战役巴德尔是穆斯林与古莱氏人之间的第一次武装交锋。事实上，这是一场决定性的战役，使穆斯林赢得了一场为所有阿拉伯人所公认的历史性胜利，并给多神教徒的宗教和经济利益以沉重打击。犹太人也同样把每一次伊斯兰的胜利视为对其宗教经济体系的沉重打击。自穆斯林取得这一伟大胜利以来，双方都怒火中烧： • “你必定会发现，在敌视信士们（穆斯林）方面，最强烈的是犹太教徒和以物配主者（多神教徒、异教徒、拜偶像者和不信道者等）。”[5:82]

he battle of Badr was the first armed encounter between the Muslims and Quraish. It was in fact a decisive battle that gained the Muslims a historic victory acknowledged by all the Arabs, and dealt a heavy blow to the religious and economic interests of the polytheists. There were also the Jews who also used to regard each . Islamic victory as a heavy blow to their religioeconomic entity. Both parties were burning with rage and fury since the Muslims had achieved that great victory: • “Verily, you will find the strongest among men in enmity to the believers (Muslims) the Jews and Al-Mushrikûn (polytheists, pagans, idolators and disbelievers, etc.).” [5:82].

双方心怀怨恨的一派，还有更为愤慨的一群追随者，即那些假装信奉伊斯兰、只为保全颜面的伪信士；其首领便是阿卜杜拉·本·乌拜伊及其随从。居住在麦地那附近帐篷中的沙漠贝都因人，以劫掠和抢夺为生，对信仰与不信这一根本问题全然漠不关心。他们所担忧的，是一个强大的新生穆斯林国家若崛起，便会终结这些不良行径，从而断绝他们的生计来源；因此他们对伊斯兰和穆斯林，尤其是穆罕默德ﷺ本人，心怀怨恨。

Both resentful parties had their much more indignant suite in the form of hypocrites who faked Islam just to save their faces; at the head of whom came ‘Abdullah bin Ubai and his retinue. The desert bedouins living in tents pitched in the vicinity of Madinah, who depended on plundering and looting as a means of living, were totally indifferent to this axial question of belief and disbelief. Their worry derived from fear of losing their perverted avenues of subsistence in case a powerful nascent Muslim state should rise up and put an end to such ill-practices, hence the grudge they nursed against Islam and the Muslims, in general, and the person of Muhammad (Peace be upon him) in particular.

因此,信仰的整体事业处于危急之中:四股怒气冲冲的势力各自以其方式设伏,与这一新宗教为敌。在麦地那境内,是假借伊斯兰之名、暗藏阴谋与挑衅行为的一派;犹太人则公然流露敌意,怒火中烧;而在麦加,则是公开且持续的复仇呼声,并明目张胆地企图动员一切可用的力量,以便永远压制伊斯兰的声音。此后,这些图谋演变为军事行动,即乌候德之役,这对穆斯林辛苦争取并力求维护的美好声誉与威望造成了极坏的影响。

The whole cause of Faith was thus at stake with four furious parties laying ambushes against the new religion, each in its style: Pretension to Islam embedded with conspiracy plots and provocative deeds within Madinah, explicitly uncovered animosity pregnant with indignation and fire of rage on the part of the Jews, and there in Makkah open and persistent calls for vengeance coupled with open intentions to mobilize all potential resources available to silence the voice of Islam once and for all. This was later translated into military action, Uhud Invasion, which left a very bad impression on the good name and esteem that the Muslims were painstakingly working to merit and preserve.

