在完成宣教、宣布使命并以“万物非主，唯有真主”为基础、以穆罕默德的使命建立起一个新社会之后，先知穆罕默德（愿主福安之）心中升起一种隐秘的预感，告诉他在今世的逗留即将结束。这在他对穆阿兹所说的话中十分明显。穆阿兹是他在伊斯兰历第十年派往也门的人。他说：“穆阿兹啊！今年之后，你也许再见不到我了。你甚至可能经过我的这座清真寺和我的坟墓。”穆阿兹听后哭了起来，因为他害怕与真主的使者（愿主福安之）分离。

After the accomplishment of the Call, the proclamation of the Message and the establishment of a new society on the basis of ‘There is no god but Allâh,’ and on Muhammad’s mission, a secret call uprose in the heart of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) telling him that his stay in the Lower World was about to terminate. That was clear in his talk to Mu‘adh whom he had dispatched to Yemen in the tenth year of Al-Hijra: “O, Mu‘adh! You may not see me after this current year. You may even pass by this very Mosque of mine and my tomb.” Upon hearing that Mu‘adh cried for fear that he would part with the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him).

安拉的眷顾极其丰厚，使先知（愿主赐福他并使他平安）得以亲眼看到他所传播的使命所结出的果实。为了这一使命，他忍受了二十多年的种种磨难。这二十多年，他都在积极奔走。他在生命的最后几年，常在麦加郊外会见各部落的成员及其代表，他们向他请教，并从他那里学习伊斯兰的律法与制度；作为回报，他要求他们作证：他已经传达了托付，传递了讯息，并且规劝了世人。

Allâh’s care was so bounteous as to let the Prophet (Peace be upon him) see the fruits of his Call for the sake of which he suffered various sorts of trouble for over twenty years. Those twenty years had elapsed actively. He used to spend his last days meeting, at the outskirts of Makkah, members of tribes and their representatives who used to consult him and learn the laws and legislation of Islam from him, and in return he used to exact their testimony that he had delivered trust and communicated the Message and counselled the people.

使者安拉的使者（愿主福安之）宣布他亲自前往这次蒙福的朝觐之旅。大批民众涌向麦地那，他们都寻求安拉的使者（愿主福安之）在朝觐（Al-Hajj）中的引导和领导。都尔喀尔德月最后四天中的一个星期六，先知（愿主福安之）开始了出发的准备程序。他梳理了头发，涂抹了一些香水，穿上了外袍，给骆驼备上鞍，并在下午出发。他在下午拜前到达了左勒海理法。他做了两拜拜，并在那里过夜。天亮时，他对他的门徒们说：

The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) announced an intention to proceed with this blessed pilgrimage journey himself. Enormous crowds of people came to Madinah, all of whom seek the guidance and Imamate of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) in the pilgrimage (Al-Hajj). On a Saturday of the last four days of Dhul-Qa‘dah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) started the departure preparations procedure. He combed his hair, applied some perfume, wore his garment, saddled his camel and set off in the afternoon. He arrived at Dhul-Hulaifa before the afternoon prayer. He performed two Rak‘a and spent the night there. When it was morning he said to his Companions:

• “今夜，有一位来访者奉我主之命来到我这里，对我说：‘在这片蒙福的山谷中礼拜，并说：我意欲将’Umrah与朝觐合并（以’Umrah进入Al-Hajj）。’”

• “A comer, sent by my Lord, has called on me tonight and said: ‘Pray in this blessed valley and say: I intend ‘Umrah combined with pilgrimage (‘Umrah into Al-Hajj).

