关于先知穆罕默德ﷺ的世系，有三种说法：第一种经传记学家和谱系学家考证确认，指出穆罕默德ﷺ的世系可追溯至阿德南（‘Adnan）。第二种说法存在争议与疑问，将其世系从阿德南further上溯至易卜拉欣（Abraham）。第三种说法中有些部分肯定有误，将其世系从易卜拉欣再上溯至阿丹（Adam）。

With respect to the lineage of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), there are three versions: The first was authenticated by biographers and genealogists and states that Muhammad’s genealogy has been traced to ‘Adnan. The second is subject to controversies and doubt, and traces his lineage beyond ‘Adnan back to Abraham. The third version, with some parts definitely incorrect, traces his lineage beyond Abraham back to Adam (Peace be upon him).

在这次快速回顾之后，现在认为需要更充分的细节。

After this rapid review, now ample details are believed to be necessary.

第一部分:穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜拉·本·阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜(又名沙伊巴)·本·哈希姆(名为阿慕尔)·本·阿卜杜·munaf(又名穆吉拉)·本·古赛伊(又名宰德)·本·基拉布·本·穆拉·本·卡卜·本·鲁艾伊·本·加利卜·本·法尔(又名古莱什,其部落以他的名字命名)·本·马立克·本·纳德尔(又名盖斯)·本·基nana·本·胡兹arima·本·穆德里卡(又名阿米尔)·本·伊利亚斯·本·穆达尔·本·奈扎尔·本·马阿德·本·阿德南。

The first part: Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib (who was called Shaiba) bin Hashim, (named ‘Amr) bin ‘Abd Munaf (called Al-Mugheera) bin Qusai (also called Zaid) bin Kilab bin Murra bin Ka‘b bin Lo’i bin Ghalib bin Fahr (who was called Quraish and whose tribe was called after him) bin Malik bin An-Nadr (so called Qais) bin Kinana bin Khuzaiman bin Mudrikah (who was called ‘Amir) bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma‘ad bin ‘Adnan.

第二部分:阿德南之子阿德德之子胡迈赛阿之子萨拉曼之子奥斯之子布兹之子卡姆瓦勒之子欧拜伊之子阿瓦姆之子纳希德之子哈扎之子比尔达斯之子雅德拉夫之子塔比赫之子贾希姆之子纳希什之子马基之子阿耶德之子阿布卡尔之子乌拜德之子阿达之子哈姆丹之子桑比尔之子亚斯拉比之子雅赫津之子雅勒罕之子阿尔阿维之子阿耶德之子德沙之子艾萨尔之子阿夫纳德之子艾哈姆之子穆克萨尔之子纳希斯之子扎里赫之子萨米之子马兹之子奥达之子阿拉姆之子戈达尔之子以斯玛仪(易卜拉欣之子)(愿他们平安)。

The second part: ‘Adnan bin Add bin Humaisi‘ bin Salaman bin Aws bin Buz bin Qamwal bin Obai bin ‘Awwam bin Nashid bin Haza bin Bildas bin Yadlaf bin Tabikh bin Jahim bin Nahish bin Makhi bin Aid bin ‘Abqar bin ‘Ubaid bin Ad-Da‘a bin Hamdan bin Sanbir bin Yathrabi bin Yahzin bin Yalhan bin Ar‘awi bin Aid bin Deshan bin Aisar bin Afnad bin Aiham bin Muksar bin Nahith bin Zarih bin Sami bin Mazzi bin ‘Awda bin Aram bin Qaidar bin Ishmael son of Abraham (Peace be upon them).