穆斯林始终有义务警惕任何敌对行动，并且必须在各个方向主动出击，以便在这片容易引发动荡的汪洋般的混乱之中获得合理程度的安全。以下是巴德尔战役之后所进行的军事行动的列表：

The Muslims were always obliged to be on the lookout for any hostile movements, and it was imperative on them to launch pre-emptive strikes in all directions in order to enjoy a reasonable degree of security in this great instability-provoking ocean of unrest. The following is a list of military activities conducted in the post-Badr era:

麦地那的侦察人员报告说，安塔法尼部落的白努·萨利姆正在集结军队，准备进攻穆斯林。先知ﷺ亲自主动行动，在他们自己的家园、一处名为古杜尔的水源地对他们发动了突袭。白努·萨利姆得到消息后，在先知ﷺ到达之前就已逃走。先知ﷺ在那里停留了三天，缴获了他们的五百头骆驼作为战利品，并在按惯例留出五分之一之后，将其分给战士们；每人获得两头骆驼。

The scouting body of Madinah reported that Banu Saleem of Ghatafan were engaged in mustering troops to invade the Muslims. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) took the initiative himself and mounted a surprise attack on them in their own homeland at a watering place called Al-Kudr. Banu Saleem, on receiving the news, had fled before he arrived. He stayed there for three days, took their 500 camels as booty and distributed them to the fighters after he had set aside the usual one-fifth; each one gained two camels.

这次远征发生在公元后（伊历）2年的沙瓦鲁月，即白德尔战役后的第七天。

This invasion took place in Shawwal in the year 2 A.H., seven days after the event of Badr.

badr战役的失利给麦加人带来了巨大的冲击，他们因惨重的损失而愤懑不已、怨恨满怀。为了化解这种局面，两名多神教徒自告奋勇，要平息他们的怒火，并消除这份屈辱的根源，即先知穆罕默德ﷺ。'Umair bin Wahab Al-Jumahi是一个凶恶的多神教徒，Safwan bin Omaiyah则是他的头号仇敌。两人私下坐在一起，哀叹他们的损失，追忆死去的同伴和被俘的人。'Umair热切地表示，如果不是因为他背负着沉重的债务，又有一大家子人要养活，他真想杀掉先知ﷺ，并把在麦地那被俘的儿子赎回来。Safwan同样有充分的理由希望先知ﷺ被杀，于是他提出，如果'Umair依计行事，他就替'Umair偿还债务，并供养他的家人。

The impact of defeat at Badr was so great that the Makkans began to burn with indignation and resentment over their horrible losses. To resolve this situation two polytheists volunteered to quench their thirst and muffle the source of that humiliation i.e. the Prophet (Peace be upon him). ‘Umair bin Wahab Al-Jumahi, a terrible polytheist, and an archenemy Safwan bin Omaiyah sat together privately lamenting their loss and remembering their dead and captives. ‘Umair expressed a fervent desire to kill the Prophet (Peace be upon him) and release his captured son in Madinah, if it was not for the yoke of debts he was under and the large family he had to support. Safwan, also had his good reasons to see the Prophet (Peace be upon him) killed, so he offered to discharge ‘Umair’s debts and support his family if he went on with his plan.

'Umair同意了，并请求Safwan对整个计划保密。他动身前往麦地那，身上带着一把涂有某种致命毒药的剑。'Umar bin Al-Khattab在清真寺门口看到他，便understood他是怀着恶意而来。他立即进入清真寺，向先知ﷺ报告。'Umair被允许进入，他剑带上挂着剑鞘的绳子缠绕着，他问候道："早上好。"先知ﷺ回答说，安拉对他们很慈悲，教给他们天堂居民的问候语："愿平安降临你！" 先知ﷺ问他来的目的，'Umair说他是来看看被俘的儿子是否受到了良好的对待。至于先知ﷺ问到的那把剑，他诅咒它，并说它对他们毫无益处。先知ﷺ督促他说出真正的目的，他却固执不言，没有透露与Safwan秘密会面的事。这时先知ﷺ失去了耐心，亲自向'Umair揭露了他的秘密任务。'Umair大吃一惊，难以置信的惊讶攫住了他，他随即作证穆罕默德ﷺ是安拉的使者。随后，他开始赞颂安拉，感谢祂引导他走上"正道"。先知ﷺ很欣慰，吩咐他的同伴们教导'Umair伊斯兰的基本原则，为他诵读高贵的《古兰经》，并释放他的儿子。

