侯代比亚和约标志着伊斯兰行动与穆斯林生活进入新的阶段。古莱氏部落作为伊斯兰的顽固敌人,如今退出了战场,转而与穆斯林达成和平协议。于是,三方敌对势力(古莱氏、加塔方部落与犹太人)的第三方支柱瓦解了。作为阿拉伯半岛异教的旗手,古莱氏的退出使其他异教徒对伊斯兰的敌意大为消减。加塔方部落不再构成任何显著威胁,其挑衅行为主要是由犹太人煽动的。犹太人被逐出麦地那后,转往海拜尔,将其变成了针对先知ﷺ的阴谋温床。他们在那里策划阴谋、挑起纷争,并诱使麦地那周边的阿拉伯人加入,意图消灭这个新生的伊斯兰国家,或至少给穆斯林造成沉重损失。先知ﷺ并未忽视他们的恶毒图谋,在上述条约签订后不久,便将与他们进行决定性的战争列为首要议程。侯代比亚和约使穆斯林得以加强其伊斯兰事业,加倍努力传播其宣教(Da‘wah),从而使这类活动优先于军事行动。因此,我们认为有必要将这一签约后的阶段分为两个部分。

Al-Hudaibiyah Truce marked a new phase in the process of Islamic action and life of the Muslims. Quraish, a bitter enemy of Islam, now withdraws from the war arena and embraces a peaceful settlement with the Muslims, thus the third support of a tripartite enemy (Quraish, Ghatfan and the Jews) is broken, and being the holder of the banner of paganism in Arabia, the other pagans’ aggressive feelings towards Islam considerably subsided. Ghatfan Tribe no longer constituted any remarkable threat, and their provocative deeds were mainly Jewish-instigated actions. The Jews, after being banished from Madinah, resorted to Khaibar to change it into a hot bed of intrigues against the Prophet (Peace be upon him). There, they used to hatch their plots, ignite the fire of dissension and allure the Arabs living in the vicinity of Madinah to join them with the aim of exterminating the new Islamic state, or at least inflict heavy losses on the Muslims. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), not heedless of their devilish schemes, placed a decisive war with them as a first priority on his agenda shortly after the endorsement of the above-mentioned treaty. The treaty of Hudaibiyah allowed the Muslims to intensify their Islamic career and double up their ceaseless efforts in propagating their Da‘wah, and consequently give this sort of action preponderance over the military activities. Hence, we deem it imperative to divide this post-treaty stage into two sections:

1. 持续不断的和平努力，致力于传播伊斯兰的宣教（Da‘wah），并与邻近政治实体的国王和王子们开展一种通信往来。

1. Ceaseless peaceful efforts in propagating the Islamic Da‘wah (Call) and initiating a sort of correspondence with kings and princes of the neighbouring political entities.

2. 军事活动。

2. Military activities.

在六年后期，先知从侯代毕返回时，决定致信阿拉伯半岛以外的各国君主，召唤他们归信伊斯兰。为了证明使者所持国书的真实性，人们制作了一枚银印，印上刻有“穆罕默德，安拉的使者”字样，排列形式如下：

Late in the six year A.H., on his return from Hudaibiyah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) decided to send messages to the kings beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the credentials of his envoys, a silver seal was made in which were graven the words: “Muhammad the Messenger of Allâh” in the following formation:

محمد.

محمد.

رســول.

رســول.

االله.

االله.

在第七年穆哈兰月，即公元七年，使者们根据其经验和学识被选派，并在前往海巴尔的几天前出发执行任务。 Wait—the system asks for "A.H." handled as in source; I should keep faithful. Corrected version: 在伊历第七年穆哈兰月，使者们根据其经验和学识被选派，并在动身前往海巴尔的几天前出发执行任务。

Envoys were chosen on the basis of their experience and knowledge, and sent on their errands in Muharram in the year 7 A.H., a few days before heading for Khaibar.

negus，阿比西尼亚（埃塞俄比亚）国王，名叫阿沙玛·本·阿布贾尔，收到了先知ﷺ的信件，该信由阿慕尔·本·乌迈叶·阿德-达姆里派遣，泰伯里提到过此事，时间或是希吉拉历六年末，或是七年初。仔细考察这封信的内容可以看出，它并不是在侯代比亚事件之后所发出的那封。信文的措辞反而表明，它是在麦加时期，贾法尔及其同伴迁往阿比西尼亚（埃塞俄比亚）时，发给该国王的。信中的一句话是这样写的："我已派遣我的堂兄贾法尔，携一群穆斯林前往你处。请善待他们，并放下傲慢。"

Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), his name was Ashama bin Al-Abjar, received the Prophet’s message, despatched by Amr bin Omaiyah Ad-Damari, which At-Tabari referred to, either late in the sixth year or early in the seventh year A.H. Deep scrutiny into the letter shows that it was not the one sent after Al-Hudaibiyah event. Wording of the letter rather indicates that it was sent to that king when Ja‘far and his companions emigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) during the Makkan period. One of its sentences read “I have despatched my cousin, Ja‘far with a group of Muslims, to you. Do be generous towards them and give up haughtiness.”.

