Ainihin ka'idar jari-hujja (capitalism) tana kira ga ƙara yawan samarwa, don haka kuma ƙara arzikin al'ummai. Tana ƙara da cewa ƙarin samarwa tare da yanayin buƙata da wadatuwa (supply and demand) da tsarin farashi (price mechanism) zai tabbatar da mafi kyawun rarraba arzikin da aka samar ga mambobin al'umma. Samar da arziki a ƙarƙashin jari-hujja ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin shekaru ɗari da suka wuce, sai dai 'yan kaɗan a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙen duniya. A halin da ake ciki, adadin mutanen da ake ɗaukar su matalauta bisa ƙa'idojin ƙasa, na gida da na duniya, ya ci gaba da kasancewa ba ruwansa da ci gaban arzikin. Wannan al'amari ne na duniya baki ɗaya, wanda ya haɗa da ƙasashe masu arziki sosai kamar Amurka, da kuma ƙasashe masu talauci sosai kamar Haiti da ƙasashen kudu da Sahara a Afirka.

The original theory of capitalism calls for the increase in production and consequently the increase in the wealth of nations. It further claims that the increased production coupled with the dynamics of supply and demand and the price mechanism will guarantee the best distribution of the produced wealth to the members of the society. Production of wealth under capitalism has continuously risen over the past one hundred years, with few exceptions during world wars. In the meantime, the number of people who are classified as poor based on local national and international standards continued to be indifferent to the wealth growth. This phenomenon is a worldwide phenomenon which includes extremely rich nations such as the USA as well as extremely poor nations such as Haiti and the sub-Saharan Africa.

A cikin wata sanarwa da shugabannin ƙasashe da gwamnatoci suka fitar a ɗaya daga cikin taruka na Abinci na Duniya na Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Duniya (FAO), sun bayyana damuwarsu mai zurfi game da ci gaba da kasancewar yunwa, wadda ke barazana ga al'ummomin ƙasashe da kuma ga zaman lafiyar al'ummar duniya baki ɗaya51. A cewar sanarwar, "abin da ba za a iya jurewa ba ne cewa fiye da mutane miliyan 800 a faɗin duniya, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ba su da isasshen abinci don biyan buƙatunsu na asali na abinci mai gina jiki." Shugabannin sun tabbatar da cewa samar da abinci ya ƙaru sosai, amma talauci da yunwa suna ci gaba da kasancewa. Duk da amincewarsu cewa samar da abinci ya ƙaru ba tare da rage yunwa ba, sun dage cewa mafita za ta kasance ƙarin abu iri ɗaya, wato "ƙara samar da abinci."

In a statement made by the heads of state and government at one of the World Food Summits of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), they expressed their deep concern over the persistence of hunger which constitutes a threat both to national societies and to the stability of the international community itself51. According to the statement, “it is intolerable that more than 800 million people throughout the world, and particularly in developing countries, do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs.” The leaders confirm that food supplies have increased substantially, but poverty and hunger continue to persist. Despite their recognition that food supply has increased without reducing hunger, they insisted that the solution will be more of the same “increased food production.”.

A cikin wannan sanarwa, shugabannin duniya sun tabbatar da cewa akwai babbar matsala ta talauci da yunwa. A halin yanzu, suna ci gaba da bayyana cewa mafita ita ce ƙara albarkatu da kayayyaki. Ya kamata su lura cewa matsalar ba ta cikin yawan abinci ba ne; a maimakon haka, matsalar ita ce tsarin rarraba shi, wanda ya kasa ba kowa damar samun abinci, kayayyaki da ayyuka yadda ya kamata. Tsarin rarraba albarkatun ya kasance ba tare da canji ba. Sakamakon ƙarshe zai ci gaba da kasancewa iri ɗaya. Samar da ƙarin albarkatu zai ƙara wa masu arziki arziki, amma ba zai amfani waɗanda suka fi buƙatar waɗannan albarkatun ba.