‘Umair agreed and asked Safwan to be reticent on the whole scheme. He left for Madinah, having with him a sword to which he applied some kind of lethal poison. ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab saw him at the door of the Mosque and understood that he had come with evil intentions. He immediately went into the Mosque and informed the Prophet (Peace be upon him). He was let in looped by the sling of his sword and in greeting he said “good morning”, to which the Prophet (Peace be upon him) replied that Allâh had been Gracious and taught them the greeting of the dwellers of the Paradise: “peace be upon you!” To a question raised by the Prophet (Peace be upon him), about his object, ‘Umair said that he had come to see that his captured son was well treated. As for the sword, which the Prophet (Peace be upon him) asked him about, he cursed it and said that it gained them nothing. On exhorting him to tell his real goal, he remained obdurate and did not divulge the secret meeting with Safwan. Here the Prophet (Peace be upon him) got impatient and he himself revealed to ‘Umair his secret mission. ‘Umair was taken by surprise, and incredible astonishment seized him, and immediately bore witness to the Messengership of Muhammad (Peace be upon him) He then began to entertain Allâh’s praise for having been guided to the ‘Straight Path’. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was pleased and asked his Companions to teach ‘Umair the principles of Islam, recite to him the Noble Qur’ân and release his son from captivity.

我们已经谈过先知(愿主福安之)与犹太人所签订的条约。他极其谨慎地严格遵守该条约,穆斯林对其中任何条款都没有表现出丝毫的违反。然而,犹太人的天性与背信、背叛和违约紧密相连,他们无法摆脱自身的这一传统,开始策划阴谋、挑起事端,企图在日益稳固的穆斯林阵营中制造分裂。以下是他们这种行为的一个典型例子:沙斯·本·盖斯是一位年迈的犹太人,是个十分恶劣的不信道者,也是一个极其嫉妒穆斯林的人。他经过一群来自奥斯和赫兹拉杰、追随先知穆罕默德(愿主福安之)的人身边时,发现他们之间洋溢着和解的精神,整个群体笼罩在融洽与友爱的氛围之中。这是一幅不寻常的景象,与他们伊斯兰之前那种充满敌意和仇恨的行为截然相悖。于是他派遣自己的一名年轻人去坐在他们中间,提醒他们之间的布阿斯战争,并诵读他们过去相互讽刺时所作的一些诗句。他这样做的目的,是要播下纷争与分歧的种子,破坏这种新的、以伊斯兰为导向的部落间关系。这名年轻人果然得逞,双方一度忘却了过去,而蒙昧时期的部落狂热重新涌现出来,险些引发战争。

We have already spoken about the treaty that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) signed with the Jews. He was very careful to abide by it to the letter and the Muslims did not show the least violation of any of its provisions. The Jews, however, whose natural disposition is closely linked to treachery, betrayal and covenant-breaching, could not rid themselves of the tradition of theirs, and started a process of intrigues and troublemaking with the aim of producing schism in the growing solid Muslim ranks. Here is a relevant model of their behaviour: Shas bin Qais, an elderly Jew, a terrible disbeliever and a greatly envious man of the Muslims, passed by a group of Muhammad (Peace be upon him) followers of Aws and Khazraj. He perceived a prevalent spirit of reconciliation and an atmosphere of rapport and amity enveloping the whole group; an unusual scene categorically in conflict with the animosity and hatred that characterized their pre-Islam behaviour. He, therefore, sent a youth of his to sit among them, remind them of Bu‘ath war between them and recite some of their verses which they used to compose satirizing each other; all of this with the intention of sowing the seeds of discord and disagreement and undermining the new Islamically-orientated inter-tribal relations. The youth did in fact succeed and the two parties at no time recalled the old days and pre-Islam tribal fanaticism sprang to the front to bring about a state of war.