在正午拜前，他为受戒（朝觐的圣洁状态）而沐浴，阿伊莎（愿真主喜悦她）用手将一种植物香料Dharira和含麝香的香水涂抹在他的身体和头上。香水厚重粘稠的一层，可以在他的头发和胡须间看见。他没有洗去，穿上了腰布和外衣。他缩短了正午拜，做了两拜。他在礼拜的地方宣告了与副朝相关的朝觐仪式。随后他骑上他的骆驼“盖思瓦”，并宣称：“除真主外，别无应拜的主。”当他进入沙漠时，他高声赞颂真主的尊名。

Before performing the noon prayer, he bathed for Ihram (ritual consecration), and ‘Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) perfumed him on both his body and head with her hand with a Dharira (a plant) and with a perfume containing musk. The thick sticky layer of perfume could be seen among his parts of hair and beard. He left it unwashed, wore his loincloth and garment. He performed the noon prayer shortened, two Rak‘a. He proclaimed pilgrimage procedure associated with ‘Umrah at his prayer-place. He, then mounted his she-camel ‘Al-Qaswa’, and proclaimed: ‘There is no god but Allâh’. When he moved into the desert, he acclaimed the Name of Allâh.

他继续赶路，直到接近麦加。他在Dhi Tuwa过夜，于晨礼后进入麦加。这是希吉来历十年DhulHijjah月的第四日，星期日早晨，他沐浴。他在途中度过了八天，这是一段平均的时间。一进入禁寺，他便绕天房（Al-Ka‘bah）行环绕礼，并在as-Safa与al-Marwah之间往返行走（Sa‘i）。他没有结束朝觐的戒律（Ihram），因为他是Qarin（即同时意图小朝和大朝）。随后，他带着Al-Hadi（即献祭的牲畜）以便宰杀。他在麦加的一处高地——Al-Hajun——扎营。至于环绕，他只进行了大朝的环绕。

He proceeded with his journey till he approached Makkah. He spent the night at Dhi Tuwa and entered Makkah after performing the dawn prayer. He had a bath on Sunday morning, the fourth of Dhul-Hijjah the tenth year of Al-Hijra. He spent eight days on the way, which was an average period. As soon as he entered Al-Haram Mosque he circumambulated Al-Ka‘bah and walked to and fro (Sa‘i) between As-Safa and Al-Marwah. He did not finish the Ihram (ritual consecration) because he was Qarin (i.e. intending ‘Umrah and Al-Hajj associated). He then took Al-Hadi (i.e. the sacrificial animals) in order to slaughter them. He camped on a high place of Makkah — Al-Hajun. As for circumambulation, he performed only that of Al-Hajj (pilgrimage circumambulation).

那些没有带牺牲用的哈迪（Hadi）的圣门弟子，被命令进入“欧姆拉”（即小朝）的伊历状态（即仪式性的圣洁状态），绕行天房（Al-Ka‘bah），并在埃斯-萨法（As-Safa）与麦尔沃（Al-Marwah）之间仪式性地往返奔走。此后他们便可以解除伊历状态。然而，他们对于所吩咐的事情表现出不情愿。于是，安拉的使者ﷺ说：“如果我早先知道我后来所知道的，我就不会带哈迪，如果我没有哈迪，我就会解除伊历。”圣门弟子听到这些话后，便遵从了后来的命令。

Those of his Companions who had no Hadi with them to sacrifice, were ordered to observe Ihram (i.e. the state of ritual consecration) into ‘Umrah (i.e. lesser pilgrimage), and circumambulate Al-Ka‘bah and stride ritually to and fro between As-Safa and Al-Marwah. After that they could relieve themselves from Ihram. They, however, showed reluctance to do what they had been told. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) said: ”Had I known beforehand what I knew afterward, I would not bring Hadi, and if I did not have Hadi, I would break Ihram. On hearing these words, his Companions obeyed the orders to the latter.

在圣历(Dhul-Hijjah)月初八日,即塔尔维耶日(Day of Tarwiyah),先知ﷺ前往米纳,在那里礼了晌礼、哺礼、昏礼、宵礼和晨礼,即五次拜功。之后他稍作停留,直到太阳升起,然后继续前行,抵达阿拉法特。在那里,纳米拉为他搭建了一顶帐篷。他坐在帐篷内,直到太阳落山。他下令为他备好他的骆驼盖苏瓦(Al-Qaswa’),人们为它上好鞍并备妥。随后他下到山谷中,当时约有十二万四千人或四万四千人围绕在他身边。他在那里站起身,发表了如下演说:

On the eighth day of Dhul-Hijjah — that is the Day of Tarwiyah, he left for Mina where he performed the noon, the afternoon, the sunset, the evening and the dawn prayers. — i.e. five prayers. Then he stayed for a while till the sun rose up then he passed along till he reached ‘Arafah, where there was a tent built for him at Namirah. He sat inside till the sun went down. He ordered that Al-Qaswa’, his she-camel, should be prepared for him. They saddled it and had it ready, so he went down the valley where a hundred thousand and twenty-four or forty-four thousand people gathered round him. There he stood up and delivered the following speech:

“各位世人！请听我说。今年之后，我不知道还能否在此地与你们再次相见。你们彼此流血、彼此非法夺取财产，都是被禁止的。这就像今天这一天、这个圣月、这座圣城（即麦加及其周边地区）中流血一样，都是禁忌（哈兰）的。”

• “ O people! Listen to what I say. I do not know whether I will ever meet you at this place once again after this current year. It is unlawful for you to shed the blood of one another or take (unlawfully) the fortunes of one another. They are as unlawful, (Haram) as shedding blood on such a day as today and in such a month as this Haram month and in such a sanctified city as this sacred city (i.e. Makkah and the surrounding areas).”.

“看哪!异教和蒙昧时代的一切习俗,现在都被我踩在脚下。蒙昧时代(伊斯兰前的时期)的血仇一律免除。我首先废除的血债,是伊本·拉比‘a·本·哈里思的血债。他曾在萨‘d部落中被哺育,却被胡දhail部落杀害。高利贷是被禁止的,我从免除‘Abbas·本·‘Abdul Muttalib应收的利息开始。确实,这些利息全部免除。”

“Behold! all practices of paganism and ignorance are now under my feet. The blood-revenge of the Days of Ignorance (pre-Islamic time) are remitted. The first claim on blood I abolish is that of Ibn Rabi‘a bin Harith who was nursed in the tribe of Sa‘d and whom Hudhail killed. Usury is forbidden, and I make a beginning by remitting the amount of interest which ‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul Muttalib has to receive. Verily, it is remitted entirely.”.

“人们啊！你们要敬畏安拉，关于妇女的事情。你们确已凭安拉的信托娶了她们，并凭安拉的言辞使你们得以与她们行夫妻之事。她们有义务尊重你们的夫妻权利；如果她们做出不端的行为，你们有权责罚她们，但不可过于严厉。如果你们的妻子远离不端的行为，并且忠于你们，那么你们就应当按照常规供给她们衣食。”

“O people! Fear Allâh concerning women. Verily you have taken them on the security of Allâh and have made their persons lawful unto you by Words of Allâh! It is incumbent upon them to honour their conjugal rights and, not to commit acts of impropriety which, if they do, you have authority to chastise them, yet not severely. If your wives refrain from impropriety and are faithful to you, clothe and feed them suitably.”.

“我确已将真主的经典和祂的使者的逊奈（圣训）留给你们，你们若坚守这两样，就永远不会迷失。”

“Verily, I have left amongst you the Book of Allâh and the Sunnah (Traditions) of His Messenger which if you hold fast, you shall never go astray.”.

“人们啊，我之后不会再有先知，你们之后也不会再有任何民族。所以我嘱咐你们崇拜你们的主，礼五时拜，斋戒莱麦丹月，自愿地缴纳你们财产中的天课。我嘱咐你们朝拜你们主的圣殿，服从那些管理你们的人，这样你们便会得到进入你们主的天园的回报。”“如果有人问你们关于我的事，你们会说什么呢？”

“O people, I am not succeeded by a Prophet and you are not succeeded by any nation. So I recommend you to worship your Lord, to pray the five prayers, to fast Ramadan and to offer the Zakat (poor-due) of your provision willingly. I recommend you to do the pilgrimage to the Sacred House of your Lord and to obey those who are in charge of you then you will be awarded to enter the Paradise of your Lord.”. “And if you were asked about me, what wanted you to say?”.