In this declaration, the leaders of the world confirm the existence of a serious problem in poverty and hunger. In the meantime, they continue to declare that the solution is to increase the resources and products. They should have noted that the defect is not in the productivity of food; rather it is the mechanism of its distribution that fails to enable each and every person to have the proper access to food, commodities, and services. The mechanism of distribution of the resources remains unchanged. The end result will continue to be the same. The production of resources will increase the wealth of the already wealthy, but will not benefit those who need these resources the most.

A hakika, jimillar kayan da al'umma ke samarwa, watau GNP ko GDP, na kowace ƙasa da kuma na duniya baki ɗaya, sun kasance suna ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru da dama. Hoto na 3 ya nuna yadda adadin GNP na Amurka ya ƙaru tun shekarar 1929. Sai dai a wani ɗan lokaci kaɗan, GNP ya kasance yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Bayan shekarar 1970, GNP ya fara ƙaruwa cikin saurin da ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri (exponential); a wannan lokaci ne Amurka ta bar tsarin gwal (gold standard); za a ƙara yin bayani a kan wannan daga baya. A yanzu, GNP na Amurka ya zarce dala tiriliyan goma sha huɗu.

In fact, the gross national or domestic product of individual nations as well as of the world at large has been on the rise for decades. Figure 3 shows the increase in GNP figures for the United States since 1929. Except for a short period of time, the GNP has always increased. After 1970, the GNP began to increase at exponential rates; this is the time when the United States departed away from the gold standard; more on this later. The current GNP in the United States exceeds fourteen trillion dollars.

Ana nuna adadin talauci da kashi-kashin talauci a Amurka a cikin hoto na 4. Lura cewa yawan matalautan ya ci gaba da karuwa bayan shekarar 1970, duk da cewa jimillar dukiyar kasar tana karuwa cikin sauri irin na yawan ninkawa. Kashi-kashin talauci suna ci gaba da kasancewa a kusan kashi 12.5%, duk da babbar karuwar dukiya (daga dala tiriliyan 1 a shekarar 1970 zuwa dala tiriliyan 14.5 a shekarar 2008).

The poverty numbers and rates in the United States are shown in figure 4. Note that the number of poor people continued to increase after 1970 despite the fact that the total wealth in the country was increasing at an exponential rate. The poverty rates continue to average around 12.5% despite the tremendous wealth increase (from $1 trillion in 1970 to $14.5 trillion in 2008).

Hoto na 5 ya bambanta karuwar dukiya a Amurka da adadin talauci. Lura cewa dukiya na ci gaba da karuwa, yayin da adadin mutanen da ke cikin talauci ke tsayawa a kusan miliyan talatin a matsakaici. Wadannan alkaluma sun shafi Amurka, kasa mafi arziki a duniya kuma shugabar tsarin jari-hujja.

Figure 5 contrasts the wealth increase in the United States with the poverty rates. Note how the wealth continues to increase while the number of poor people remains averaged around thirty million people. These figures pertain to the United States, the richest country in the world and the leader of capitalism.

Tasirin tsarin jari-hujja a kan duniya baki ɗaya ya fi muni. Adadin talauci da yawan sa abin takaici ne. Shugabannin duniya, cibiyoyin duniya da ƙungiyoyi kamar Bankin Duniya, FAO da sauransu sun amince da wannan gaskiya.

The impact of capitalism on the world at large is more devastating. The poverty numbers and rates are disheartening. This fact is recognized by world leaders, world institutions and organizations such as the World Bank, the FAO, and others.

Ana cewa talauci yana wanzuwa idan mutum ya sami kuɗi kasa da abin da yake buƙata a zahiri don biyan muhimman bukatunsa. Wannan ma'ana ta yi daidai da ra'ayin jari-hujja game da farashi da rawar da yake takawa wajen tantance wanda zai iya biyan bukatunsa da wanda ba zai iya ba. Duk mutumin da ya sami kuɗi kasa da farashin kayayyakin da yake buƙata don biyan bukatunsa (farashin aikinsa ko cinikinsa) talaka ne.