先知(愿主福安之)得知此事后,立即率领一些迁士前去处理局势。他开始责备他们,语气却是伟大导师的方式、宽容的心怀与明智向导的温和:“穆斯林们啊!在我已经被派遣到你们中间之后,你们还要提起蒙昧时代的争端吗?你们要记住,在安拉已经引导你们走上正道、使你们脱离迷误、并使你们之间结成友爱之后,你们又转身回到从前是不应该的。”穆斯林们很快就意识到,这是撒旦的妄念,是敌人策划的阴谋。他们随即相互拥抱,心满意足、完全顺从安拉的使者(愿主福安之)地回到了家中。

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was reported of this account, and immediately, at the head of some Emigrants, set out to see to the situation. He began to rebuke them but in the manner of the great instructor and the tolerant spirit of the understanding guide: “O, Muslims! Do you still advance pre-Islamic arguments after I have been sent to you (as a Messenger). Remember that it is not rightful for you to turn backward after Allâh has guided you to the Straight Path, delivered you from disbelief and created amity between you.” The Muslims readily realized that it was a Satanic whim and a plot hatched by the enemies. They directly embraced each other and went back home quite satisfied and in full obedience to the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him).

眼见安拉使信士们获胜，并赐予他们明显的胜利，又察觉穆斯林在麦地那的威望日益强盛，犹太人再也按捺不住，也无法掩饰心中的愤懑。他们开始公开实施一系列挑衅和有害的行为。其中最为恶劣的，是住在麦地那以其族名命名的街区中的banu Qainuqa‘部落。至于职业，他们从事金银首饰加工、铁匠和制作家用器具的工艺，因此大量的战争武器就储藏在他们的家中。他们有七百名战士，是阿拉伯半岛犹太社群中最为大胆的一支，如今也率先违背了他们此前与先知ﷺ共同签订的互助互不侵犯的盟约。他们的行为越发无礼，已令人难以忍受。他们开始制造事端，嘲讽穆斯林，伤害光顾他们集市的人，甚至威胁穆斯林的妇女。这些事情使整体局势日趋恶化，于是先知ﷺ召集他们集会，训诫他们，呼吁他们保持理智、明辨是非、遵循正道，并警告他们不要再继续越界。然而他们依旧顽固不化，对他的警告置若罔闻，并说道：“不要因为战胜了几个不熟悉战争之道的古莱氏人而沾沾自喜。如果你们与我们交战，你们就会明白我们才是真正的战争行家。”

Seeing that Allâh sided with the believers and granted them a manifest victory and perceiving the Muslims’ awesome presence in Madinah, the Jews could no longer contain themselves or conceal indignation. They started a series of provocative and harmful deeds publicly. The most wicked amongst them were the tribe of Banu Qainuqa‘, who lived in quarters within Madinah named after them. As for jobs, they took up goldsmithery, blacksmithing and crafts of making household instruments, that is why war weaponry was available in large quantities in their houses. They counted 700 warriors, and were the most daring amongst the Jewish community in Arabia, and now the first to breach the covenant of cooperation and non-aggression which they had already countersigned with the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Their behaviour grew too impolite and unbearable. They started a process of trouble-making, jeering at the Muslims, hurting those who frequented their bazaars, and even intimidating their women. Such things began to aggravate the general situation, so the Prophet(Peace be upon him) gathered them in assemblage, admonished and called them to be rational, sensible and guided and cautioned against further transgression. Nevertheless they remained obdurate and paid no heed to his warning, and said: “Don’t be deluded on account of defeating some Quraishites inexperienced in the art of war. If you were to engage us in fight, you will realize that we are genuine war experts.”.

有关此事,安拉的经文被降示,经文说:

In this regard, the Words of Allâh were revealed saying:

•“你说（［穆罕默德］ﷺ），对那些不信道的人说：‘你们将被战败，并被驱集到火狱，那是最恶劣的归宿。’ 在那相遇的两军中，已经有一个迹象给你们（犹太人）：一军在为真主而战，另一军则是不信道者。他们（信士）亲眼看见敌人的人数是自己的两倍（其实敌人是他们的三倍）。真主以他的胜利扶助他所意欲的人。确实，这里面有给有见识者的教训。”［3:12,13］

• “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him) ] to those who disbelieve: ‘You will be defeated and gathered together to Hell, and worst indeed is that place to rest.’ There has already been a Sign for you (O Jews) in the two armies that met (in combat — i.e. the battle of Badr): One was fighting in the cause of Allâh, and as for the other (they) were disbelievers. They (the believers) saw them (the disbelievers) with their own eyes twice their number (although they were thrice their number). And Allâh supports with His Victory whom He pleases. Verily, in this is a lesson for those who understand.” [3:12,13].