The message you've sent is "They replied:" with no further text. Since that is the text to translate, here is the translation: 他们回答说：

They replied:

“我们作证，您已传达了使命，尽到了职责。”然后他举起食指朝向天空，再朝向人群指下，同时说：“主啊，请您作证。”ﷺ

• “We bear witness that you have conveyed the message and discharged your ministry.” He then raised his forefskywards and then moved it down towards people while saying: l “O Allâh, Bear witness.”.

他把这句话重复了三遍。

He said that phrase thrice.

那个在阿拉法特大声重复先知ﷺ话语的人是拉比尔·本·欧迈耶·本·哈拉夫。

The one who repeated the Prophet’s (Peace be upon him)statements loudly at ‘Arafat was Rabi‘a bin Omaiyah bin Khalaf.

当先知完成讲话后,下面这节《古兰经》经文降示给了他ﷺ:

As soon as the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had accomplished delivering the speech, the following Qur’ânic verse was revealed to him:

“今天，我已为你们完成了你们的宗教，圆满了我对你们的恩典，并为你们选择了伊斯兰作为你们的宗教。”{5:3}

• “This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.” [5:3].

听到这节经文后,欧麦尔哭了起来。有人问他:"是什么让你哭泣?"他回答说:"完美之后,唯有缺憾才能成功。"

Upon hearing this verse ‘Umar cried. “What makes you cry?” He was asked. His answer was: “Nothing succeeds perfection but imperfection.”.

比拉勒在演讲之后呼唤了礼拜,然后又做了第二次召唤。先知ﷺ将午礼和晡礼分开各自礼拜,两者之间没有任何其他拜功。随后他骑上他的骆驼嘎斯瓦("Al-Qaswa’"),来到驻留之地,面向克尔白方向站立,一直站到日落,天空的黄色稍稍消退,太阳的圆盘隐没。乌萨玛补充说,先知ﷺ then 前往穆兹达里法,在那里以一次"第一召唤"和两次"第二召唤"礼了昏礼和宵礼。他在两次拜功之间没有念诵真主的赞颂。然后他躺下休息,直到黎明拜功的时间。他在近乎破晓时以一次"第一召唤"和一次"第二召唤"礼了晨礼。 他骑上他的嘎斯瓦,前往神圣的麦什阿尔山。他面向克尔白方向,开始祈祷:"真主至大,除真主外别无应受崇拜者。"他在那里停留,直到天色大亮,在太阳升高之前,他动身前往米纳。他稍微步行,穿过通往大石柱的中间路段,在那里停下,向大石柱投掷七颗石子,每投一颗都说"真主至大"。这些石子如同从山谷底部抛出的小石子。 随后他前往献牲之地,亲手宰了六十三头骆驼,并让阿里宰了其余的,总共一百三十七头。他让阿里与他共享献牲。每头宰杀的牲畜取一块肉放入锅中煮熟,两人一同吃肉、喝汤。然后真主的使者ﷺ骑上他的骆驼返回天房,在麦加礼了午礼。他到达时,遇见阿卜杜勒·穆塔利卜的子孙在赞姆赞泉为民众供应饮水。 “吾侪这些阿卜杜勒·穆塔里卜的子孙，请为我打水吧。我本愿与你们一同打水，只是怕此事之后会被他人据为己有。”于是他们递给他一桶水，他便痛饮，直到心满意足。