第三部分:超越亚伯拉罕(愿主赐他平安),即他塔赫(阿宰尔)之子纳忽尔之子萨鲁格之子拉乌之子法利赫之子阿比尔之子沙利赫之子阿尔法克沙德之子闪,闪是挪亚(愿主赐他平安)之子,挪亚是拉麦之子,拉麦是穆塔舍拉赫之子,穆塔舍拉赫是阿赫努赫之子[据说阿赫努赫即以诺(Enoch)先知(愿主赐他平安)],阿赫努赫是雅列之子,雅列是马哈拉伊勒之子,马哈拉伊勒是盖奈之子,盖奈是阿努沙之子,阿努沙是塞特之子,塞特是亚当(愿主赐他平安)之子。

The third part: beyond Abraham (Peace be upon him) , Ibn Tarih (Azar) bin Nahur bin Saru‘ bin Ra‘u bin Falikh bin Abir bin Shalikh bin Arfakhshad bin Sam bin Noah (Peace be upon him) , bin Lamik bin Mutwashlack bin Akhnukh [who was said to be Prophet Idris (Enoch) (Peace be upon him) bin Yarid bin Mahla’il bin Qabin Anusha bin Shith bin Adam (Peace be upon him)

先知穆罕默德ﷺ的家族被称为哈希姆家族，得名于他的祖父哈希姆·本·阿卜杜·манаф。现在让我们简要谈谈哈希姆及其后裔。 Wait — I must correct a typo: the name should be written consistently. Corrected translation: 先知穆罕默德ﷺ的家族被称为哈希姆家族，得名于他的祖父哈希姆·本·阿卜杜·马纳夫。现在让我们简要谈谈哈希姆及其后裔。

The family of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is called the Hashimite family after his grandfather Hashim bin ‘Abd Munaf. Let us now speak a little about Hashim and his descendants:

1. 哈希姆:如前所述,他负责为朝觐者提供食物和饮水。当阿卜杜·曼拉夫的后裔与阿卜杜·达尔的后裔协商划分职责时,这项职责便落到了他的身上。哈希姆富有且诚实。他是第一个为朝觐者提供浸过肉汤的面包的人。他原名‘阿慕尔,因为他习惯于把面包掰碎(供朝觐者食用),所以被称为哈希姆。他还是首个开创古莱氏夏季和冬季两次商旅的人。据报道,他曾以商人身份前往叙利亚。在麦地那,他迎娶了萨勒玛——她是来自贝尼·阿迪·本·纳贾尔部族的‘阿慕尔之女。他在麦地那与她共度了一段时光,随后在她怀孕时再次前往叙利亚。他于公元497年在巴勒斯坦的加沙去世。之后,他的妻子生下了阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜,并为他取名为希巴,因为他头上有一缕白发。她在麦地那的父亲家中抚养他长大。他在麦加的家族中没有人知道他的出生。哈希姆有四个儿子:阿萨德、阿布·赛伊菲、纳德拉和阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜;还有五个女儿:альш-希法、哈利达、达伊法、鲁盖耶和贾奈。

1. Hashim: As we have previously mentioned, he was the one responsible for giving food and water to the pilgrims. This had been his charge when the sons of ‘Abd Munaf and those of ‘Abd Ad-Dar compromised on dividing the charges between them. Hashim was wealthy and honest. He was the first to offer the pilgrims sopped bread in broth. His first name was ‘Amr but he was called Hashim because he had been in the practice of crumbling bread (for the pilgrims). He was also the first man who started Quraish’s two journeys of summer and winter. It was reported that he went to Syria as a merchant. In Madinah, he married Salma — the daughter of ‘Amr from Bani ‘Adi bin An-Najjar. He spent some time with her in Madinah then he left for Syria again while she was pregnant. He died in Ghazza in Palestine in 497 A.D. Later, his wife gave birth to ‘Abdul-Muttalib and named him Shaiba for the white hair in his head , and brought him up in her father’s house in Madinah. None of his family in Makkah learned of his birth. Hashim had four sons; Asad, Abu Saifi, Nadla and ‘Abdul-Muttalib, and five daughters Ash-Shifa, Khalida, Da‘ifa, Ruqyah and Jannah.