两股敌对行动在针对先知(愿主赐他平安)的同时各自独立进行:一方面是萨夫万·本·欧麦叶、伪信士和犹太人策划的阴谋与诡计;另一方面则是艾布·苏福扬准备的军事敌对行动,其目的在于挽回本族的颜面,并向其他阿拉伯人表明古莱什仍是一支不可小觑的军事力量。 在白德尔战役之后,艾布·苏福扬怀着复仇的怒火,郑重立誓:除非为自己报仇,向穆罕默德ﷺ及其追随者雪恨,否则他绝不沐浴洗去污秽。他率领二百人朝麦地那进发,但没有勇气在光天化日之下发动进攻,于是转而采取只在暗夜中进行的劫掠行径。他潜入先知ﷺ的城镇,去拜见旧日的盟友胡耶·本·阿赫塔卜,但胡耶过于懦弱,不肯接纳他,于是他又去找犹太部落奈迪尔族的首领萨拉姆·本·马什卡姆。这位犹太人款待了他,并向他full详细讲述了城中的局势。 深夜,他派出一队人马袭击麦地那近郊的欧莱德。他们在那里砍倒并焚烧了棕榈树,杀死两名穆斯林,随即迅速逃遁。先知ﷺ得知消息后,集合部众,紧追其后,但未能追上。穆斯林们带回了多神教徒为减轻负担、加速逃跑而丢弃的干粮(萨维格,一种大麦粥)。因此,此次远征被称为"萨维格远征"。它发生在伊斯兰历2年都尔-希贾月,即白德尔战役之后两个月。

Two-pronged hostile activities were being independently conducted against the Prophet (Peace be upon him) ; plots and intrigues being hatched by Safwan bin Omaiyah, the hypocrites and Jews on the one hand, going on and on parallel lines with military hostilities being prepared by Abu Sufyan aiming at saving the face of his people and impressing on the other Arabs that Quraish was still a military power to be counted for. In the aftermath of Badr, Abu Sufyan was burning for revenge and took a solemn vow he would never bathe off impurity unless he had avenged himself on Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his followers. He set out at the head of 200 men towards Madinah but was not brave enough to attack it in broad daylight. He, instead resorted to acts of piracy that are performed in the dark. He infiltrated into the Prophet ’s town and went to see an old ally Huyai bin Akhtab, who was too cowardly to let him in, so he left for Salam bin Mashkam, chief of Bani Nadeer, a tribe of Jews. The Jew entertained and gave him a full account of the situation therein. Late at night he despatched a group of his men to raid Al-‘Uraid, a suburb of Madinah. There, the men felled and burnt the palm trees, killed two Muslims and then took swiftly to their heels. On hearing the news, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) gathered his men and set out at their heels, but could not catch them. The Muslims brought back the provisions (Sawiq, a kind of barley porridge) which the polytheists had thrown aside in order to lighten their loads and hasten their escape; hence this campaign was called As-Sawiq Invasion. It took place in Dhul-Hijjah 2 A.H., two months after the event of Badr.

先知的情报人员报告说,Banu Tha‘labah 和 Banu Muhârib 正在集结部队,企图袭击麦地那郊外。先知ﷺ率领450名骑兵和步兵出发,以应对这一新情况。奥斯曼·本·阿凡被委托处理麦地那穆斯林的事务。途中,他们俘获了一名皈依伊斯兰教的男子,此人为军队充当向导。敌人得知穆斯林军队逼近的消息后,慌忙散入山中,不见踪影。穆斯林在一个名为“Dhi Amr”的水源地扎营,整个伊历3年萨法月都在那里停留。先知ﷺ的目的是让该地区的沙漠贝都因人明白,穆斯林此时已足够强大,足以使敌人心生畏惧。