以下是拜合alt Ibn Ishaq 的传述，内容为先知致尼加什（Negus）的信件，由 Al-Baihaqi 记载： Correction: the name "Al-Baihaqi" should remain as in the original, so the translation is: Al-Baihaqi，以伊本·易沙格（Ibn Ishaq）的传述为据，记载了先知ﷺ致尼加什（Negus）信件的内容：

Al-Baihaqi, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, gave the following narration of the Prophet’s letter sent to Negus:

这封信是由先知穆罕默德ﷺ写给阿比西尼亚（埃塞俄比亚）国王奈加希（Negus Al-Ashama）的。愿平安归于遵循正道、信仰安拉及其使者的人。我作证：除安拉外别无应受崇拜者，祂独一无偶，未娶妻，也没有儿子；穆罕默德ﷺ是祂的仆人和使者。我召唤你归入伊斯兰的大家庭；如果你皈依伊斯兰，你将获得平安。

“This letter is sent from Muhammad, the Prophet to Negus Al-Ashama, the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Peace be upon him who follows true guidance and believes in Allâh and His Messenger. I bear witness that there is no god but Allâh Alone with no associate, He has taken neither a wife nor a son, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I call you unto the fold of Islam; if you embrace Islam, you will find safety.

• “{说：‘有经典的人啊！你们当来遵守我们和你们之间共同的话：除安拉外，我们不崇拜任何人，也不以任何物与他并列，我们之中也不以彼此为主宰，舍安拉而外。’如果他们背弃，你们就说：‘你们应当作证，我们是顺服的人。’}”[3:64]如果你们拒绝这一邀请，那么你们将为你们族人中基督徒的一切罪恶承担责任。

• “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64] Should you reject this invitation, then you will be held responsible for all the evils of the Christians of your people.”.

哈米杜拉博士（巴黎）是一位可靠的考证学者，他提出了一份最近才公开的信件版本，其内容与伊本·盖伊姆的记载完全一致。哈米杜拉博士付出了细致的努力，并运用了现代科技的各种手段来核实这封信的文本，其内容如下：

Dr. Hameedullah (Paris), a reliable verifier, has adduced a version of the above letter disclosed only a short time ago and identical to Ibn Al-Qaiyim’s narration. Dr. Hameedullah exerted painstaking effort and used all means of modern technology to verify the text of the letter, which reads as follows:

先知ﷺ写信给埃及和亚历山大的总督朱莱吉·本·马塔，人称穆格瓦基斯，信中说：

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) wrote to Juraij bin Matta, called Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt and Alexandria saying:

以至仁至慈的安拉之名。

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

来自穆罕默德，安拉及其使者的仆人，致埃及总督穆卡武加斯。愿平安降临于遵循正道者。此后，我邀请你接受伊斯兰教。因此，如果你想获得安全，就请接受伊斯兰教。如果你接受伊斯兰教，至高无上的安拉将双倍地赏赐你。但如果你拒绝，你将承担所有科普特人的罪过。 • “你说：‘（穆罕默德ﷺ）啊，有经的人们（犹太教徒和基督教徒）！你们应当遵守我们和你们之间公平的约言：我们只崇拜安拉，不以任何物配他，我们之中也不以彼此为主宰，舍安拉而外。’如果他们背弃，你们就说：‘你们应当作证，我们是归顺的人。’”（3:64）

From Muhammad slave of Allâh and His Messenger to Muqawqas, vicegerent of Egypt. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Thereafter, I invite you to accept Islam. Therefore, if you want security, accept Islam. If you accept Islam, Allâh, the Sublime, shall reward you doubly. But if you refuse to do so, you will bear the burden of the transgression of all the Copts. • “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64].