2. 'Abdul-Muttalib:我们已经知道,哈希姆去世后,为朝觐者供应食物和饮水的职责转交给了他的兄弟阿勒-穆台利布·本·'Abd Munaf(他诚实、慷慨、可靠)。'Abdul-Muttalib长到少年时,他的叔叔阿勒-穆台利布听说了他的情况,便前往麦地那去接他。见到他时,阿勒-穆台利布泪水盈眶,沿脸颊滚落,他拥抱了他,并把他带上自己的骆驼。然而,这个男孩在征得母亲同意之前,不愿跟他前往麦加。阿勒-穆台利布请求母亲让孩子随他去麦加,但她拒绝了。他设法说服她,说:"你的儿子去麦加是为了恢复他父亲的权威,并居住在神圣殿的附近。"在麦加,人们见到'Abdul-Muttalib时感到惊讶,并认为他是穆台利布的奴隶。阿勒-穆台利布说:"他是我的侄子,是我兄弟哈希姆的儿子。"这个男孩在阿勒-穆台利布的家中长大。后来,阿勒-穆台利布在也门的Bardman去世,于是'Abdul-Muttalib接管了事务,并设法维护了族人的声望,在高尚的品行上超越了他的祖辈,从而赢得了麦加人深厚的爱戴和崇高的敬重。

2. ‘Abdul-Muttalib: We have already known that after the death of Hashim, the charge of pilgrims’ food and water went to his brother Al-Muttalib bin ‘Abd Munaf (who was honest, generous and trustworthy). When ‘Abdul-Muttalib reached the age of boyhood, his uncle Al-Muttalib heard of him and went to Madinah to fetch him. When he saw him, tears filled his eyes and rolled down his cheeks, he embraced him and took him on his camel. The boy, however abstained from going with him to Makkah until he took his mother’s consent. Al-Muttalib asked her to send the boy with him to Makkah, but she refused. He managed to convince her saying: “Your son is going to Makkah to restore his father’s authority, and to live in the vicinity of the Sacred House.” There in Makkah, people wondered at seeing Abdul-Muttalib, and they considered him the slave of Muttalib. Al-Muttalib said: “He is my nephew, the son of my brother Hashim.” The boy was brought up in Al-Muttalib’s house, but later on Al-Muttalib died in Bardman in Yemen so ‘Abdul-Muttalib took over and managed to maintain his people’s prestige and outdo his grandfathers in his honourable behaviour which gained him Makkah’s deep love and high esteem.

3. 当穆塔利卜去世后，陶费勒夺走了阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜所负责的事务，于是后者向古莱氏人求助，但他们对双方都不愿提供任何支持。于是他写信给自己位于奈贾尔部族的舅舅们（即他母亲的兄弟）来援助他。他的舅舅艾布·赛德·本·阿迪（也是他母亲的兄弟）率领八十名骑士向麦加进发，并在麦加的艾卜塔赫扎营。阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜接待了这些人，并邀请他们到他家中去，但艾布·赛德说：“在我见到陶费勒之前，我不去。”他发现陶费勒正与一些古莱氏的老人坐在天房的阴凉处。艾布·赛德拔出剑来说：“我指安拉起誓，如果你不把你夺走的东西归还给我的侄子，我就用这把剑杀了你。”陶费勒因此被迫交还他所侵占的东西，古莱氏的显贵们也被迫为他的话作证。随后艾布·赛德来到阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜家中，在那里住了三夜，完成了一次副朝（欧姆拉），然后返回麦地那。 此后，陶费勒与阿卜杜·沙姆斯之子、阿卜杜·манаф的后裔结盟，共同对抗哈希姆家族。当呼扎阿部族看到奈贾尔族对阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜的支持时，他们说：“他是我们的儿子，也是你们的儿子。我们比你们更有理由支持他。”阿卜杜·马纳夫的母亲就是其中之一。他们来到议事厅（达尔·al-Nadwa），与哈希姆家族结盟，共同对抗阿卜杜·沙姆斯家族和陶费勒。这一联盟后来成为攻占麦加的主要原因。 阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜一生中见证了两件重要的大事，即挖掘赞宰姆泉和象军事件。

