Kalmar "globalisation" (duniyanci) an fara amfani da ita ne a lokacin da ake bayyana ayyukan manyan kamfanonin Amurka a tsakiyar shekarun 1990. Ƙarshen yaƙin cacar-baki ya jefa Amurka cikin wani hali mai wahala; tseren makamai da Tarayyar Soviet ya haifar ya sa ƙungiyoyin kuɗi suka zuba kuɗaɗe a Amurka, wanda hakan ya sa dalar Amurka ta yi tsada, kuma wannan ya sa yanayin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje ga kamfanonin ƙasa-da-ƙasa na Amurka ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Kamfanonin Amurka sun ga ya yi musu tsada su kiyaye matsayinsu na gasa a ƙasashen waje, tun da yin kayayyakin a gida yana kashe su kuɗi mai yawa.

The first time the word globalisation was used was in describing the activities of the large American companies during the mid-1990s. The end of the cold war put the US in a conundrum; the arms race with the USSR resulted in financial circles pouring money into the US resulting in an expensive dollar which in turn made the climate for US multi-nationals to export their goods virtually impossible. US Companies found it too expensive to maintain a competitive position overseas when it was costing them so much making the products at home.

Saboda haka dole aka nemo kasuwanni na ƙasashen waje masu arha. Kafa wuraren samar da kayayyaki a wata ƙasa ta waje ta hanyar amfani da ma'aikata masu arha, tare da ƙarancin dokokin aiki da cin zarafi a fili, aka kira wannan duniyantar da tattalin arziki (globalisation).

Hence cheaper foreign markets had to be found. The setting up of production facilities in a foreign country making use of the cheap labour, with very little labour laws and outright abuse was termed globalisation.

Ƙasar farko da aka fara sanya mata tsarin dunƙulewar duniya (globalisation) ita ce Rasha da abin da ya rage mata bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. Faɗuwar gurguzu a shekarar 1990 da watsewar Tarayyar Soviet sun zama wata dama mai kyau ga cibiyoyin jari-hujja na mayar da babban tattalin arziƙin da ke ƙarƙashin iko na tsakiya zuwa wanda ke bin kasuwa. Jimlar dala biliyan 129 ta shiga Rasha, yayin da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF) da Bankin Duniya (World Bank) suka aiwatar da wasu daga cikin shirye-shiryen ci gabansu. An buɗe tattalin arziƙin Rasha ga jarin ƙasashen waje, aka kuma sayar da masana'antu ga baƙi, lamarin da ya bar ƙasar cikin rauni ga sauye-sauyen farashin kasuwannin duniya. A shekarar 1997, saboda asarar amincewa ga Rasha, masu hasashe suka fara janye kuɗaɗensu, kuma Rasha ta kasa kare kanta, domin sassaucin tattalin arziƙi yana buƙatar kada a sami wani takura kan motsin jari. Rikicin ya ƙara yawan talauci daga mutum miliyan 2 zuwa miliyan 60, wato karuwar kashi 3000%. Asusun Kula da Yara na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ya lura cewa hakan ya haifar da mutuwar ƙarin mutane 500,000 a kowace shekara. Rasha misali ne bayyananne cewa dunƙulewar duniya ta ba da dama kai tsaye ga rikicin ya kai kololuwar da ya kai.

The first nation to be given the globalisation treatment was Russia and what was left of it after the collapse of the USSR. The fall of communism in 1990 and the break-up of the Soviet Union represented a wonderful opportunity for capitalist institutes to transform a huge centralist economy to one that was market orientated. A total of $129 billion poured into Russia with the IMF and the World Bank implementing a number of its development schemes. The Russian economy was opened to foreign investment and industry was sold to foreigners leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. In 1997, due to a loss on confidence in Russia, speculators began to withdraw their money and Russia was unable to defend itself as liberalisation required there to be no restrictions on capital flows. The crisis raised poverty from 2 million to 60 million, a 3000% increase. UNICEF noted that this resulted in 500,000 ‘extra’ deaths per year. Russia is a clear example that globalisation directly allowed the crisis to reach the peak it did.

