真主的使者啊，这个人追上我们了。’先知ﷺ回答说：”

在先知穆罕默德即位后的第十四年，即公元622年9月23日，星期一，也就是（回历）赖比尔·敖外勒月8日，安拉的使者ﷺ抵达了古巴（Quba’）。

On Monday, 8th Rabi‘ Al-Awwal, the fourteenth year of Prophethood, i.e. September 23rd. 622, the Messenger of Allâh arrived at Quba’.

当穆罕默德即将到来的消息开始传开时,人群从麦地那蜂拥而出。他们每天清晨都来,焦急地等待他的出现,直到正午烈日的酷热迫使他们返回城中。有一天,他们像往常一样前往,经过长时间的等待和守望后,正要回城,这时一个犹太人看到三位身着白衣、正朝麦地那走来的旅人,便从一座小山丘顶上大喊:"阿拉伯的人们啊!你们的祖父来了!你们一直翘首以盼的那位已经来了!"穆斯林们立即手持武器冲了过去(以保卫他)。这个喜讯很快传遍全城,人们涌上前去迎接他们高贵的客人。

As soon as the news of Muhammad’s arrival began to spread, crowds came flocking out of Madinah . They would come every morning and wait eagerly for his appearance until forced by the unbearable heat of the midday sun to return. One day they had gone as usual, and after a long wait and watch they retired to the city when a Jew, catching a glimpse of three travellers clad in white winding their way to Madinah , shouted from the top of a hillock: “O you people of Arabia! Your grandfather has come! He, whom you have been eagerly waiting for, has come!” The Muslims immediately rushed holding their weapons, (to defend him). The joyful news soon spread through the city and people marched forward to greet their noble guest.

Ibn Al-Qayyim 说：“‘Allâhu Akbar’（安拉至大）的呼声在banu 'Amr bin 'Auf 部族中回荡。穆罕默德ﷺ的喜悦之情也随之增长，但他以罕见的时机把握和分寸感喊停了。平静笼罩着他，启示随之降下：

Ibn Al-Qayyim said: “The shouts of ‘Allâhu Akbar’ (Allâh is Great) resounded in Banu ‘Amr bin ‘Auf. Muhammad’s (Peace be upon him) elation correspondingly increased, but with rare sense of timing and propriety, called a halt. Serenity enveloped him and the ٌevelation was sent down:

• “……那么，真主是他的保护者（Maula，即主宰、主人或守护者），加百列，以及信士中的正直者，此外，众天使，都是他的助手。”[66:4]

• “... then verily, Allâh is his Maula (Lord, Master or Protector), and Gabriel, and the righteous among the believers, - and furthermore, the angels - are his helpers.” [66:4].

‘Urwah bin Az-Zubair 说：他们迎接安拉的使者ﷺ，并陪同他向右走去。在那里，Banu ‘Amr bin ‘Awf 接待了他。那是星期一，Rabi‘ Al-Awwal 月。他沉默地坐下，而 Al-Ansar（辅士们）之前没有机会见到他，便前来向他问候。据说太阳变得非常炽热，于是 Abu Bakr 站起来为他遮挡炽热的阳光。那确实是麦地那前所未有的一天。犹太人切实地感受到了他们的先知 Habquq 所说之话的真实性，他说：“上帝从 At-Taiman 而来，圣洁者从 Faran 山而来。”

‘Urwah bin Az-Zubair said: They received the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), and went with them to the right. There Banu ‘Amr bin ‘Awf hosted him. That was on Monday, Rabi‘ Al-Awwal. He sat down silent, and Al-Ansar (the Helpers), who had not had the opportunity to see him before, came in to greet him: It is said that the sun became too hot so Abu Bakr stood up to shade him from the hot sun rays. It was really an unprecedented day in Madinah . The Jews could perceive concretely the veracity of their Prophet Habquq, who said: ‘God has come from At-Taiman, and the Qudus one from Faran Mount.’.

麦地那时期可以分为三个阶段：

The Madinese era could be divided into three phases:

第一阶段充满了大量的纷争与内乱，内部障碍重重，同时外部又掀起敌对浪潮，意图彻底消灭初兴的信仰。这一阶段以伊历6年dhul-Qa'dah月的侯代比亚和约告终。

1. The first phase was characterized by too much trouble and discord, and too many obstacles from within coupled by a hostile wave from without aiming at total extermination of the rising faith. It ended with Al-Hudaibiyah Peace Treaty in Dhul Qa‘da 6 A.H.

2. 第二阶段以与异教领袖达成停战为特征，并以公元8年斋月征服麦加告终。这一阶段也见证了先知ﷺ邀请阿拉伯半岛以外的君主皈依伊斯兰。

2. The second phase featured a truce with the pagan leadership and ended in the conquest of Makkah in Ramadan 8 A.H. It also witnessed the Prophet (Peace be upon him) inviting kings beyond Arabia to enter the fold of Islam.

3. 在第三阶段，人们成群结队地皈依伊斯兰教。各部落及其他群体纷纷来到麦地那，向先知ﷺ效忠。这一阶段结束于先知ﷺ在伊历11年赖比尔·奥瓦勒月去世。

3. In the third phase, people came to embrace Islam in hosts. Tribes and other folks arrived in Madinah to pay homage to the Prophet (Peace be upon him). It ended at the death of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) in Rabi‘ Al-Awwal 11 A.H.