哈提卜·本·艾比·巴勒泰阿被选为传达讯息之人，他在转达信件内容之前，请求会见穆盖ওকাস。他对埃及的总督说："在你之前，曾有一个人自认为拥有至高主的地位，所以真主惩罚了他，使他在后世和今世都成为鉴戒。因此，你们当引以为戒，切勿为他人树立恶劣的榜样。"穆盖ওকাস回答说："除非换取更好的宗教，否则我们无权放弃自己的信仰。"哈提卜接着说："我们邀请你皈依伊斯兰教，它将使你们所失去的一切都得到补偿。我们的先知ﷺ曾召唤人们信奉此教，古莱氏人和犹太人与他为敌，恶意相向，而基督徒则最接近他的召唤。以我的生命起誓，摩西关于基督的预言与基督关于穆罕默德降临的喜讯如出一辙；同样，我们邀请你皈依伊斯兰教，也如同你们邀请托拉的信众接受新约一样。一个先知在某个民族中兴起，就应当得到积极的回应，因此你们也同样受制于这一天启的律法。请谨记，我们并非来劝阻你们遵从基督的宗教，而是要你们坚守它的教义。"穆盖ওকাস深入思索信件的内容，然后说："我已确信，这位先知并不命令任何可憎之事；他既不是迷途的术士，也不是说谎的占卜者。他身上带有先知身份的明显迹象，因此我将深入考虑此事。"他接过羊皮纸，下令将其收藏于一只象牙匣中。随后，他召来一位书记，用阿拉伯语写下以下回信。

Hatib bin Abi Balta‘a, who was chosen to communicate the message, requested an audience with Muqawqas before imparting the contents of the letter. He addressed Egypt’s vicegerent saying: “There used to be someone before you who had arrogated the status of the Supreme Lord, so Allâh puhim and made an example of him in the Hereafter, and in this life; therefore, take warning and never set a bad example to others.” Muqawqas answered: “We are in no position to relinquish our religion except for a better one.” Hatib resumed: “We invite you to embrace Islam, which will suffice you all what you may lose. Our Prophet has called people to profess this Faith, Quraish and the Jews stood against him as bitter enemies, whereas Christians stood closest to his Call. Upon my life, Moses’s news about Christ is identical to the latter’s good tidings about the advent of Muhammad; likewise, this invitation of ours to you to embrace Islam is similar to your invitation to the people of Torah to accept the New Testament. Once a Prophet rises in a nation, he is eligible for positive response, hence you are subject to the same Divine Law. Bear in mind that we have not come to dissuade you from religion of Christ but rather bidding you to adhere to its tenets.” Muqawqas meditated over the contents of the letter deeply and said: “I have come to the conviction that this Prophet bids nothing abominable; he is neither a straying magician nor a lying soothsayer. He bears the true manifest seeds of Prophethood, and so I will consider the affair deeply.” He took the parchment and ordered that it be kept in an ivory casket. He called a scribe to write the following reply in Arabic:

以仁慈至仁的安拉之名。 穆罕默德ﷺ，安拉的使者，致波斯国王霍斯鲁（Chosroes）：

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful, From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh to Chosroes, king of Persia.

"愿平安降临于遵循正道、信仰真主及其使者，并作证除真主外别无应受崇拜者、真主独一无偶、穆罕默德是真主的仆人和使者的人。我邀请你们接受真主的宗教。我是真主派往全人类的使者，目的是使每一个活着的人都心怀对真主的敬畏，并使那些拒绝真理的人无可推脱。你们当接受伊斯兰作为你们的宗教，这样你们便能安享平安；否则，你们将为所有拜火者的罪过承担责任。"ﷺ

Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in Allâh and His Messenger and testifies that there is no god but Allâh Alone with no associate, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I invite you to accept the religion of Allâh. I am the Messenger of Allâh sent to all people in order that I may infuse fear of Allâh in every living person, and that the charge may be proved against those who reject the Truth. Accept Islam as your religion so that you may live in security, otherwise, you will be responsible for all the sins of the Magians.”.

‘Abdullah bin Hudhafa As-Sahmi 被选中携带这封信。此位使者将信带给了巴林的国王，但我们尚不清楚后者是派他的一名手下将信送给科斯洛斯（Chosroes），还是亲自选中了‘Abdullah。

‘Abdullah bin Hudhafa As-Sahmi was chosen to carry the letter. This envoy carried it to the king of Bahrain but we do not know as yet if the latter despatched to Chosroes by one of his men or chose ‘Abdullah himself.

骄傲的君主因信件的措辞而大怒,因为先知(愿主赐他平安)的名字被写在了他自己名字之上。他将信撕成碎片,随即口授命令给他在也门的总督,派遣几名士兵去逮捕先知ﷺ并将他带到自己面前。总督名叫巴赞,他立即为此目的派了两人前往麦地那。 这两人一到麦地那,先知ﷺ便通过神圣启示得知,波斯皇帝科斯鲁·帕维兹已被其子杀害。先知ﷺ将这一消息告诉了他们,他们大为震惊。先知ﷺ还补充说,让他们转告新君主,伊斯兰教必将在各处盛行,并超越科斯鲁本人的统治。两人匆忙返回巴赞处,将所听到的消息告诉了他。 与此同时,新君主舍尔韦致信巴赞,证实了这一消息,并吩咐他在另行通知之前,停止对先知ﷺ采取任何行动。巴赞与也门的波斯人一同皈依了伊斯兰教,并欣然表示归信先知ﷺ。

