在先知historical... Let me correct that: 在圣历十年的赖哲卜月，艾布·引布卜病倒并去世，此时距他离开沙尔卜谷的隔离已有六个月。另一种说法是，艾布·引布卜在斋月去世，比海蒂彦去世早三天（愿安拉喜悦她）。据穆萨耶卜传述，艾布·引布卜临终时，先知ﷺ进入房间，看见阿布·哲赫勒和阿卜杜拉·本·阿比·乌迈耶也在场。先知ﷺ请求他的叔叔说：

In Rajab, the tenth year of the Prophethood, Abu Talib fell ill and passed away, six months after leaving the confinement at Ash-Sh‘ib. In another version, Abu Talib breathed his last in Ramadan, three days prior to the death of Khadijah (May Allah be pleased with her). On the authority of Al-Musaiyab, when Abu Talib was on the death bed, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) entered the room where he saw Abu Jahl and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Omaiyah. He requested his uncle:

“叔叔，您只要宣告‘除真主外，别无应受崇拜的主宰’，我就会在真主面前为您作证（证明您是信士）。”

• “My uncle, you just make a profession that there is no true god but Allâh, and I will bear testimony before Allâh (of your being a believer)”.

阿布·哲赫勒和阿卜杜拉·本·阿比·乌迈叶对他说:"阿布·塔利卜,你要放弃阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜的宗教吗?"安拉的使者ﷺ不断地恳求他(接受他的提议),而另一方面,阿布·哲赫勒和阿卜杜拉·本·阿比·乌迈叶也不断重复同样的话,直到阿布·塔利卜作出最终的决定:他坚守阿卜杜勒-穆塔利卜的宗教,拒绝承认除安拉之外没有真正的神灵。于是安拉的使者ﷺ说道:

Abu Jahl and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Omaiyah addressing him said: “Abu Talib, would you abandon the religion of ‘Abdul-Muttalib?” The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) constantly requested him (to accept his offer), and (on the other hand) was repeated the same statement (of Abu Jahl and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Omaiyah) — till Abu Talib gave his final decision and he stuck to the religion of ‘Abdul-Muttalib and refused to profess that there is no true god but Allâh. Upon this the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) remarked:

“以安拉发誓，我会持续为你们求饶，直到我被禁止这样做为止（由安拉禁止）。”

• “By Allâh, I will persistently beg pardon for you till I am forbidden to do so (by Allâh)”.

那时，伟大而至尊的安拉降示了这节经文：

It was then that Allâh, the Magnificent and Glorious revealed this verse:

“先知和信士们不应该为以物配主者（多神教徒、拜偶像者、否认安拉独一的人）求饶，即便他们是至亲，在他们已经明白自己是火狱的居民（因为他们死于不信之中）之后。”[9:113]

•v “It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allâh’s forgiveness for the Mushrikûn (polytheists, idolaters, pagans, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh) even though they be of kin, after it has become clear to them that they are the dwellers of the Fire (because they died in a state of disbelief).” [9:113].

有人对安拉的使者（愿安拉赐予他平安）说： Wait — the rules say to write ﷺ once after the Prophet's mention instead of a written-out honorific such as "(Peace be upon him)". So the correct output is: 有人对安拉的使者ﷺ说：

And it was said to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him):

“真的！你（穆罕默德ﷺ）不能引导你所喜爱的人。”（28:56）

• “Verily! You [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him) ] guide not whom you like.” [28:56].

毋庸置疑，阿布·塔利卜对穆罕默德ﷺ十分眷恋。四十年间，阿布·塔利卜一直是他忠实的朋友——童年时的依靠，青年时的监护人，晚年时的坚强后盾。阿布·塔利卜为了侄子，使自己和家人承受种种牺牲，而他当时对侄子的使命仍持怀疑态度，这些行为足以彰显他品格的高尚与无私。先知ﷺ竭尽全力劝说这位八十多岁的叔叔皈依真正的信仰，但他始终固执不改，坚持其祖先的多神崇拜，因此未能完全成功。阿拔斯·本·阿卜杜勒-穆塔利布传述，他曾对先知ﷺ说：“您对您的叔叔（阿布·塔利卜）并没有起到什么作用，尽管以安拉发誓，他一直保护您，并为您而愤怒。”先知ﷺ说：“他在浅层的火中，若不是因为我，他必定会在火狱的最底层。”

It goes without saying that Abu Talib was very much attached to Muhammad (Peace be upon him) . For forty years, Abu Talib had been the faithful friend — the prop of his childhood, the guardian of his youth and in later life a very tower of defence. The sacrifices to which Abu Talib exposed himself and his family for the sake of his nephew, while yet incredulous of his mission, stamp his character as singularly noble and unselfish. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) did his best to persuade his octogenarian uncle to make profession of the true faith, but he remained obdurate and stuck to the paganism of his forefathers, and thus could not achieve complete success. Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib narrated that he said to the Prophet (Peace be upon him) “You have not been of any avail to your uncle (Abu Talib) (though) by Allâh, he used to protect you and get angry on your behalf.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: “He is in a shallow fire, and had it not been for me, he would have been at the bottom of the (Hell) Fire.”.