The Prophet ’s intelligence personnel reported that Banu Tha‘labah and Banu Muhârib were mustering troops with the aim of raiding the outskirts of Madinah. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) at the head of 450 horsemen and footmen set out to handle this new situation. ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan was asked to dispose the affairs of the Muslims in Madinah. On their way, they captured a man who embraced Islam and acted as a guide for the army. When the enemies heard of the approach of the Muslims, they hurriedly dispersed in the mountains and disappeared. The Muslims encamped at a watering place called “Dhi Amr” for the whole of Safar 3 A.H. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) aimed to impress upon the desert bedouins in the area, that the Muslims were then powerful enough to cast fear and awe into the hearts of their enemies.

卡布·本·艾什拉夫是对伊斯兰教和穆斯林怨恨最深的犹太人，也是最热衷于伤害安拉的使者ﷺ、最积极鼓动对他发动战争的人。他属于泰伊部落，但他的母亲出自奈迪尔部族。他是一位富有的人，以英俊著称，也是一位诗人，住在麦地那东南方奈迪尔部族居所后方的一座堡垒中，过着奢华的生活。

Ka‘b bin Al-Ashraf was the most resentful Jew at Islam and the Muslims, the keenest on inflicting harm on the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and the most zealous advocate of waging war against him. He belonged to Tai’ tribe but his mother to Banu Nadeer. He was a wealthy man known for his handsomeness, and a poet living in luxury in his fort south east of Madinah at the rear of Banu Nadeer’s habitations.

听到白德尔战役的消息后,他异常懊恼,发誓如果消息属实,他宁愿死也不愿活着。当消息被证实后,他创作诗歌讽刺穆罕默德ﷺ,赞美古莱氏人,并煽动他们反对先知ﷺ。随后他骑马前往麦加,在那里开始煽动战火,挑起对麦地那穆斯林的怨恨。当艾卜·苏福扬问他更倾向于哪种宗教,是麦加人的宗教,还是穆罕默德ﷺ及其同伴的宗教时,他回答说,多神教徒更有正道。关于这一情况,安拉降示了祂的经文:

On hearing the news of Badr, he got terribly exasperated and swore that he would prefer death to life if the news was true. When this was confirmed he wrote poems satirizing Muhammad (Peace be upon him), eulogizing Quraish and enticing them against the Prophet (Peace be upon him). He then rode to Makkah where he started to trigger the fire of war, and kindle rancour against the Muslims in Madinah. When Abu Sufyan asked him which religion he was more inclined to, the religion of the Makkans or that of Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and his companions, he replied that the pagans were better guided. Wrespect to this situation, Allâh revealed His Words:

“难道你没有看见那些被赐予部分经典的人吗？他们信仰偶像（Jibt）和邪恶的偶像（Taghût），并对不信道者说，他们比信道者（穆斯林）在道路上更加正确。”[4:51]

•“Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They believe in Jibt and Taghût, and say to the disbelievers that they are better guided as regards the way than the believers (Muslims).” [4:51].