The proud monarch was enraged by the style of the letter as the name of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had been put above his own name. He tore the letter into shreds and forthwith dictated a command to his viceroy in Yemen to send a couple of troopers to arrest the Prophet and bring him to his presence. The governor, Bazan by name, immediately sent two men to Madinah for the purpose. As soon as the men reached Madinah, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was informed by a Divine Revelation that Pervez, the emperor of Persia, had been murdered by his son. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) disclosed to them the news and they were stunned. He added asking them to tell their new monarch that Islam would prevail everywhere and outstrip the sovereignty of Chosroes himself. They hurried back to Bazan and communicated to him what they heard. Meanwhile, Sherweh, the new monarch sent a letter to Bazan confirming the news and bidding him to stop any procedures as regards the Prophet till further notice. Bazan, together with the Persians in Yemen, went into the folds of Islam, and gladly signified his adhesion to the Prophet.

布哈里详细转述了先知（愿主福安之）致拜占庭国王赫拉克略的信件内容： Note: the English "(Peace be upon him)" is a written-out honorific, so per the rules it becomes 愿主福安之 rather than ﷺ, while the Prophet's mention still gets ﷺ once after it. Corrected final version: 布哈里详细转述了先知穆罕默德ﷺ致拜占庭国王赫拉克略的信件内容。

Al-Bukhari gave a long narration of the contents of the letter sent by the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to Hercules, king of the Byzantines:

以至仁至慈的安拉之名。

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

从安拉的仆人和使者穆罕默德ﷺ致拜占庭国王赫拉克略：愿蒙受正道的人得享平安。我邀请你皈依伊斯兰，如此你便能获得安宁。若你归入伊斯兰的怀抱，安拉将赐你双倍的报酬；但若你背转身去，那么你所有臣民的罪孽都将落在你的肩上。

From Muhammad, the slave of Allâh and His Messenger to Hercules, king of the Byzantines. Blessed are those who follow true guidance. I invite you to embrace Islam so that you may live in security. If you come within the fold of Islam, Allâh will give you double reward, but in case you turn your back upon it, then the burden of the sins of all your people shall fall on your shoulders.

•"说：'有经典的人啊！你们应当遵守我们和你们之间共同的话：我们只崇拜真主，不以任何物配他，我们彼此之间也不以他人为主宰，舍真主而外。'如果他们违背，你们就说：'你们作证，我们是归顺的人。'" [3:64]

• “Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: ‘O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’ ” [3:64].

穆斯林使者迪赫亚·本·哈利法·al-卡尔比奉命将信件交给布斯拉的国王，再由他转交给凯撒。

The Muslim envoy, Dihyah bin Khalifah Al-Kalbi, was ordered to hand the letter over to king of Busra, who would in turn, send it to Caesar.

顺便一提，当时尚未皈依伊斯兰的阿布·苏福延·本·哈尔卜被传唤到宫廷，赫拉克略就穆罕默德ﷺ以及他所宣扬的宗教向他提出了许多问题。这位公开的先知之敌对先知ﷺ个人品德之高尚，以及伊斯兰为人类所带来的益处所作的证言，使赫拉克略惊叹不已。

Incidentally, Abu Sufyan bin Harb, who by that time had not embraced Islam, was summoned to the court and Hercules asked him many questions about Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and the religion which he preached. The testimony which this avowed enemy of the Prophet gave regarding the personal excellence of the Prophet’s character and the good that Islam was doing the human race, left Hercules wonder-struck.

