先知ﷺ的品格与德行
The Prophet (peace Be Upon Him), Attributes And Manners
先知(愿主赐他平安)集创造的完美与品德的完美于一身。他给人们留下的印象,可以从充满人们心田、使他们心怀尊严的喜悦中推知。众人对安拉的使者(愿主赐他平安)的敬重、虔诚与推崇,是独一无二、无与伦比的。全世界再没有哪个人像他这样受到尊崇和爱戴。熟悉他的人都为他所倾倒、所着迷。他们甘愿舍弃生命,只为保护他的一个指甲不受伤害。他的同伴们得到了许多他人所未曾具备的完美特质,因此发现他无可比拟,于是爱他。
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) combined both perfection of creation and perfection of manners. This impression on people can be deduced by the bliss that overwhelmed their hearts and filled them with dignity. Men’s dignity, devotion and estimation of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) were unique and matchless. No other man in the whole world has been so honoured and beloved. Those who knew him well, were fascinated and enchanted by him. They were ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of saving a nail of his from hurt or injury. Being privileged by lots of prerogatives of perfection that no one else had been endowed with, his Companions found that he was peerless and so they loved him.
在此我们简要列出关于他的美貌与完美的各种描述。要全面涵盖这些内容,诚然超出了我们的能力范围。
Here we list a brief summary of the versions about his beauty and perfection. To encompass all which is, addmittedly, beyond our power.
创造之美:
BEAUTY OF CREATION:
叙述安拉的使者(愿主赐他平安)路经她的帐篷、正值迁徙之旅时,乌姆·玛阿巴德·胡扎ईयाह对她的丈夫说: Correction on my last line: the transliterated name should read 乌姆·玛阿巴德·胡扎阿耶(Al-Khuza‘iyah). Corrected translation: 叙述安拉的使者ﷺ路经她的帐篷、正值迁徙之旅时,乌姆·玛阿巴德·胡扎阿耶对她的丈夫说:
Describing the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), who passed by her tent on his journey of migration, Umm Ma‘bad Al-Khuza‘iyah said to her husband:
“他天性光明纯净,面容宽广,仪态优雅。他的腹部并不隆起,头上的头发也未曾脱落。他有一双乌黑迷人的眼睛,眼角精致弯曲,双眉相连。他的头发乌黑光亮,略带卷曲,留得很长。他的声音极具威严。他的头颅宽大、匀称,安放在纤细的颈项上。他的神情沉静而深思,安详而崇高。陌生人远远望见他时便被吸引,而一旦与他亲近,这种吸引便转化为依恋与敬重。他的神情非常温和而清晰。他的言语条理分明,不掺杂多余的词语,仿佛一串串有序的念珠。他的身材既不过高,也不过矮,不会让人觉得难看。他在众人之中如同两者之间的一根嫩枝,格外明亮、清新。他身边总是围绕着他的同伴。每当他开口说话,听众都全神贯注地倾听;每当他发出命令,人们便争先恐后地去执行。他是一位领袖,也是一位统帅。他的言语以真实和诚挚为特征,远离一切虚假与谎言。”
• “He was innocently bright and had broad countenance. His manners were fine. Neither was his belly bulging out nor was his head deprived of hair. He had black attractive eyes finely arched by continuous eyebrows. His hair glossy and black, inclined to curl, he wore long. His voice was extremely commanding. His head was large, well formed and set on a slender neck. His expression was pensive and contemplative, serene and sublime. The stranger was fascinated from the distance, but no sooner he became intimate with him than this fascination was changed into attachment and respect. His expression was very sweet and distinct. His speech was well set and free from the use of superfluous words, as if it were a rosary of beads. His stature was neither too high nor too small to look repulsive. He was a twig amongst the two, singularly bright and fresh. He was always surrounded by his Companions. Whenever he uttered something, the listeners would hear him with rapt attention and whenever he issued any command, they vied with each other in carrying it out. He was a master and a commander. His utterances were marked by truth and sincerity, free from all kinds of falsehoods and lies.”.