Bilal called for prayer after the speech, and then made the second call. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) performed both of the noon and the afternoon prayers separately, with no prayers in between. He then mounted his she-camel Al-Qaswa’, approached the location of the vigil, directed his face towards Al-Qiblah, kept on standing till sunset when the sky yellow colour vanished a bit and the disc of the sun disappeared. Osamah added that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) moved onward to Muzdalifa. where he observed the sunset and the evening prayers with one ‘First call’ and two ‘second calls’. He did not entertain the Glory of Allâh between the two prayers. Then he lay down till it was dawn prayer time. He performed it with one first call and one second call at almost daybreak time. Mounting on his Al-Qaswa’, he moved towards Al-Mash‘ar Al-Haram. He faced Al-Qiblah and started supplicating: “Allâh is the Greatest. There is no god but Allâh.” He remained there till it was clear morning and before the sun rose high, he made his way to Mina. He walked a little and threaded the mid-road leading to the big Jamrah where he stopped and pelted seven pebbles at it saying “Allâh is the Greatest” each time. They were like small pebbles hurled from the bottom of the valley. Then he set off to the sacrificial place, where he sacrificed sixty-three camels with his hands, and asked ‘Ali to slaughter the others, a hundred and thirty-seven altogether. He made ‘Ali share him in Al-Hadi. A piece of meat from each slaughtered animal was ordered to be cooked in a pot and from which both men ate, and drank the soup. Then the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) mounted his she-camel and returned to the House where he observed the noon prayer at Makkah and there he came upon the children of ‘Abdul Muttalib were supplying drinking water to people at Zamzam Well. “Draw up water, children of ‘Abdul Muttalib, I would draw up with you if I were not afraid that people would appropriate this honour after me.” They handed him a pail of water and he drank to his fill.

在十二月十日，即宰牲日（Yaum An-Nahr）的白天，先知ﷺ又发表了一次演讲。那是在辰时，当时他骑着一头灰色的骡子。阿里向人们转达了他的讲话，人们或站或坐。他重复了前一天说过的一些话。两位谢赫（布哈里和穆斯林）记载了一个由阿布·伯克拉传述的版本，他说：

At the daytime of the tenth of Dhul-Hijjah on the Slaughtering Day (Yaum An-Nahr) The Prophet (Peace be upon him) delivered another speech. That was at high time morning, while he was mounting a grey mule. ‘Ali conveyed his statements to the people, who were standing or sitting. He repeated some of the statements that he had previously said the day before. The two Sheikh (Bukhâri and Muslim) reported a version narrated by Abi Bakrah who said:

先知ﷺ在宰牲节（屠宰日）发表了演讲，他说：

• The Prophet (Peace be upon him) made a speech on Yaum An-Nahr (day of slaughtering) and said:

• “时间的形态与状况，已与安拉创造天地之时相似。一年十二个月，其中四个是禁月（Hurum）。这四个月中，有三个是连续的，即Dhul-Qa‘dah、Dhul-Hijjah和Al-Muharram。第四个月是Rajab Mudar，它位于Jumada与Sha‘ban之间。”

• “Time has grown similar in form and state to the time when Allâh created the heavens and the earth. A year is twelve months. Four of which are Sacred Months (Hurum). Three of the four months are successive. They are Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Al-Muharram. The fourth Month is Rajab Mudar, which comes between Jumada and Sha‘ban.”.

“这是什么月份？”他问道。我们说：“真主和祂的使者最知道。”他沉默了一会儿，我们以为他会给它另取一个名称。“这不是‘圣月’（Dhul-Hijjah）吗？”他问道。“是的，是的。”我们说。接着他又问：“这座城镇叫什么？”我们说：“真主和祂的使者最知道。”他沉默了一会儿，我们以为他会给它另取一个名称。“这不是‘艾尔-巴勒黛’（Al-Baldah，即城镇）吗？”他问道。“是的，是的。”我们回答。然后他再次问道：“今天是哪一天？”我们回答：“真主和祂的使者最知道。”于是他又沉默了一会儿，然后带着疑惑说：“这不是‘宰牲日’（An-Nahr，即屠宰之日）吗？”“是的，是的。”我们说。然后他说：

“What month is this month?” He asked. We said: “Allâh and His Messenger know best of all.” He kept silent for a while till we thought he would attach to it a different appellation. “Is it not Dhul-Hijjah?” He wondered. “Yes. It is.” We said. Then he asked, “What is this town called?” We said: “Allâh and His Messenger know best of all.” He was silent for a while till we thought he would give it a different name. “Is it not Al-Baldah? (i.e. the town)” asked he. “Yes. It is.” We replied. Then he asked again, “What day is it today?” We replied: “Allâh and His Messenger know best of all.” Then he kept silent for a while and said wondering: “Is it not ‘An-Nahr’ (i.e. slaughtering) Day?” “Yes. It is.” Said we. Then he said:

“（流）彼此的血，以及（不情愿地）吞食或夺取彼此的财物，还有你们的名誉，都是神圣不可侵犯的（哈拉姆）。冒犯它们的神圣，是不被允许的。你们彼此之间应当像这神圣的日子、这神圣的月份、这神圣的城市一样神圣不可侵犯。”

“(Shedding) the blood of one another and eating or taking one another’s provisions (unwillingly) and your honour are all inviolable (Haram). It is unlawful to violate their holiness. They must be as sacred to one another as this sacred day, in this sacred month, in this sacred town.”.