据布哈里辑录，伊本·阿拔斯传述：赫拉克略曾派人召见阿布·苏福延及与他同行的人，他们当时正在沙姆的耶路撒冷经商。那是在古莱氏的多神教徒与安拉的使者ﷺ之间缔结停战协议期间。赫拉克略坐在他的参谋们中间，问道：“你们中间谁与自称是先知的那个人血缘最近？”阿布·苏福延answered：“我（阿布·苏福延）回答：‘在这群人中，我与他血缘最近。’”于是他们让我坐在他面前，让我的同伴坐在我身后。然后他召来译员，对他说：“告诉他们（即阿布·苏福延的同伴们），我要就那个自称是先知的人问他（即阿布·苏福延）。如果他说谎，他们应当当即驳斥他。”阿布·苏福延后来说：“以安拉发誓，我若不是担心我的同伴们会认为我是个说谎者，我就会撒谎了。” 阿布·苏福延的证词如下：“穆罕默德出身于高贵的家族。他的家族中从未有人称王。追随他的人都是弱者，而且人数日益增多。他不说谎，也不背信弃义。我们与他交战，他也与我们交战，胜负轮流。他号召人们只崇拜独一的安拉，不以任何物配主，并抛弃我们先辈的信仰。他命令我们礼拜、诚实、节制，并维系亲情。” 赫拉克略听了这番证词后，转向他的译员，吩咐他向我们传达他的如下看法，这表明他完全确信穆罕默德先知身份的真实性：“我完全明白，先知都出身于高贵的家族；此前从未有人如此效仿先知的做法。既然他的祖先中没有一位是君王，我们便不能说他是一个想要恢复父亲王权的人。他既然不对人说谎，那么就更不会对安拉说谎了。” 关于他的追随者是那些被视为弱小、人数却不断增长的人，这一点与信仰的问题相符，直到信仰在地域和人口上都达到其完整的规模。我了解到，他的追随者中至今未出现任何叛教的事例，这表明信仰的福分安居于人心之中。在我看来，背信与他无缘，因为真正的先知都以背信为可憎。命人只崇拜独一的安拉，不以任何物配主，遵守拜功，诚实，克制，禁止拜偶像，这些品质都使我的全部财产都臣服于他。我早已知道必定会出现一位先知，但从未想到他会是你们之中的一个阿拉伯人。如果我确信自己会信从他，我就希望能与他相见；如果我与他在一起，我愿为他洗脚。”随后，希拉克留意到先知的信件，并要求宣读。皇帝的这些看法，以及伊斯兰讯息清晰明确的阐述，不能不在朝廷中在场的教士们之间引起紧张的气氛。我们被命令出去。 阿布·苏富扬说：“在出来的时候，我对同伴们说：‘伊本·艾卜·凯卜沙（即穆罕默德ﷺ）的事情已经如此显著，甚至连黄种人之王（即罗马人）都害怕他。’于是我一直相信安拉的使者ﷺ终将获胜，直到安拉使我皈依伊斯兰。” 这位国王并未皈依伊斯兰，因为事情另有定数。然而，穆斯林使者带着皇帝的致意返回了麦地那。

先知ﷺ派遣阿拉奥·本·哈德拉米前往巴林总督处，并带去一封邀请他皈依伊斯兰教的信。作为回复，蒙齐尔·本·萨瓦写了如下的信。

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) despatched ‘Al-‘Ala’ bin Al-Hadrami to the governor of Bahrain, carrying a letter inviting him to embrace Islam. In reply, Al-Mundhir bin Sawa wrote the following letter:

“安拉的使者！我已收到您的指示。此前，我读过您写给巴林人民的信，邀请他们信奉伊斯兰教。伊斯兰教打动了其中一些人，他们便进入了伊斯兰教的怀抱；而另一些人则不为之所动。在我的国家，居住着拜火教徒和犹太人，因此，请您告知我应当如何对待他们。”

“Allâh’s Messenger (Peace be upon him)! I received your injunctions. Prior to this, I read your letter, which you wrote to the people of Bahrain extending to them an invitation to Islam. Islam appealed to some of them and they entered the fold of Islam, while others did not find it appealing. In my country, there live Magians and Jews, and therefore you may inform me of the treatment to be extended to them.”.

先知ﷺ回复他的信写道：

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) wrote the following letter in reply to his:

以至仁至慈的安拉之名。

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

来自安拉的使者穆罕默德致蒙迪尔·本·萨瓦。愿平安降临于你！我赞颂独一无二、没有伙伴的安拉，并作证穆罕默德是祂的仆人和使者ﷺ。

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Mundhir bin Sawa. Peace be on you! I praise Allâh with no associate, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.

此后，我提醒你们敬畏至大至尊的真主。接受劝告的人，是为了他自己的好处。遵循我的使者并依照他们的指引行事的人，实际上就是接受了我的劝告。

Thereafter, I remind you of Allâh, the Mighty, the Glorious. Whoever accepts admonition, does it for his own good. Whoever follows my messengers and acts in accordance with their guidance, he, in fact, accepts my advice.

“我的使者高度称赞了你的行为。你将继续担任现任职务。要让新穆斯林充分有机会传播他们的宗教。我接受你关于巴林人的建议，并宽恕了那些冒犯者的过错；因此，你也可以宽恕他们。巴林人中，凡愿意继续保持其犹太教或拜火教信仰的，应当缴纳吉兹亚（人头税）。”

My messengers have highly praised your behaviour. You shall continue in your present office. Give the new Muslims full chance to preach their religion. I accept your recommendation regarding the people of Bahrain, and I pardon the offences of the offenders; therefore, you may also forgive them. Of the people of Bahrain whoever wants to go on in their Jewish or Magian faith, should be made to pay Jizya (poll-tax).”

