12. Ƙasashen Duniya ta Uku suna buƙatar sassauta tsarin tattalin arzikinsu domin su samu ci gaba.
12. The third world need to liberalise their economies for them to develop
Shekaru talatin da suka wuce, Jari-hujja (Capitalism) ya mamaye fagen ci gaba na duniya. Ya mallaki tsarin ci gaban tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya, kuma ya ɗora tsarinsa a kan duniya baki ɗaya. Kasashen Asiya masu tattalin arziki kamar damisa, wato China, Koriya ta Kudu, Taiwan, Singapore da Hong Kong, ana nuna su akai-akai a matsayin kasashe masu nasara waɗanda suka karɓi 'yanci (liberalism) suka samu ci gaba. Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF) tare da Bankin Duniya sun bayyana cewa masana'antu da yaɗuwar ra'ayoyin tattalin arziki masu 'yanci za su canza tattalin arzikin gargajiya da al'ummomi. Waɗannan tasirai za su sanya ƙasashe matalauta a kan hanyar ci gaba irin wadda ƙasashen Yamma masu masana'antu suka bi a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu.
The last three decades have seen Capitalism dominate the international development scene. It has completely monopolised economic development and enforced its formula upon the world. The Asian tiger economies of China, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong are shown regularly as successful nations who adopted liberalism and progressed. The IMF alongside the World Bank proclaimed industrialisation and the diffusion of liberal economic ideas would transform traditional economies and societies. These influences would place poor countries on a path of development similar to that experienced by Western industrialised nations during the Industrial Revolution.
A yau talauci shi ne yanayin mafi yawan mutanen duniya. Mutane biliyan uku a duniya suna rayuwa da kasa da dala biyu a kullum; wasu biliyan 1.3 kuma suna rayuwa da kasa da dala daya a kullum.
Today poverty is the state for the majority of the world’s people. Three billion people in the world live on fewer than two dollars a day; another 1.3 billion people live on less than one dollar a day.
Biliyan 1.3 ba su da damar samun ruwa mai tsafta; biliyan uku ba su da damar samun tsaftar muhalli, kuma biliyan biyu ba su da damar samun wutar lantarki. Ra'ayin 'yanci (liberalism) shi ne ainihin sanadin rashin daidaiton arziki a duniya da talaucin da mafi yawan mutanen duniya ke fama da shi. Ra'ayin 'yanci ya sa kasashen Yammacin duniya suna ciyar da kansu daga sauran duniya. Ra'ayin 'yanci bai taba taimakawa wajen rage talauci ba, a zahiri ma ya kara shi, don haka duk wani ci gaba da manufofin tattalin arziki na 'yanci a kasashen duniya ta uku zai sa talakawa su kara talauci.
1.3 billion have no access to clean water; three billion have no access to sanitation and two billion have no access to electricity. Liberalism has actually been the cause of the wealth disparities in the world and the poverty the majority of the world’s people face. Liberalism has resulted in the Western world feeding off the remainder of the world. Liberalism has in no way helped alleviate poverty, it actually contributed to it, and hence any continuation of liberal economic policies in the third world will result in the poor getting even poorer.
Liberalism ya kuma haifar da gibi mai girma na arziki a Yammacin duniya, kuma ana iya ganin hakan idan aka duba Amurka da Birtaniya kawai. Birtaniya misali ta samar da arziki (GDP) na fam tiriliyan 2.2 a shekarar 2005, wanda ya karu daga shekarar da ta gabata, kuma ga masana tattalin arzikin masu sassaucin ra'ayi wannan na nufin mutane suna da karin arziki, suna da karin kudin kashewa, don haka dole ne su kasance cikin farin ciki. Sai dai idan muka duba yadda kashi 60
Liberalism has even created huge wealth disparities in the West and this can be seen by looking at just the US and the UK. The UK for example generated wealth (GDP) of £2.2 trillion in 2005, this was an increase from the previous year which for liberal economists means people have more wealth, have more to spend thus they must be happy. However, if we look at how much the 60
miliyan na al'ummar Birtaniya sun karɓi wani ɓangare na wannan dukiyar da aka samar. Alkaluman 2005 daga Hukumar Haraji da Kwastam ta Burtaniya (HM Revenue and Customs) sun nuna cewa kashi 10% mafi arziki suna da fiye da kashi 50% na dukiyar ƙasar, kuma kashi 40% na al'ummar Birtaniya sun raba kashi 5% kawai na wannan dukiyar. Wannan ya sa mafi yawan jama'a suka koma ga ciwo bashi don biyan salon rayuwarsu, kuma shi ya sa bashin masu amfani da kayayyaki a Birtaniya ya kai fiye da fam tiriliyan 1.3, fiye da girman tattalin arzikin ainihi. Yanayin Amurka ya fi muni: Amurka na iya samar da dala tiriliyan 13 a shekara a matsayin dukiya, amma bashin ƙasa dala tiriliyan 8.5 ne. Wannan yana nufin 'yan ƙasar Amurka suna biyan salon rayuwarsu da kuɗin da aka aro maimakon dala tiriliyan 13 da tattalin arzikin ya samar. A wani rahoto na Harvard na 2005 an lissafa cewa kashi 10% na al'umma suna mallakar kashi 71% na dukiya, kuma kashi 1% mafi arziki suna sarrafa kashi 40%. A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, kashi 40% na ƙasa suna mallakar ƙasa da kashi 1% na dukiyar ƙasar.