Poverty is said to exist when a person earns less money than he actually needs to fulfill his basic needs. This definition is consistent with the capitalist view of the price and its role in determining who would be able to satisfy his needs and who would not. A person who earns less money (price for his efforts or trade) than the price of the goods he needs to fulfill his needs is a poor one.

Saboda haka, hanya ɗaya ta auna talauci ita ce tattara bayanai kan mutanen da suke samun ƙasa da dala ɗaya, biyu, ko fiye a kowace rana. Alkaluman Bankin Duniya sun nuna cewa a shekarar 1981 akwai mutane biliyan 1.899 da kuɗin shigarsu bai wuce dala ɗaya a rana ba. Wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa biliyan 1.374 a shekarar 2005. Idan layin talauci ya haura zuwa dala biyu, uku, biyar, ko goma a kowace rana, yanayin duniya a ƙarƙashin tsarin jari-hujja yana zama abin tsoro ƙwarai.

Hence, one way to measure poverty is to collect data on people who earn less than one, two, or more dollars per day. World Bank figures show that in 1981 there were 1.899 billion people whose income was less than $1 a day. This number was reduced to 1.374 billion in 2005. When the poverty line goes up to two, three, five, or ten dollars per day, the state of the world under capitalism becomes absolutely frightening.

Adadi na Hoto na 6 yana gabatar da bayanan talauci ga layukan talauci da yawa53. Ka lura cewa sai dai bayanan $1, adadin mutane matalauta ya ci gaba da kasancewa sama da kashi 40% na yawan mutanen duniya.

Figure 6 presents poverty data for several poverty lines53. Note that except for the $1 data, the number of poor people continued to stay above 40% of the world population.

Hoto na 7 yana nuna raguwar yawan talauci a tsawon shekaru (1981-2005). Mafi girman raguwa ya kasance a yawan mutanen da suke samun ƙasa da dala ɗaya a rana; yawan mutanen da ke rayuwa ƙasa da dala ɗaya a rana ya ragu da rabi a cikin shekaru ashirin da biyar (daga kashi 50 zuwa kashi 25). An sami ɗan ci gaba kaɗan ga mutanen da suke samun dala biyar ko goma a rana. A shekarar 1981, kashi 95 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen duniya banda Amurka da Yammacin Turai suna rayuwa ƙasa da dala goma a rana; shekaru ashirin da biyar bayan haka, wannan kaso ya ragu zuwa kashi 93 kawai. A cikin wannan lokacin, farashin kayayyaki da hauhawar farashi sun yi tashin gwauron zabo a duniya baki ɗaya.

Figure 7 shows the reduction of poverty rates over the years (1981-2005). The largest reduction is in the number of people who earned less than $1 a day; the rate of people living under $1 a day was reduced by half over twenty-five years (50% to 25%). Very little improvement was observed for people who earned five or ten dollars a day. In 1981, 95% of the world population excluding the United States and Western Europe lived under $10 a day; twenty-five years later, this percentage was reduced only to 93%. Over the same period, prices and inflation have soared worldwide.

Ma'ana, kashi 50% na waɗanda ke samun $1 a 1981 kuma suka koma mataki na $2 ba lallai ne su fi kyau ba. Ofishin Kididdigar Ayyuka (Bureau of Labor Statistics) na Amurka yana amfani da wani kayan lissafi don ƙididdige ƙimar hauhawar farashin masu amfani (consumer price index, CPI). Ta amfani da wannan kayan lissafi, abin da $1 zai saya a 1981 yana buƙatar $2.15 a 2005. Wato, mutanen da suke rayuwa da ƙasa da $1 a 1981 suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin matsayin talauci iri ɗaya a 2005, duk da cewa rabinsu yanzu suna rayuwa a kan $2 a kowace rana. Ƙididdigar farashin masu amfani na lokacin 1947-2009 an nuna ta a hoto na 8. Ka lura yadda farashi ya ƙaru sosai bayan 1972 (wannan shi ne lokacin da Amurka ta bar tsarin gwal).