以至仁至慈的安拉之名。

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

来自穆罕默德ﷺ，安拉的使者，致哈鲁达·本·阿里：

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Haudha bin ‘Ali:

"愿平安降临于遵循正道的人。请知悉，我的宗教将在各地盛行。你应当接受伊斯兰教，你所统治之地仍归你所有。" 所派遣的使者是苏莱特·本·阿穆尔·阿尔-阿米里，他传达了讯息之后，带回了先知ﷺ的以下回复：

Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Be informed that my religion shall prevail everywhere. You should accept Islam, and whatever under your command shall remain yours.” The envoy chosen was Sulait bin ‘Amr Al-‘Amiri, who after communicating his message, carried back the following reply to the Prophet (Peace be upon him):

“你所邀请我信奉的信仰非常好。我是一位著名的演说家和诗人，阿拉伯人非常尊敬我，我在他们中间颇有声望。如果你让我参与你的统治，我愿意追随你。”

“The Faith, to which you invite me, is very good. I am a famous orator and poet, the Arabs highly respect me and I am of account among them. If you include me in your government, I am prepared to follow you.”.

随后，总督赏赐苏莱特，并送给他一件哈哲尔布料制成的衣服。当然，他把这些礼物都交托给了先知ﷺ。

The governor then bestowed a reward on Sulait and presented him with clothes made of Hajr fabric. Of course, he put all those presents in the trust of the Prophet (Peace be upon him):

先知没有接受哈乌达的要求。他通常会拒绝这种傲慢专断的语气，并说整件事都在安拉的掌握之中，祂将自己的土地赐予祂所意欲的人。随后，哲卜莱点降下启示，告知哈乌达已经死去。先知ﷺ在评论这一消息时说：“亚玛默必将出现一个撒谎者，他会自封为先知，但他随后将被杀死。”有人询问杀死他的人是谁，先知ﷺ说：“是你们中的一人，伊斯兰的信徒。”

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) did not accept Haudha’s demand. He usually turned down such peremptory tone, and would say that the whole matter was in the Hand of Allâh, Who gave His land to whoever He desired. Gabriel later came with the Revelation that Haudha had died. The Prophet (Peace be upon him), in the context of his comment on this news, said: “Yamama is bound to give rise to a liar who will arrogate Prophethood to himself but he will subsequently be killed.” In reply to a question relating to the identity of the killer, the Prophet said “It is one of you, followers of Islam.”

以至仁至慈的安拉之名。

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

来自安拉的使者穆罕默德ﷺ，致哈里斯·本·艾比·沙米尔。愿和平降临于遵循正道、信奉正道并视其为真理的人。我邀请你只信奉独一无二、无有同伴的安拉，此后你的国度仍将归你所有。”

From Muhammad, Messenger of Allâh to Al-Harith bin Abi Shamir. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance, believes in it and regards it as true. I invite you to believe in Allâh Alone with no associate, thenceafter your kingdom will remain yours.”.

沙吉·本·瓦哈卜有幸将信送给哈里斯。哈里斯在朝堂上听完信的内容后，怒不可遏地说道："谁敢夺走我的国土？我要与他（先知ﷺ）作战！"他傲慢地拒绝了先知ﷺ邀请他加入伊斯兰教的呼吁。

Shuja‘ bin Wahab had the honour of taking the letter to Harith, who upon hearing the letter read in his audience, was madly infuriated and uttered: “Who dares to disposs me of my country, I’ll fight him (the Prophet),” and arrogantly rejected the Prophet’s invitation to the fold of Islam.

以至仁至慈的安拉之名。

“In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

来自穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜拉致贾法尔和阿卜杜·贾伦迪：愿蒙受正道引导者得平安。此后，我邀请你们二人归信伊斯兰的召唤。皈依伊斯兰吧。安拉已派我作为先知，遣往祂的一切受造物，以便我在不顺服的受造物心中树立对安拉的敬畏，使否认安拉者再无借口。若你们二人接受伊斯兰，你们仍将执掌你们的国家；但若拒绝我的召唤，你们须记住，你们的一切财产都会消逝。我的骑兵将占有你们的土地，我的先知身份将凌驾于你们的王权之上。”被选去传递这封信的阿慕尔·本·阿绥，讲述了在他被引见到贾法尔面前之前所发生的一件事。

From Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah to Jaifer and ‘Abd Al-Jalandi. Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allâh has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in order that I may instil fear of Allâh in the hearts of His disobedient creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who deny Allâh. If you two accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but if you refuse my Call, you’ve got to remember that all your possessions are perishable. My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will assume preponderance over your kingship.” ‘Amr bin Al-’As, who was chosen to carry the letter, narrated the following story that happened before he was admitted into the audience of Jaifer.