3. When Al-Muttalib died, Nawfal usurped ‘Abdul-Muttalib of his charges, so the latter asked for help from Quraish but they abstained from extending any sort of support to either of them. Consequently, he wrote to his uncles of Bani An-Najjar (his mother’s brothers) to come to his aid. His uncle, Abu Sa‘d bin ‘Adi (his mother’s brother) marched to Makkah at the head of eighty horsemen and camped in Abtah in Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib received the men and invited them to go to his house but Abu Sa‘d said: “Not before I meet Nawfal.” He found Nawfal sitting with some old men of Quraish in the shade of Al-Ka‘bah. Abu Sa‘d drew his sword and said: “I swear by Allâh that if you don’t restore to my nephew what you have taken, I will kill you with this sword.” Nawfal was thus forced to give up what he had usurped, and the notables of Quraish were made to witness to his words. Abu Sa‘d then went to ‘Abdul-Muttalib’s house where he stayed for three nights, made ‘Umra and left back for Madinah. Later on, Nawfal entered into alliance with Bani ‘Abd Shams bin ‘Abd Munaf against Bani Hashim. When Khuza‘a, a tribe, saw Bani An-Najjar’s support to ‘Abdul-Muttalib they said: “He is our son as he is yours. We have more reasons to support him than you.” ‘Abd Munaf’s mother was one of them. They went into An-Nadwa House and entered into alliance with Bani Hashim against Bani ‘Abd Shams and Nawfal. It was an alliance that was later to constitute the main reason for the conquest of Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib witnessed two important events in his lifetime, namely digging Zamzam well and the Elephant raid.

简言之,‘Abdul-Muttalib 在梦中接到指示,要他在某个特定的地方挖掘Zamzam井。他照做了,并在那里发现了Jurhum人被迫离开麦加时埋藏于此的物品:剑、铠甲,以及两只金鹿。Al-Ka‘bah的大门便是用那些金剑和两只金鹿打造的,此后向朝觐者提供Zamzam水的传统也由此确立。

In brief, ‘Abdul-Muttalib received an order in his dream to dig Zamzam well in a particular place. He did that and found the things that Jurhum men had buried therein when they were forced to evacuate Makkah. He found the swords, armours and the two deer of gold. The gate of Al-Ka‘bah was stamped from the gold swords and the two deer and then the tradition of providing Zamzam water to pilgrims was established.

当赞宓泉涌出水来时,古莱什人提出要分享这项事务的权利,但阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜拒绝了他们的要求,理由是安拉只单独选定了他来担任这一尊贵的职责。为了解决争端,他们同意去请教Bani Sa‘d的占卜师。在途中,安拉向他们显示了迹象,证实了阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜对这口圣泉所拥有的特权。直到那时,阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜才郑重发誓:如果他有十个儿子,他就将其中一个成年的儿子献给天房作为牺牲。

4. 阿卜杜拉:先知穆罕默德ﷺ的父亲。他的母亲是法蒂玛,她是阿穆尔·本·阿伊丁·本·伊姆兰·本·马赫祖姆·本·雅格扎·本·穆拉的女儿。阿卜杜拉是阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜众子中最聪慧、最纯洁、最受宠爱的一个。他也是占卜之箭所指定、要被当作献祭牲礼奉献给天房的儿子。阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜有十个儿子,当他们成年后,他向他们透露了自己秘密许下的誓言,他们都默默地、顺从地表示同意。他们的名字被写在占卜箭上,交给了他们最敬爱的神祇胡巴勒的守护者。箭被打乱后抽取,一支箭显示被献祭的是阿卜杜拉。随后,阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜带着剃刀把孩子带到天房,准备宰杀他。然而古莱氏人、他来自马赫祖姆部族的舅舅们以及他的兄弟艾布·塔利卜都试图劝阻他不要实施此举。于是他就誓言一事征求他们的意见。他们建议他请来一位女占卜者来判定应当如何做。她下令对阿卜杜拉以及十头骆驼抽取占卜箭。她又说,每当箭显示的是阿卜杜拉时,就要再增加十头骆驼重新抽签。这一过程不断重复,直到骆驼的数量达到一百头。此时箭显示的是骆驼,于是这些骆驼全部被宰杀(以使胡巴勒满意)代替了他的儿子。被宰杀的骆驼任由人和动物随意食用。