In other words, the 50% of those who used to earn $1 in 1981 and moved to the $2 bracket are not necessarily better off. The Bureau of Labor Statistics in the United States uses a calculating tool to compute the consumer price index (CPI) inflation rate54. Using this calculator, what $1 could buy in 1981 requires $2.15 in 2005. In other words, the people who lived under $1 in 1981 continue to be in the same poverty status in 2005 even though half of them now live on $2 a day. The consumer price index for the period 1947-2009 is shown in figure 8. Note how sharply the prices increased after 1972 (this is the time when the United States departed from the gold standard).

Watakila mafi munin sakamakon talauci shi ne yunwa. Sau da yawa mutane kan yi magana game da talauci kawai ta fuskar mutanen da suke samun ƙasa da wani ƙayyadadden adadin kuɗi.

Perhaps the most devastating result of poverty is hunger. Quite often people refer to poverty simply in terms of people who earn less than a predetermined amount of money.

Matsalar ta zama babba sosai idan talaka ya kasa cika cikinsa da abincin da ake bukata domin rayuwa mai kyau. Jari-hujja a matsayin tsarin tattalin arziki ba ta magance matsalar yunwa ba. A gaskiya, ka'idojin jari-hujja suna haifar da yiwuwar cewa wasu daidaikun mutane a cikin al'umma ba za su iya biyan wasu daga cikin bukatunsu ba; wadannan bukatu na iya zama bukatar abinci, wanda ya zama dole don kawar da yunwa. Jari-hujja tana ikirarin ba tare da hujja ba cewa babu isassun albarkatu (a wannan yanayin abinci) da za a ciyar da kowace ciki mai yunwa. Domin mayar da martani ga yaduwar yunwa karkashin jari-hujja, an kafa cibiyoyi da yawa don yaki da yunwa. Kasancewar irin wadannan cibiyoyi a cikin al'ummomin jari-hujja hujja ce bayyananniya cewa jari-hujja a matsayin tsarin ba wai kawai ta kasa warware matsalar yunwa ba, har ma tana haddasa ta. Musulunci kuwa, kamar yadda za a tattauna daga baya, yana kira da a kawar da yunwa, kuma ya mayar da wannan kira ka'ida ta asali a Musulunci. An ruwaito Annabi Muhammad ﷺ yana cewa: "Allah da ManzonSa za su ƙaurace wa al'ummar da ta bari ɗaya daga cikin membobinta ya kwana da yunwa."

The becomes problem really serious when the poor actually remains unable to fill his stomach with the necessary food to sustain a decent life. Capitalism as a system does not address the issue of hunger. In fact, the principles of capitalism give rise to the possibility that individuals in a society will not be able to satisfy some of their needs; these needs could very well be the need for food, which is necessary to eliminate hunger. Capitalism speciously claims that there is not enough resources (in this case food) to feed each and every hungry stomach. In response to the phenomenon of hunger under capitalism, many institutions were created to fight hunger. The existence of such institutions within the societies of capitalism is a simple proof that capitalism as a system not only fails to resolve the epidemic problem of hunger, but in fact it causes this problem. Islam, on the other hand (as will be discussed later), calls for the elimination of hunger and makes this call a fundamental principle of Islam. Prophet Mohammad is reported to have said, “Allah and his Messenger will disown a community which allows one of its members to sleep hungry.