“当我抵达阿曼时，我联系了阿卜德，他比他的兄弟更以温和的脾气著称：我是安拉的先知派来拜见你们两位的使者：阿卜德：你必须去见我的兄弟，并把你所携带的信念给他读。他在年龄和王权上都比我年长。顺便问一下，你此行的目的是什么？阿慕尔：先知号召你们信仰独一的安拉，不以任何事物与祂并列，抛弃其他一切神明，并作证穆罕默德是安拉的仆人和使者ﷺ。阿卜德：阿慕尔啊！你出身高贵，但首先告诉我，你父亲对于这一信仰持什么态度？你知道，我们曾经都追随他的脚步。阿慕尔：死亡在他信奉穆罕默德ﷺ的使命之前降临到他身上；我现在希望他在去世前已经皈依伊斯兰并对它忠诚。我自己也曾持同样的态度，直到安拉引导我走向伊斯兰。”

“When I arrived in ‘Oman I contacted ‘Abd, who was known to be more mild-tempered than his brother: l ‘Amr: I am the messenger of Allâh’s Prophet coming to see both, you and your brother. ‘Abd: You have to see my brother and read to him the letter you are carrying. He is my senior in both age and kingship. Incidentally, what is the purport of your mission? ‘Amr: The Prophet calls upon you to believe in Allâh Alone with no associate, discard any other deities and testify to the slavehood and Messengership of Muhammad. ‘Abd: O ‘Amr! You come from a noble family, but first of all, tell me what was your father’s attitude concerning this Faith? You know, we used to follow his steps. ‘Amr: Death overtook him before believing in Muhammad’s mission; I wish now he had embraced Islam and been truthful to it before his death. I myself had adopted the same attitude until Allâh guided me towards Islam.

‘Abd：你是什么时候皈依伊斯兰教的？

‘Abd: When did you embrace Islam?.

"Amr:当我在尼格斯的宫廷时。顺便一提,尼格斯后来也进入了伊斯兰教的行列。

‘Amr: When I was at Negus’s court. By the way, the latter did also enter into the fold of Islam.

‘Abd：他的族人有什么反应？ ‘Amr：他们认可他，并追随他的脚步。

这实际上不是一场战役,而是一次针对布·法札拉部落一支小队的小规模交战。交战之地名为祖·嘎拉德,是一处水源,距离麦地那一天的路程。据大多数学者的看法,此事发生在哈伊拜尔战役之前三天。据这场战斗的英雄赛莱迈·本·艾克瓦阐述,安拉的使者ﷺ派他的雇工拉巴赶着骆驼前往附近的牧场。我牵着塔勒哈的马,也为同样的目的前去。天亮时,阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·阿尔-法札里发动突袭,赶走了所有骆驼,并杀死了看管骆驼的人。我吩咐拉巴骑上那匹马,把它牵给塔勒哈,并告知安拉的使者ﷺ,多神教徒劫走了他的骆驼。随后我站在一处小丘上,面向麦地那,大声呼喊三次:“来救援我们啊!”之后我便出发追赶劫掠者,一边用箭射击他们,一边吟诵(自我夸耀的)诗句:

It was in fact not a battle but rather a skirmish carried out against a platoon of Bani Fazarah. The place by which it was fought is known as Dhu Qarad, a reservoir of water at a day’s journey from Madinah. According to the majority of scholars, this incident took place three days before the battle of Khaibar. It has been narrated on the authority of Salamah bin Al-Akwa‘, the hero of this battle, that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) sent his hireling Rabah, with his camels to a nearby pasture. I, taking Talhah’s horse, went there for the same purpose. When the day dawned, ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari made a raid, drove away all the camels, and killed the man who looked after them. I told Rabah to ride the horse, take it to Talhah and inform the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) that the polytheists had made away with his camels. Then I stood upon a hillock and turning my face to Madinah, shouted thrice: “Come to our help!” After that I set out in pursuit of the raiders, shooting at them with arrows and chanting (self-eulogatory) verse:

凭真主发誓,我一直向他们射箭,并砍断他们牲畜的后腿。每当有骑兵转身冲向我,我就走到一棵树下坐下隐藏自己,朝他射箭并砍断他的马的后腿。最后,他们进入了一条狭窄的山谷。我爬上那座山,用石头投掷他们,将他们阻挡在远处。我就这样不断追击他们,直到把所有骆驼都解救出来,而他们身边已无一人。他们四散奔逃,我则不停地追赶并向他们射箭,直到他们丢下了三十多件披风和三十多支长矛,以减轻负担。凡是他们丢下的东西,我都用石头做了记号,好让真主的使者ﷺ和他的同伴们能够认出来(这是敌人遗留下的战利品)。他们继续前行,直到来到一条狭窄的山谷。他们坐下来吃东西,而我坐在一块尖耸的岩石顶上。其中四人朝我所在的山上走来。当他们走得足够近、能听到我的声音时,我大喊道:“你们认得我吗?”他们说:“不认得。你是谁?”我说:“我是阿克瓦的儿子赛莱麦。你们中任何一个我都可以杀死,而你们中没有一个能杀死我。”于是他们返回了。我一直待在原地,直到看见真主的使者ﷺ的骑兵,他们穿过树林骑马而来。走在最前面的是阿赫拉姆,其后是艾卜·戛塔德·安萨里,再后面是米格达德·本·阿斯瓦德。阿赫拉姆与阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·法扎里交战。阿赫拉姆砍断了阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼的马的后腿,但后者设法用长矛刺中了他并将其杀死。阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼掉转方向,骑上了阿赫拉姆的马。艾卜·戛塔德见状,与阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼展开激烈的搏斗,用长矛刺中了他,这一击致命。多神教徒因此逃散,我一直追赶他们,直到日落之前,他们到达了一个名叫Dhu Qarad的泉水山谷。他们在那里休息饮水。 然而我紧追不舍,把他们赶出山谷,使他们连一口水都没能喝上。随后,先知(愿主赐福他并使他平安)与他的众门徒赶上了我。我对他说:安拉的使者啊,请让我从我们的人中挑选一百人,我将追击这些劫掠者,把他们彻底消灭。先知(愿主赐福他并使他平安)回答说:“伊本·阿克瓦,你已经得到的够多了,现在你该表现宽宏大量;他们已经到达了盖塔番人的居住地,在那里正被款待。”他又说:“今天我们最好的骑士是艾布·嘎塔against……” Let me correct that: 然而我紧追不舍,把他们赶出山谷,使他们连一口水都没能喝上。随后,先知ﷺ与他的众门徒赶上了我。我对他说:安拉的使者啊,请让我从我们的人中挑选一百人,我将追击这些劫掠者,把他们彻底消灭。先知ﷺ回答说:“伊本·阿克瓦,你已经得到的够多了,现在你该表现宽宏大量;他们已经到达了盖塔番人的居住地,在那里正被款待。”他又说:“今天我们最好的骑士是艾布·嘎塔德,今天我们最好的步兵是赛莱麦。”他为我分配了两份战利品——一份是骑士应得的,另一份是步兵应得的,并将两份合并给了我。先知ﷺ打算返回麦地那,便让我骑在他身后,乘着他那头名叫阿德巴的母骆驼。

By Allâh, I continued shooting at them and hamstringing their animals. Whenever a horseman turned upon me, I would come to a tree (hid myself) sitting at its base, shoot at him and hamstring his horse. At last they entered a narrow mountain gorge. I ascended that mountain and held them at bay throwing stones at them. I continued to chase them in this way until I got all the camels released with no one left with them. They fled in all directions and I following and shooting at them continually until they dropped more than thirty mantles and thirty lances, lightening their burden. On everything they dropped, I put a mark with a stone so that the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) and his Companions might recognize them (that it was booty left by the enemy). They went on until they came to a narrow valley. They sat down to eat something, and I sat on the top of a tapering rock. Four of them ascended the mountain coming towards me. When they were near enough to hear me, I shouted: “Do you recognize me?” They said: “No. Who are you?” I said: “I am Salamah son of Al-Akwa‘. I can kill anyone of you I like but none of you can kill me.” So they returned. I did not move from my place until I saw the horsemen of the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him), who came riding through the trees. The foremost among them was Akhram, behind him was Abu Qatadah Al-Ansari followed by Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad. Akhram and ‘Abdur Rahman Al-Fazari met in combat. Akhram hamstrung ‘Abdur Rahman’s horse but the latter managed to strike him with his lance and kill him. ‘Abdur Rahman turned around riding Akhram’s horse. Abu Qatadah, seeing this, got engaged in fierce combat with ‘Abdur Rahman, smote him with his lance and it was fatal. The polytheists consequently fled away and I was in their pursuit until before sunset they reached a valley with a spring of water called Dhu Qarad. They rested there to have a drink. I however, running in hot pursuit, turned them out of the valley before they could drink a drop of water. Later on, the Prophet (Peace be upon him), along with his Companions, overtook me. I addressed him saying: Messenger of Allâh, let me select from our people one hundred men and I will follow the marauders and finish them. In reply, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: “Ibn Al-Akwa‘, you have taken enough and so now you have to show magnanimity; now they have reached the habitation of Ghatfan where they are being feted.” He added saying: “Our best horseman today is Abu Qatadah, and our best footman today is Salamah.” He allotted me two shares of the booty - the share meant for the horseman and the other meant for the footman, and combined both of them for me. Intending to return to Madinah, he made me mount behind him on his she-camel called Al-‘Adba’.