1.5.2 Mallakar Gwamnati da ta Jama'a: Rikici da Jari-hujja
1.5.2 State and Public Ownership: Conflict with Capitalism
A tushen ma'anar jari-hujja (capitalism) akwai "mallakar masu zaman kansu." A kamus na Merriam-Webster, an bayyana jari-hujja a matsayin "tsarin tattalin arziki da ke da mallakar masu zaman kansu ko na kamfanoni a kan kayan jari." Milton Friedman, wanda ya samu kyautar Nobel a fannin tattalin arziki, ya siffanta jari-hujja a matsayin tsarin al'umma da aka shirya ta hanyar musayar son rai da kasuwancin masu zaman kansu, wato tattalin arzikin musayar kasuwanci. A cewar marubuci kuma masanin falsafa Ayn Rand, duk dukiya tana hannun masu zaman kansu a karkashin jari-hujja. Haka kuma, masanin tattalin arziki George Reisman ya tabbatar da cewa jari-hujja tsarin zamantakewa ne da ya dogara da mallakar masu zaman kansu. Littafin Encyclopedia Britannica ya bayar da wannan ma'ana: "jari-hujja, wanda kuma ake kira tattalin arzikin kasuwa mai 'yanci, ko tattalin arzikin kasuwanci mai 'yanci: tsarin tattalin arziki da ya fi yaduwa a duniyar Yamma tun bayan rushewar tsarin fiudal, wanda yawancin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki mallakar masu zaman kansu ne, kuma ana jagorantar samarwa da rarraba kudin shiga galibi ta hanyar aikin kasuwanni." Mallakar jama'a ko ta gwamnati na hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, kamar masana'antar motoci ko cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi, ya saba kai tsaye da tushen jari-hujja. Kamus na Chambers 21st Century shi ma ya ki amincewa da mallakar gwamnati a cikin ma'anarsa ta jari-hujja, inda ya ce tsari ne "da ke dogara da mallakar masu zaman kansu, ba ta gwamnati ba, na kasuwanci, masana'antu, da hidimomin sufuri, da sauransu, tare da gasa mai 'yanci da neman riba." Matsayin gwamnati a al'ummar jari-hujja ya fi dacewa da tsara dokoki ga masana'antu fiye da mallakarsu. Gaskiyar cewa shigar gwamnati don mallakar wani sashe na masana'antu na iya kai ga daidaita tattalin arziki mai hargitsi, ba ya sa wannan shigar ta zama mataki mai inganci daga mahangar jari-hujja. Akasin haka, wannan yana nuna wani gagarumin kuskure a ka'idar jari-hujja, wacce ta amince da nau'i guda ɗaya kawai na mallaka, wato mallakar masu zaman kansu.