Duk da girman ci gaban tattalin arziƙi da arzikin Amurka, Rundunar Ƙwararrun Likitoci kan Yunwa a Amurka (wadda aka kafa a farkon shekarar 1984) ta kammala da cewa yunwa matsala ce mai girman annoba a faɗin ƙasar; tana ƙara muni, ba ta sauƙi ba. Sun ƙara kammalawa da cewa manufofin yanzu ba sa rage yunwa a Amurka56. Wannan gaskiya ba za ta yi wa mutane da yawa daɗi su karɓa ba, kamar yadda Ardis Armstrong Young57 ya bayar da hujja. Ya tayar da tambaya cewa "Don me Amurkawa ke barin mutane su kwana da yunwa alhali za su iya noma isasshen abinci don ciyar da duniya, kuma suna ɓata abinci fiye da abin da masu yunwa za su iya ci?" Larry Brown, darakta a Cibiyar Ƙasa kan Yunwa da Talauci, ya taƙaita matsalar yunwa a Amurka a littafinsa Hunger in America: The Growing Epidemic58, inda ya rubuta:

Idan yunwa matsala ce mai girman annoba a Amurka, ƙasa mafi arziki a duniya, to me yunwa take nufi a Haiti, Bangladesh, Kenya, da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa da marasa ci gaba? Alkaluman yunwa a duniya abin mamaki ne, abin firgitarwa, abin tsoro. Girman matsalar yana bayyana idan muka san cewa abincin da ake ɓata a duniya da albarkatun da ake ɓatarwa sun fi isa su ciyar da mayunwata. Sau da sau, a bayyane yake cewa tsarin rarraba abinci ne ke gazawa; ba rashin isassun albarkatu ba ne.

If hunger is a problem with epidemic proportions in the United States, the richest country in the world, then what proportions does hunger have in Haiti, Bangladesh, Kenya, and the rest of the developing and underdeveloped world? The statistics on world hunger are shocking, startling, and terrifying. The magnitude of the problem is signified when we know that the wasted resources and food in the world are more than sufficient to feed the hungry. Time and again, it is clear that the mechanism of distribution that is failing; it is not the insufficiency of the resources.

Bisa ga bayanai da kididdigar da aka wallafa game da yunwa daga Bankin Duniya da sauran kungiyoyi, mutum daya na mutuwa saboda yunwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki duk bayan dakika biyu, kashi 85% daga cikinsu yara ne. A kasashen Asiya, Afirka, da Latin Amurka, fiye da mutane biliyan 1.3 har yanzu suna rayuwa cikin abin da Bankin Duniya ya kira talauci mai tsanani (kasa da dala 1 a rana), wanda ke haifar da nau'o'in cututtuka iri-iri, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da yiwuwar mutuwa. A cikin wata sanarwa da Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya yi a rahoton Manufofin Ci Gaban Karni na 2009, ya ce,

According to published data and statistics on hunger by World Bank and other organizations, one person every other second dies out of hunger and malnutrition, 85% of these are children. In the Asian, African, and Latin American countries, well over 1.3 billion people are still living in what the World Bank has called absolute poverty (below $1 a day)53, which results in various types of illnesses, malnutrition, and potential death. In a statement made by the secretary general of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon to the Millennium Development Goals report 200959, he says,

Mun kasance muna tafiya a hankali fiye da yadda ya kamata don cimma burinmu. Kuma a yau, muna fuskantar matsalar tattalin arziki ta duniya wadda cikakken tasirinta har yanzu ba a ji ba.

We have been moving too slowly to meet our goals. And today, we face a global economic crisis whose full repercussions have yet to be felt.

Aƙalla, zai karkatar da mu daga hanyarmu a wurare da dama masu muhimmanci, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa. A mafi munin yanayi, zai iya hana mu cika alkawuranmu, ya jefa miliyoyin mutane cikin talauci, kuma ya haifar da haɗarin rikicin zamantakewa da siyasa.