‘Ali bin Abi Talib 描述他时说:“安拉的使者ﷺ既不过分高大,也不极其矮小。在他的同伴中,他是中等身材。他的头发既不卷曲,也不波浪状,而是介于两者之间。它不是很卷,也不是完全笔直,而是卷曲与波浪兼而有之。他的脸既不浮肿,也不肉厚而紧实,而是相当圆润。他的牙齿洁白。他有一双黑色而大的眼睛,眼睑上的睫毛很长。他的关节和肩关节都相当粗大。他的胸部至肚脐之间有一条如杆状的细毛,而身体其余部分几乎没有毛发。他的手掌厚实,手指和脚趾也很粗壮。行走时,他抬脚离地,仿佛是在泥泞的积水中行走。他转身时,是整个身体一起转动。先知印章ﷺ位于他的两肩之间。他是众先知的封印ﷺ,是所有人中最慷慨、最勇敢的。”
‘Ali bin Abi Talib describing him said: “The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) was neither excessively tall nor extremely short. He was medium height among his friends. His hair was neither curly nor wavy. It was in between. It was not too curly nor was it plain straight. It was both curly and wavy combined. His face was not swollen or meaty-compact. It was fairly round. His mouth was white. He had black and large eyes with long haired eyelids. His joints (limbs) and shoulder joints were rather big. He had a rod-like little hair extending from his chest down to his navel, but the rest of his body was almost hairless. He had thick hand palms and thick fingers and toes. At walking, he lifted his feet off the ground as if he had been walking in a muddy remainder of water. When he turned, he turned all. The Prophethood Seal was between his shoulders. He is the Seal of Prophets, the most generous and the bravest of all.
灵魂的圆满与高贵:
THE PERFECTION OF SOUL AND NOBILITY:
先知以卓越的阿拉伯语辞令和流利的表达能力而著称。他的地位和品级都非同寻常。他说话准确、朴实无华、直截了当。他精通阿拉伯语,并且十分熟悉各个部落的方言和口音。他与人交谈时,会使用对方自己的口音和方言。他既精通并善于运用游牧人的语言,也善于运用城市居民的语言。因此,他既拥有游牧语言的力量与雄辩,也拥有城市语言的清晰与华美。最重要的是,他得到了真主的襄助,这体现在《古兰经》所启示的经文之中。
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was noted for superb eloquence and fluency in Arabic. He was remarkable in position and rank. He was an accurate, unpretending straightforward speaker. He was well-versed in Arabic and quite familiar with the dialects and accents of every tribe. He spoke with his entertainers using their own accents and dialects. He mastered and was quite eloquent at both bedouin and town speech. So he had the strength and eloquence of bedouin language as well as the clarity and the decorated splendid speech of town. Above all, there was the assistance of Allâh embodied in the revealed verses of the Qur’ân.
他的耐力、忍耐与宽恕——即便身处可以施加惩罚的地位——他对所憎恶之事的容忍与克制,这些都是真主亲自赋予他的天赋、品性与美德。即便是有智慧的人也难免有缺点,但真主的使者ﷺ与众不同:他越是受到伤害或伤痛,就越是宽厚、越是忍耐。无知之人对他越是放肆无礼,他就越是坚忍。
His stamina, endurance and forgiveness — out of a commanding position — his patience and standing what he detested — these were all talents, attributes and qualities Allâh Himself had brought him on. Even wise men have their flaws, but the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), unlike everybody, the more he was hurt or injured, the more clement and patient he became. The more insolence an ignorant anybody exercised against him the more enduring he became.
‘Aishah 说:
‘Aishah said:
“真主的使者(愿主福安之),每当有机会在两件事之间做选择时,他总是选择最容易、最便利的那一件。但如果他确知某事是罪过,他就会尽量远离它。他从未为自己的事而报复;但当真主的圣洁受到侵犯时,他会站出来。那是为了真主,而不是为了他自己。他是最后一个发怒的人,也是最先平息的人。他的好客与慷慨无与伦比。他的赏赐与馈赠,体现出一个不畏惧贫穷的人。”
• “The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) , whenever he is given the opportunity to choose between two affairs, he always chooses the easiest and the most convenient. But if he is certain that it is sinful, he will be as far as he could from it. He has never avenged himself; but when the sanctity of Allâh is violated he would. That would be for Allâh’s not for himself. He is the last one to get angry and the first to be satisfied. His hospitality and generosity were matchless. His gifts and endowments manifest a man who does not fear poverty.”.
伊本·阿拔斯说:"先知(愿主赐福于他)是最慷慨的人。他在斋月里尤其慷慨,超过任何其他时候,那时天使吉卜利勒(愿主赐福于他)会来见他。吉卜利勒每个斋月的夜晚都会来到他身边,与他一同温习《古兰经》。真主的使者(愿主赐福于他)施舍和行善时,比吹拂的风还要慷慨。"ﷺ
Ibn‘Abbas said: “The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was the most generous. He is usually most generous of all times in Ramadan, the times at which the angel Gabriel (Peace be upon him) comes to see him. Gabriel used to visit him every night of Ramadan and review the Qur’ân with him. Verily the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) is more generous at giving bounty or charity than the blowing wind.”.