阿布·赛义德·胡德里传述，他听到先知ﷺ提到他的叔叔时说："我希望我的说情能对他有益，使他被置于只到脚跟的浅火之中。"

Abu Sa‘id Al-Khudri narrated that he heard the Prophet (Peace be upon him) say, when the mention of his uncle was made, “I hope that my intercession may avail him, and he be placed in a shallow fire that rises up only to his heels.”

在他叔叔去世仅两个月之后,安拉的使者ﷺ又遭受了另一项重大的个人损失,即信士们的母亲、他的妻子海蒂彦(Khadijah)在他先知使命的第十年斋月里去世,她当时六十五岁,而他五十岁。海蒂彦实际上是安拉赐予先知ﷺ的一份恩典。二十五年间,她与他共同承受生活的艰辛与考验,尤其是在他先知使命的最初十年里。他对她的离世深感悲痛,有一次他在真挚而温柔的情感迸发中说道:

Only two months after the death of his uncle, did the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) experience another great personal loss viz., the Mother of believers, his wife Khadijah passed away in Ramadan of the tenth year of his Prophethood, when she was sixty-five years old, and he was fifty. Khadijah was in fact a blessing of Allâh for the Prophet (Peace be upon him). She, for twenty-five years, shared with him the toils and trials of life, especially in the first ten years of his ministry of Prophethood. He deeply mourned over her death, and once he replied in an honest burst of tender emotions:

“她在无人信我时相信我。她在人们否认我时接受了伊斯兰。她以自己的身体和财产帮助并安慰我，而那时没有任何人向我伸出援手。我的孩子们都是她所生。”

• “She believed in me when none else did. She embraced Islam when people disbelieved me. And she helped and comforted me in her person and wealth when there was none else to lend me a helping hand. I had children from her only.”.

据艾布·胡莱赖传述：吉卜利勒来见安拉的使者（愿主福安之），说：“安拉的使者啊，哈蒂徹正带着一器盛有调味食物或饮品的器皿来到您这里。她来到您身边时，请代她的主向她致安，并向她报喜：天堂里有一座由珠宝构成的宫殿，那里没有喧嚷，也没有劳苦。”

Abu Hurairah reported that Gabriel came to Allâh’s Messenger (Peace be upon him) and said: “Allâh’s Messenger, lo, Khadijah is coming to you with a vessel of seasoned food or drink. When she comes to you, offer her greetings from her Lord, and give her glad tidings of a palace of jewels in Paradise where there is no noise and no toil.”.

这两件痛苦的事情发生在很短的时间内,给他的悲痛和苦难又增添了许多。麦加人此时公然宣布了他们的迫害与压迫运动。先知ﷺ已对将他们引回正道不再抱有希望,于是前往塔伊夫,寻求一个支持的环境。但在那里他同样感到失望,遭受了难以忍受的虐待和凌辱,远超过他在故乡所经历的困境。他的同伴们同样遭受了难以言表的酷刑和无法忍受的压迫,以至于他最亲密的朋友艾布·伯克尔为躲避压力,逃离了麦加,并打算前往阿比西尼亚(埃塞俄比亚),若不是伊本·达嘎纳在巴尔克·安-加马德遇见他,并成功劝阻他完成逃亡之旅,将他带回并置于自己的庇护之下,他就要成行了。

These two painful events took place within a short lapse of time and added a lot to his grief and suffering. The Makkans now openly declared their campaign of torture and oppression. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) lost all hope of bringing them back to the right path, so he set out for Al-Ta’if seeking a supportive atmosphere. But there too, he was disappointed and he sustained unbearable tortures and maltreatment that far outweighed his miserable situation in his native town. His Companions were on equal footing subjected to unspeakable torture and unbearable oppression to such an extent that his closest friend, Abu Bakr, to escape pressure, fled out of Makkah and wanted to leave for Abyssinia (Ethiopia) if it were not for Ibn Ad-Daghanah who met him at Bark Al-Ghamad and managed to dissuade him from completing his journey of escape and brought him back under his protection.

哈蒂彻去世后,先知ﷺ感到孤独。有人向他提议迎娶萨达为妻,他接受了。这位女士为伊斯兰教吃了许多苦。她是最早皈依伊斯兰教的人之一,她丈夫也是在她的劝说下信奉伊斯兰教的。第二次迁徙到阿比西尼亚(埃塞俄比亚)时,萨达随丈夫阿尔-萨克兰·本·阿慕尔同行。他们在返回麦加的途中,他去世了,使她陷入了极其困苦的境地。她是先知ﷺ在哈蒂彻去世后第一位迎娶的妻子。几年后,她将自己与先知ﷺ相处的轮次让给了她的另一位妻子阿伊莎。

The death of Khadijah left the Prophet (Peace be upon him) lonely. The name of Sawdah was suggested to him for marriage which he accepted. This lady had suffered many hardships for the sake of Islam. She was an early convert to the Islamic Faith and it was by her persuasion that her husband had embraced Islam. On the second emigration to Abyssinia (Ethiopia), Sawdah had accompanied her husband As-Sakran bin ‘Amr. He died on their way back to Makkah leaving her in a terrible state of destitution. She was the first woman for the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to marry after the death of Khadijah. Some years later she granted her turn with the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to her co-wife, ‘Aishah.