Yankin Saharar Afirka ta Kudu shi ne ya fi shan wahala daga irin wannan yanayi, inda kashi 30 cikin 100 na al'ummarsa ke fuskantar barazanar yunwa, rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma mutuwa a kullum. Bisa ga rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO)60, sama da mutane dubu hamsin ne ke mutuwa kowace rana sakamakon cututtukan da talauci ke haifarwa. Yara ne ke kan gaba wajen shan wahalar yunwa, inda kimanin yara dubu talatin ke mutuwa kowace rana, bisa ga rahoton UNICEF61.

Sub-Saharan Africa experiences the worst of such conditions, where 30% of its population faces the danger of hunger, undernutrition and potential death on a daily basis. According to the World Health Organization60, more than fifty thousand people die every day from poverty-related causes. The children are the largest segment hit by hunger with thirty thousand deaths daily according to UNICEF report61.

Yunwa tana hana mutane, musamman yara, samun abincin da ya dace domin girma. Tasirin yunwa a kan manyan al'ummomi yana bayyana a yawan kashi na yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara biyar waɗanda nauyinsu bai isa ba. Kashi talatin da ɗaya cikin ɗari na yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara biyar (wato, ɗaya cikin kowane yara uku) a Asiya, Afirka, da Latin Amurka ba su da nauyin da ya kamata a 1990. Halin yara bai inganta sosai ba tun lokacin; a 2007 sama da kashi 26 cikin ɗari na yara a wannan yanki har yanzu ba su da nauyin da ya kamata, kuma ana sa ran wannan adadi zai ƙara hauhawa saboda matsalar kuɗi ta yanzu.

Hunger deprives people, especially children, from receiving the necessary nutrition for growth. The impact of hunger on large populations is visible on the percentage of children under age five who are underweight. Thirty-one percent of children under five (that is, one out of every three children) in Asia, Africa, and Latin America were underweight in 1990. The status of children has not improved a lot since then; in 2007 more than 26% of the children in this region were still underweight and this rate is expected to rise even more due to the current financial crisis.

Alamomin talauci da yunwa suna bayyana a fannoni da dama na rayuwar ɗan adam. Abin da ya fi muhimmanci a cikinsu shi ne yawan mutuwar mata masu juna biyu da jarirai (jarirai 'yan ƙasa da kwana ashirin da takwas) da aka nuna a hoto na 9. Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa sama da mata dubu ɗari biyar ke mutuwa kowace shekara a lokacin haihuwa. Yawancin waɗannan mutuwar na faruwa a yankin kudu da Sahara na Afirka (kashi 50 cikin 100 na jimlar), inda talauci ya fi tsanani a duniya.

Footprints of poverty and hunger are visible in many aspects of the human life. Of particular significance is the maternal and neonatal (newborn babies less than twenty-eight days old) death rates shown in figure 9. The World Health Organization estimates more than five hundred thousand women die every year in the process of delivering children. The largest number of deaths occur in the sub-Saharan Africa (50% of the total), where the poverty rate is highest in the world.

Bambancin da ke tsakanin jin dadin uwaye a kasashen masana'antu da kasashen masu tasowa yana nuna rashin daidaiton rarraba albarkatu. A Nijar, misali, kasar da ke da mafi girman hadarin mutuwar uwa, daya daga cikin haihuwa bakwai na haddasa mutuwar uwar, sabanin daya cikin 47,600 a kasa kamar Ireland.

The disparity between the well-being of mothers in industrial world and the developing world speaks for an out-of-balance distribution of resources. In Niger, for example, the country with the highest risk of maternal death, 1 out of 7 births will result in the death of the mother compared to 1 out of 47,600 in a country like Ireland.

Haka kuma, mace-macen jarirai (yiwuwar jariri ya mutu cikin kwanaki ashirin da takwas da haihuwa) ana sa ran za ta yi yawa sosai saboda matsanancin talauci da yunwa. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa kimanin jarirai miliyan 3.7 ne suka mutu bayan haihuwa a shekarar 2004. Hoto na 10 ya nuna yadda talauci da wadata suka bambanta a duniya. Daga cikin jarirai 1,000 da aka haifa a yankunan da kuɗin shiga ya yi ƙasa, 40 na mutuwa, sabanin 3 kacal cikin 1,000 a ƙasashen masana'antu.