“你们将被复活，回归你们的主。届时你们将为自己的行为受到清算。所以不要变成迷失方向、彼此残杀的人。” “我难道没有传达（我主的）启示吗？”他们说：“是的，你已经传达了。” “主啊！请作证！让在场的人将此转告不在场的人。因为，许多被转告的人对它的领会，或许比听众更加深刻。”他说。

“You will go back to be resurrected (after death) to your Lord. There you will be accounted for your deeds. So do not turn into people who go astray and kill one another.” “Have I not delivered the Message (of my Lord)?” “Yes you have.” Said they. “O Allâh! Bear witness! Let him that is present convey it unto him who is absent. For haply, many people to whom the Message is conveyed may be more mindful of it than the audience,.” said he.

在另一个版本中提到，先知ﷺ在那次演讲中说道：“凡陷入灾祸者，必然伤害自己。所以你们中任何人都不可对父母作恶。魔鬼确已绝望，不会在你们这片土地上再被崇拜；但在你们轻视的小事上，他会被服从。魔鬼对这类事情便会感到满足。”

In another version it is said that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had said in that very speech: l “He whoever plunges into misfortune will certainly aggrieve himself. So let no one of you inflict an evil upon his parents. Verily Satan has utterly despaired being worshipped in this country of yours; but he will be obeyed at your committing trivial things you disdain. Satan will be contented with such things.”.

安拉的使者ﷺ在屠沙利格日（即Zul-Hijjah月的第11、12和13日）留在米纳，履行伊斯兰的仪式教导，记念安拉（祈祷），遵循易卜拉欣的正道，消除一切多神崇拜的痕迹和特征。在屠沙利格日的某些日子里，他也发表了一些演讲。 在艾布·达乌德的一个版本中，经由良好的传述链（见《传记》），纳班的女儿说：“安拉的使者ﷺ在鲁欧斯日（头日）对我们发表演讲，他说：‘这不是屠沙利格日的中间那一天吗？’他那天的演讲与宰牲日的演讲相似。这篇演讲是在《胜利章》（An-Nasr）降示之后发表的。” 在奈法尔日的第二天（即Zul-Hijjah月的第13日），先知ﷺ启程前往米纳，并在阿布塔赫附近的巴尼·基纳na山坡的一处高地停留。他在那里度过了那天剩余的时间和夜晚，并在那里举行了晌礼、asr礼、昏礼和宵礼。

The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) spent At-Tashreeq Days (11th, 12th and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah) in Mina performing the ritual teachings of Islam, remembering Allâh (praying), following the ways of guidance of Ibrahim, wiping out all traces and features or polytheism. On some days of At-Tashreeq he delivered some speeches as well. In a version to Abu Da’ûd with good reference to Sira,’ the daughter of Nabhan; she said: “The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) made us a speech at the Ru’us (Heads) Day in which he said: “Is it not this the middle day of At-Tashreeq Days.” His speech that day was similar to that of An-Nahr Day’s. It was made after the revelation of Surat An-Nasr. On the second day of An-Nafr (i.e. Departure) — on the thirteenth of Dhul-Hijjah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) proceeded with An-Nafr to Mina and stayed at a high place of a mountain side at Bani Kinanah from Al-Abtah. He spent the rest of that day and night there — where he performed the noon, the afternoon, the sunset and the evening prayers.