million population of the UK received of this generated wealth, 2005 statistics from HM Revenue and Customs show that the richest 10% have more then 50% of the nation’s wealth and that 40% of the British population shared in only 5% of this wealth. This has resulted in the majority of the population resorting to borrowing to fund their lifestyles and this is why UK consumer debt is more than £1.3 trillion, more than the actual economy. The US situation is even worse; the US may generate $13 trillion a year in wealth but national debt is $8.5 trillion. This means US citizens are funding their lifestyles by borrowed money rather than the $13 trillion the economy generated. In a 2005 Harvard report it was calculated that 10% of the population owned 71% of the wealth, and the top 1% controlled 40%. On the other hand, the bottom 40% owned less than 1% of the nation's wealth.
Saboda haka, 'yanci na tattalin arziki (liberalism) ya haifar da babban rashin daidaito a dukiya ko da a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, waɗanda suka rayu a ƙarƙashin kasuwanni masu 'yanci fiye da karni guda.
Hence liberalism has created an enormous wealth disparity even in the developed world who have lived under free markets for over a century.
Ƙasashen Yammacin duniya da kansu sun ci gaba ta hanyar manufofi gaba ɗaya sabanin abin da suke yadawa a yau. A cikin littafinsa mai muhimmanci, Kicking Away the Ladder (2003), Farfesa Ha Joon Chang na Jami'ar Cambridge ya rubuta ci gaban kowace ƙasa mai masana'antu, yana nuna cewa manufofin kare kayan cikin gida sun kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na dabarun ci gaba a kusan kowane hali. Tsarin ci gaba da wannan labari ya nuna ba shi ne haɓaka fa'idar kwatancen kasuwanci ba, a'a shi ne canja fa'idar kwatancen zuwa kayayyaki masu daraja mai girma ta hanyar karkatar da kasuwa da aka tsara da kyau. A game da Ingila da Amurka, waɗannan karkatar da kasuwa a da sun zo ne ta hanyar mulkin mallaka da bauta. Amma karkatar da kasuwa na ci gaba da wanzuwa a Amurka a yau ta hanyar tallafin noma da na ƙarfe, ba ma maganar kuɗaɗen gwamnati masu yawa da ake kashewa kan fasahar halittu da tsaro, waɗanda a mafi yawan lokuta suke aiki a matsayin tallafi ga waɗannan fannoni.
The Western world themselves developed with policies completely opposite to what they are propagating today. In his groundbreaking work, Kicking Away the Ladder (2003), Professor Ha Joon Chang of Cambridge University documented the development of every industrialised country, showing that protectionist policies were a fundamental part of development strategy in almost every case. The process of development that emerges from this story is not maximizing comparative advantage but rather shifting comparative advantage to high value goods through calculated market distortions. In the case of the UK and the United States, those market distortions originally came in the form of colonialism and slavery. But market distortions continue in the US today in the form of agriculture and steel subsidies, not to mention the tremendous government spending on biotechnology and defence, which largely serves as a subsidy for those sectors.
Saboda haka, 'yanci ba shi ne mafita ga ci gaba a ƙasashen duniya ta uku ba, sai dai cikas gare shi. Shi ne kai tsaye sanadin talauci a ƙasashen duniya ta uku.
Hence liberalism is the obstacle for development in the third world not the solution. It is the direct cause of poverty for the third world.
Reference: Tatsuniyoyi na Siyasar Duniya - Adnan Khan