By the same token, neonatal mortality (probability of newborn dying within twenty-eight days of birth) is expected to be very high due to extreme poverty and hunger. WHO estimates that around 3.7 million babies died after birth in 2004. Figure 10 illustrates the wide disparity between the poor and the rich worlds. Forty out of every 1,000 newborn babies die in the low-income regions compared to only 3 out of 1,000 in the industrial world.

Baya ga tasirin kai tsaye da yake yi ga rayuwar mata masu haihuwa da jariran da aka haifa, talauci da yunwa suna hana ci gaban al'umma ta hanyar hana ilimi. Matsanancin talauci yana kawo cikas ga koyo ta hanyar rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin lafiya, rashin littattafai, rashin isasshen haske da wuraren yin aikin gida, da kuma rashin ilimin iyaye. Talauci yana kara yawan yara da suke barin makaranta. Rashin ilimi cikas ne da ke hana samun hanyoyin da ake bukata don inganta ingancin rayuwa.

Besides the direct impact on the life of women who give birth to children and the newborn babies, poverty and hunger impede the progress of nations by inhibiting education. Extreme poverty obstructs learning through poor nutrition, bad health, lack of books, insufficient lighting and places to do homework and parental poor education. Poverty increases the rate of dropout of schools. Lack of education constitutes an obstacle which prevents the acquisition of the necessary means for improving life quality.

Wannan yana haifar da zagaye da ke da wuyar karyawa: talauci yana hana ilimi, yayin da rashin ilimi kuma yana ci gaba da talauci. Mutane matalauta sosai suna da ƙarancin damar samun ingantaccen ilimi, wanda ya zama dole don yin gasa da mutane masu ilimi mafi girma neman aiki; ba tare da ingantaccen aikin yi ba, kusan ba zai yiwu a fita daga ramin talauci ba. A ƙarƙashin mulkin jari-hujja, ɓangarorin da ba su da wadata na al'umma su ne mafi ƙarancin ilimi; kuma waɗanda ke da mafi ƙarancin ilimi su ne mafi talauci. Talauci da yunwa suna shafar ƙarfin tunanin yara a makarantu. Rahotannin UNESCO sun nuna cewa yara masu ƙarancin nauyi da waɗanda suka tsaya ba su girma ba saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki ba sa iya mayar da hankali a makaranta, kuma suna iya barin makaranta61.

This leads to a cycle which proves to be too difficult to break: poverty impedes education, while lack of education sustains poverty. Extremely poor people have lesser chance of getting proper education, which is necessary to compete for jobs with more educated people; without proper employment, it is almost impossible to get out of the poverty plunge. Under the dominance of capitalism, the poor segments of the population are the least educated; and those with the least education are the poorest. Poverty and hunger affect the cognitive ability of children in schools. UNESCO reports show that underweight and stunted children due to poor nutrition cannot concentrate in school and are likely to drop out61.

Manufofin yanzu da ke karkashin mulkin tsarin jari-hujja sun kasa karya wannan zagayen. Cikin 'yan shekarun nan, talakawa sun ci gaba da baya a fannin ilimi, kuma yawan talauci ya ci gaba da kasancewa. A shekarar 2007, yara miliyan saba'in da bakwai masu shekarun makarantar firamare a kasashe masu tasowa ba sa zuwa makaranta, kashi 57% daga cikinsu 'yan mata ne61. Kusan mutum biliyan daya sun shiga karni na ashirin da daya ba su iya karanta littafi ko rubuta sunayensu ba.

Current policies under the dominance of the system of capitalism have failed to break this cycle. Over the last few decades, the poor continued to lag behind in education, and the poverty rates continued to persist. Seventy-seven million children of primary school age in the developing world were not in school in 2007, 57% of them were girls61. Nearly a billion people entered the twenty-first century unable to read a book or sign their names.