然后他小睡片刻,便骑上骆驼前往克尔白。他进行了告别的环绕天房(Tawaf Al-Wada‘)，并命令他的同伴们也照做。在完成宗教仪式之后，他加快行程，前往被净化的麦地那。他前往那里并非为了寻求休息，而是为了重新投入为安拉之道而进行的奋斗与斗争。ﷺ

Then he slept for a short while and mounted leaving for the Ka‘bah. He performed the Farewell Circumambulation (Tawaf Al-Wada‘), after ordering his Companions to do the same thing. Upon the accomplishment of his religious rituals he quickened his move to the purified Madinah. He went there not to seek rest but to resume the strife and struggle in the way of Allâh.

拜占庭国的傲慢使其剥夺穆斯林生存的权利。拜占庭的骄横甚至使其杀害了那些皈依伊斯兰教的代理人。杀害在穆尔(Mu'an)担任其代理人的法尔瓦·本·阿穆尔·贾苏米(Farwah bin 'Amr Al-Judhami),便是其骄横的明证。由于拜占庭的这种傲慢与自负,先知穆罕默德ﷺ于伊历第十一年的萨法尔月开始征集一支大军,并任命奥萨马·本·宰德·本·哈里萨(Osamah bin Zaid bin Haritha)为统帅,命其率领穆斯林的骑兵践踏与巴勒斯坦的巴勒格(Al-Balqa')和达鲁姆(Ad-Darum)接壤的土地。其目的在于震慑拜占庭人,并增强定居在拜占庭边境的阿拉伯人的信心。另一个目的是向当地所有人传递一个信息:使任何人都不敢妄言教会的暴行可以逍遥法外;伊斯兰的传播并不等同于恐惧与脆弱。

The pride of the Byzantine State made it deny Muslims their right to live. The Byzantine arrogance made them even kill those agents of theirs, who embraced Islam. Killing Farwah bin ‘Amr Al-Judhami, who was their agent on Mu’an, was an evidence of their arrogance. Due to that arrogance and presumptuousness of the Byzantines, the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) started to mobilize a great army in Safar in the eleventh year of Al-Hijra and made it under the command of Osamah bin Zaid bin Haritha with orders to have the horses of Muslims tread on the lands bordering Al-Balqa’ and Ad-Darum of Palestine. His aim was to terrorize Byzantines and to implant confidence into the hearts of Arabs who were settled at the borders of the Byzantines. His other purpose was to deliver a message to everybody there, so that no one may dare say that the Church brutality can’t go with impunity; and that Islamization is not synonymous with fear and vulnerability.

奥萨马的统领地位曾遭到非议。因为他年纪尚轻，人们迟迟不肯加入他的远征。使者（愿主赐他平安）对众人讲话说：

The leadership of Osamah was subject to criticism. Because he was still too young, people tarried at joining his expedition. The Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) addressed people saying:

“难怪你现在反对他的领导地位，因为你之前已经反对过他父亲的前任领导地位了。是的，我指安拉发誓，他的父亲是我最爱的人之一，很有领导才能；而他这个儿子，在他父亲之后，也是我最爱的人之一。”

• “No wonder now you contest his leadership, for you have already contested the ex-leadership ofhis father. Yes, by Allâh, his father, who was one of the most beloved people to me, was quite efficient for leadership; and this son of his is one of the most beloved individuals to me after his father.”.

于是人们开始倾向于乌萨马，加入了他的军队。志愿参军的人如此之多，以至于排成了很长的队伍，队伍必须下到山崖之下——那地方距离麦地那有一帕拉桑（约五公里）。然而，关于安拉的使者患病的令人忧虑的消息，又使远征军停留下来，想要知道安拉对祂的使者作出了怎样的安排。ﷺ

So people started tending towards Osamah and joined his army. The number of volunteers in his army was so enormous that they formed such a long queue that they had to descend the escarpment — which was a parasang off Madinah. The anxiety-provoking news about the Messenger of Allâh’s sickness, however, made the expedition tarry again in order to know what Allâh had willed as regards His Messenger (Peace be upon him).

这是安拉的意志，乌萨麦的远征成为忠信的艾布·伯克尔哈里发时期派出的第一支远征队。

It was Allâh’s Will that Osamah’s expedition would be the first one dispatched during the caliphate of the veracious Abu Bakr.