4. ‘Abdullah: The father of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). His mother was Fatimah, daughter of ‘Amr bin ‘A’idh bin ‘Imran bin Makhzum bin Yaqdha bin Murra. ‘Abdullah was the smartest of ‘Abdul-Muttalib’s sons, the chastest and the most loved. He was also the son whom the divination arrows pointed at to be slaughtered as a sacrifice to Al-Ka‘bah. When ‘Abdul-Muttalib had ten sons and they reached maturity, he divulged to them his secret vow in which they silently and obediently acquiesced. Their names were written on divination arrows and given to the guardian of their most beloved goddess, Hubal. The arrows were shuffled and drawn. An arrow showed that it was ‘Abdullah to be sacrificed. ‘Abdul-Muttalib then took the boy to Al-Ka‘bah with a razor to slaughter the boy. Quraish, his uncles from Makhzum tribe and his brother Abu Talib, however, tried to dissuade him from consummating his purpose. He then sought their advice as regards his vow. They suggested that he summon a she-diviner to judge whereabout. She ordered that the divination arrows should be drawn with respect to ‘Abdullah as well as ten camels. She added that drawing the lots should be repeated with ten more camels every time the arrow showed ‘Abdullah. The operation was thus repeated until the number of the camels amounted to one hundred. At this point the arrow showed the camels, consequently they were all slaughtered (to the satisfaction of Hubal) instead of his son. The slaughtered camels were left for anyone to eat from, human or animal.

•这一事件使阿拉伯半岛通行的血酬数额发生了变化。原先是十头骆驼，此事之后提高到一百头。伊斯兰教后来也认可了这一做法。另有一件与上述问题密切相关的事，内容是：先知ﷺ曾经说道：

• This incident produced a change in the amount of blood-money usually accepted in Arabia. It had been ten camels, but after this event it was increased to a hundred. Islam, later on, approved of this. Another thing closely relevant to the above issue goes to the effect that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) once said:

“我是两位被献祭者的后裔”，指的是易卜拉欣的儿子易司马仪和阿卜杜拉。阿卜杜勒·穆塔里布为他的儿子阿卜杜拉挑选了妻子阿米娜，她是瓦哈卜之女，瓦哈卜是阿卜杜·曼夫之子，曼夫是宰赫拉之子，宰赫拉是基拉卜之子。从这一世系来看，她在出身与门第的尊贵方面都十分杰出。她的父亲是宰赫拉部族的首领，该部族享有很高的荣誉。两人在麦加结婚，不久之后，阿卜杜拉被父亲派往麦地那购买枣子，并在那里去世。另一种说法是，阿卜杜拉前往叙利亚经商，在归途中于麦地那去世，被葬在纳比嘎·朱阿迪的家中。他去世时年仅二十五岁。大多数史学家认为，他的去世发生在先知穆罕默德ﷺ出生前两个月。也有人说，他的去世发生在先知出生后两个月。阿米娜得知丈夫去世的消息后，以一首动人心弦的挽歌来纪念他。

“I am the offspring of the slaughtered two,” meaning Ishmael and ‘Abdullah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib chose Amina, daughter of Wahab bin ‘Abd Munaf bin Zahra bin Kilab, as a wife for his son, ‘Abdullah. She thus, in the light of this ancestral lineage, stood eminent in respect of nobility of position and descent. Her father was the chief of Bani Zahra to whom great honour was attributed. They were married in Makkah, and soon after ‘Abdullah was sent by his father to buy dates in Madinah where he died. In another version, ‘Abdullah went to Syria on a trade journey and died in Madinah on his way back. He was buried in the house of An-Nabigha Al-Ju‘di. He was twenty-five years old when he died. Most historians state that his death was two months before the birth of Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Some others said that his death was two months after the Prophet’s birth. When Amina was informed of her husband’s death, she celebrated his memory in a most heart-touching elegy.