Rahoton Sa Ido na Ilimi ga Kowa (EFA) na UNESCO61 ya nuna cewa "yara ƙanana waɗanda suka fi buƙata, waɗanda kuma su ne za su fi amfana, ba za su iya samun damar shiga shirye-shiryen inganta ilimi ba." Ɗaukar yara a makarantu ya kasance ƙasa ƙwarai a yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa, kuma akwai shirye-shirye kaɗan ga yaran da ba su kai shekara uku ba. Babban shingen da ke hana ilimi shi ne talauci da yunwa.

The UNESCO Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report61 shows that “young children in greatest need, who also stand to gain the most, are unlikely to have access to education improvement programs.” Coverage remains very low in most of the developing world and few programs exist for children under age three. The main barrier for education is poverty and hunger.

Hotuna (11-14) sun nuna alamomin ilimi a kasashe 125 bisa ga rahoton UNESCO. Duk alamomin sun nuna cewa kasashe mafi talauci suna baya a fannin karatun manya, yawan masu shiga makaranta, da yawan daliban da ke kaiwa aji 5. Saboda haka, alamar ci gaban ilimi (EDI) ga kashi daya bisa uku na kasashen duniya ta kasa da kashi 80%, kuma kasashe irin su Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, da Mozambique suna da alamar ilimi ta kasa da kashi 60%. Yawan iya karatu a Chad da Niger ya kasa da kashi 30% na jimillar al'umma. Saboda dangantaka mai karfi tsakanin talauci da ilimi, yana da matukar wahala a ga ci gaba a jin dadin rayuwar mutanen wadannan kasashen Afirka sai dai idan an samu sauyi mai muhimmanci a hanyar da kuma salon rarraba dukiya a duniya.

Figures (11-14) show education indicators in 125 countries based on UNESCO report61. All of the indicators show that the poorest countries lag behind in adult literacy, net enrolment ratios, and survival rate of students to grade 5; as a result, the education development indicator (EDI) for one-third of the nations of the world is below 80%, with countries like Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, and Mozambique having lower than 60% education index. The literacy rate in Chad and Niger is less than 30% of the total population. Given the strong correlation between poverty and education, it is very difficult to see an improvement in the well-being of Figures (11-14) show education indicators in 125 countries based on UNESCO report. All of the indicators show that the poorest countries lag behind in adult literacy, net enrolment ratios, and survival rate of students to grade 5; as a result, the education development indicator (EDI) for one-third of the nations of the world is below 80%, with countries like Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, and Mozambique having lower than 60% education index. The literacy rate in Chad and Niger is less than 30% of the total population. Given the strong correlation between poverty and education, it is very difficult to see an improvement in the well-being of the life of people in these African nations unless a serious change occurs in the method and style of wealth distribution in the world.

A cikin Amurka, ƙasar jari-hujja mafi girma kuma mafi arziki, rashin iya karatu da rubutu har yanzu yana kaiwa kashi 14%, wato mutum ɗaya cikin bakwai ba su da ƙwarewar karatu ta asali. Alkaluma sun nuna cewa mafi yawan waɗanda ke barin makaranta suna cikin al'ummomi mafi talauci a Amurka, watau Hispanics da baƙaƙen fata. Yawan waɗanda ke barin makaranta tsakanin farare, baƙaƙe da Hispanics ya kasance iri ɗaya a cikin shekaru talatin da biyar da suka wuce, inda Hispanics ke da matsakaicin sau 3.6 fiye da farare, sannan baƙaƙe kuma sun fi farare da sau 1.5 yawan waɗanda ke barin makaranta (hoto na 15). Wannan ƙara tabbatar da hakan yana ƙunshe a cikin gaskiyar cewa kashi 75% na mutanen da ke karɓar tallafin jin ƙai a Amurka ba sa iya karatu.