然后他返回麦地那,开始新一轮的诽谤宣传,内容是淫秽的歌谣和艳情诗,意在败坏穆斯林妇女的名誉。到了这一步,局势已无法忍受,不能再容忍下去了。先知ﷺ召集了他的部下,说:“谁去杀掉Ka‘b bin Al-Ashraf?他诋毁了安拉和祂的使者。”于是,Muhammad bin Maslamah、‘Abbad bin Bishr、Al-Harith bin Aws、Abu ‘Abs bin Hibr以及Ka‘b的养兄弟Salkan bin Salamah自愿承担这项任务。Muhammad bin Maslamah说:“安拉的使者啊,您是否希望我去杀他?”他说:“是的。”他说:“请允许我与他交谈(按我认为合适的方式)。”他说:“你随意去谈吧。”于是,Muhammad bin Maslamah来到Ka‘b那里与他交谈,说:“这个人(即先知ﷺ)已经决定向我们征收天课,这给我们带来了极大的困扰。”Ka‘b听后说:“以安拉起誓,你们将因他而遭受更多的麻烦。”Muhammad bin Maslamah回答:“没错,现在我们已经追随了他,我们不愿意离弃他,直到看清他的事情会如何发展。我想请你借给我一笔钱。”他说:“你要用什么抵押?”Muhammad回答:“你想要什么?”这个品行卑劣、毫无怜悯之心的犹太人要求以妇女和儿童作为债务的抵押品。Muhammad说:“我们怎能把妇女抵押给你,而你是阿拉伯人中最英俊的人呢?我们的儿子也可能被人辱骂,说他是为两瓦斯克(重量单位)的枣子而被抵押的。我们可以把武器抵押给你。”Ka‘b同意了。过了一段时间,Salkan bin Salamah,即Abu Na’ilah,为同样的目的再次去见Ka‘b,谈的内容大体相同,只是Abu Na’ilah会带上几个同伴。计划成功了,既有人也有武器到场。这发生在伊历3年Rabi‘ Al-Awwal月14日的夜晚。 人们向先知ﷺ告别,奉安拉之名出发,去执行周密制定的计划。先知ﷺ留在后方为他们祈祷,并向安拉祈求使他们成功。这些人于夜间前去拜访他。他下楼来见他们,尽管他的妻子警告他不要见他们,并声称:“我听到一个声音,听起来像是谋杀的声音。”他说:“那只是穆罕默德·本·麦斯莱迈和我的奶兄阿布·纳伊莱。一个绅士在夜间被召唤时,即使被长矛刺穿,也应当应答这一召唤。”阿布·纳伊莱对同伴们说:“他下楼时,我会伸手去摸他的头,闻一闻,等我把他牢牢抓住,你们就动手。”于是,他下楼时,他们一起交谈了大约一个小时。之后,他们邀请他出去,在月光下享受美好的时光。在出去的路上,阿布·纳伊莱说:“我闻到你身上有最好的香味。”卡布说:“是的,我身边有一位情人,她是阿拉伯半岛最香的女人。”阿布·纳伊莱又说:“让我闻一闻(你头上的香味)吧。”他说:“好,你可以闻。”于是阿布·纳伊莱抓住他的头并闻了闻。然后他说:“再让我闻一次。”接着他牢牢抓住他的头,对同伴们说:“动手吧。”他们便杀死了他。这群人完成任务后返回。其中一人哈里思·本·奥斯在行动中被同伴的剑误伤,伤口流血不止。当他们到达白格尔格德墓地时,高声呼喊:“安拉至大!”先知ﷺ听到呼声,便知道他们已经杀死了安拉的敌人。他们见到他时,他说:“愿你们面带喜色。”他们回答说:“也愿您如此,安拉的使者啊。”他们把暴君的头颅交给他。他赞颂安拉使他们成功。随后,他把唾液涂在哈里思的伤口上,伤口当即痊愈。

在伊历第3年的白伊·萨尼月，先知（愿主福安之）率领三百名战士前往弗鲁阿地区的布赫兰。他在那里停留至伊历第3年的贾马达·乌拉月。此次巡逻远征过程中没有发生战斗。

In Rabi‘ Ath-Thani, the year 3 A.H. the Prophet (Peace be upon him) led a campaign comprising 300 warriors to Buhran in the area of Al-Furu‘. He stayed there till Jumada Al-Ula, 3 A.H. No fighting took place in the process of this patrolling invasion.

这是乌侯德战役之前最成功的一次远征。它发生在公元前三年（回历）的Jumada Ath-Thaniyah月。 Note: I kept the date and transliterations as given; correction: the original says "the year 3 A.H." which should read 回历三年. Final: 这是乌侯德战役之前最成功的一次远征。它发生在回历三年的Jumada Ath-Thaniyah月。

This was the most successful campaign prior to Uhud Battle. It took place in Jumada Ath-Thaniyah, the year 3 A.H.

夏天即将到来，麦加的贸易商队出发前往叙利亚的时候到了。古莱氏人的生计主要依赖商业经济，即夏季前往叙利亚、冬季前往阿比西尼亚（埃塞俄比亚）的商队贸易。如今，他们却感到茫然：究竟该走哪条路线，才能避开穆斯林给多神教徒造成的沉重打击。

Summer approached and it was high time for the Makkan trade caravans to leave for Syria. The people of Quraish whose lives depended mainly on a mercantile economy consisting of summer caravans to Syria and winter caravans to Abyssinia (Ethiopia), were now at a loss as to what route they would have to follow in order to avoid the backbreaking military strikes that the Muslims successfully inflicted on the polytheists.

他们召开会议，商讨摆脱经济封锁的可能途径，最终决定沿穿越纳杰德的商路前往伊拉克。弗拉特·本·海延被任命为商队的向导。萨夫旺·本·欧麦耶率领商队走上这条新路线。 会议的消息在醉酒之下由奈尔敏·本·麦斯欧德·阿什贾尔伊泄露出去，并经由苏莱特·本·努尔曼迅速传到麦地那。先知ﷺ立即集结了一百名骑兵，由栽德·本·哈里萨·卡尔毕率领，派遣他们去拦截并俘获这支商队。他们在一个名叫盖尔达的地方追上了驼队。他们出其不意地袭击了多神教徒，逮捕了他们的向导和另外两人。萨夫旺及其护卫则逃走了，没有做出丝毫抵抗。商队运载的白银和货物价值十万迪尔汗。在留出五分之一归先知ﷺ之后，战利品被分配给穆斯林战士。弗拉特·本·海延出于自己的真心和自由意愿皈依了伊斯兰教。

They held a meeting to discuss the chances of escaping the economic blockade and decided to go along a trade route across Najd to Iraq. Furat bin Haiyan was appointed as a guide for the caravan. Safwan bin Omaiyah led the caravan along the new route. News of the meeting leaked out through Na‘im bin Mas‘ud Al-Ashja‘i under the effect of wine, and it flew fast to Madinah by Sulit bin An-Nu‘man. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) immediately mustered 100 horsemen under the leadership of Zaid bin Harithah Al-Kalbi and despatched them to intercept and capture the caravan. They caught up with the camels at a place called Al-Qardah. They took the polytheists by surprise and arrested their guide and two other men. Safwan and his guards fled away without showing the least resistance. The caravan was carrying silver and wares whose value amounted to 100 thousand dirhams. The booty was distributed among the Muslim warriors after one-fifth had been set aside for the Prophet (Peace be upon him). Furat bin Haiyan embraced Islam out of his own sweet free will.

由于这一事件,穆斯林挫败了古莱什人寻找新商路的计划。对麦加的经济封锁因此得以巩固,并对麦加的商业经济产生了巨大影响。麦加人极为焦虑和忧心,他们的生计受到威胁,商业生活看不到任何恢复的希望,社会政治层面的昔日声望也难以挽回,只剩下两条截然相反的出路:一是放下一切傲慢的象征和骄横的态度,与新的现状和解,并与穆斯林和平相处;二是发动一场决定性的、压倒性的战争,以摧毁麦地那的军事力量。从事态的发展过程看,古莱什人显然选择了第二条路。麦加到处都能听到要求立即复仇、迅速采取报复行动的呼声。各个层面的这些动向,构成了乌侯德战役的直接前奏。

As a result of this episode, the Muslims foiled Quraish’s plans to find a new trade route. The economic siege laid to Makkah was thus consolidated and had a great impact on the mercantile economy of Makkah. The Makkans were terribly anxious and worried about their prospects of life now at stake with no hope whatsoever for any possible rehabilitation of commercial life or redemption of former prestige at the socio-political level except through two avenues categorically contrasting: Relinquishing all symbols of arrogance and all attitudes of haughtiness through reconciliation with the new status quo, and peaceableness with the Muslims; or launching a decisive overwhelming war with the aim of crushing down the military forces of Madinah. It was apparent through the process of events that Quraish had opted for the second alternative. Loud cries were being heard everywhere in Makkah demanding immediate vengeance and quick retaliatory action. These movements on all levels constituted the direct preliminaries to the battle of Uhud.