Duniyar yau ta hanyar hadewa (globalisation) a zahiri ita ce babbar ƙasa mai ƙarfi tana matsa lamba ga manufofi daban-daban da ke nufin cinikayya cikin 'yanci, wanda a gaskiya ci gaba ne na hanyoyin mercantilism da aka gani a tsawon tarihi. Amurka ta ballo daga mulkin mallakar Birtaniya a shekarar 1776, tana fahimtar rashin adalci da tsauri da manufofin Daular Birtaniya suka ɗauka. Duk da haka, Amurka yanzu ta ɗauki wannan matsayi kuma tana yin irin abubuwan da Birtaniya ta taɓa yi wa wasu. Jim kaɗan bayan Yakin 1812, wanda aka yi don kayar da hanyoyin cinikayya na mercantilism na Birtaniya, ɗan siyasar Amurka Henry Clay ya nuna wajibcin Amurka ta gina ƙarfin kariya, yana ambaton wani shugaban Birtaniya: "Al'ummai sun sani, kamar yadda [mu kanmu] muka sani, abin da muke nufi da 'cinikayya cikin 'yanci' ba komai ba ne face, ta hanyar babbar fa'idar da muke da ita, samun iko kaɗai a kan dukan kasuwannin su don kayayyakin masana'antarmu, da hana su, baki ɗaya, zama ƙasashen masana'anta har abada."25

Globalisation today in reality is the superpower pushing for various policies that imply free trade which is in fact a continuation of mercantilist processes seen throughout history. The US broke away from British colonial rule in 1776, recognising the unfairness and harshness in Imperial Britain’s policies. However, the US has now taken on that role and is doing the same things that the British once did to others. Shortly after the War of 1812 that was fought to defeat British mercantilist trade practices, US statesman Henry Clay pointed to the necessity of the United States developing a defensive capability by quoting a British leader, ‘Nations knew, as well as [ourselves], what we meant by “free trade” was nothing more nor less than, by means of the great advantage we enjoyed, to get a monopoly of all their markets for our manufactures, and to prevent them, one and all, from ever becoming manufacturing nations.’25

Zamanin Reagan da Thatcher musamman, an tura cinikayya cikin 'yanci zuwa mafi yawan sassan duniya a ƙarƙashin sunan duniyantar da tattalin arziki. An yi kusan tsangwama ga duk abin da gwamnati ke mallaka, kuma an ƙarfafa mayar da duk abin da jama'a ke mallaka zuwa hannun masu zaman kansu, har ma da amfani da ƙarfin soja idan an buƙata.

The Reagan and Thatcher era in particular, saw free trade pushed to most parts of the globe under the guise of globalisation. Almost demonising anything that was state owned, and encouraging the privatisation of anything that was owned by the public, using military intervention if needed.

Manufofin daidaita tsari an yi amfani da su don buɗe tattalin arzikin ƙasashe matalauta domin manyan kamfanoni daga ƙasashe masu arziki su mallaki ko su sami damar samun albarkatu da yawa cikin arha.

Structural adjustment policies were used to open up economies of poorer countries so that big businesses from the rich countries could own or access many resources cheaply.

Dunƙulewar duniya (globalisation) tana da tarihin gazawa. A cikin binciken da ya fi cikakken tsari kan talauci zuwa yanzu, mai suna Scorecard on Globalization 1980-2000, Mark Weisbrot, Dean Baker da wasu masu bincike a Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin Jama'a (Centre for Economic and Policy Research) sun rubuta cewa ci gaban tattalin arziki da yawan ci gaban tsawon rayuwa, rage mutuwar yara, matakin ilimi da iya karatu duk sun ragu a zamanin dunƙulewar duniya (1980-2000) idan aka kwatanta da shekarun 1960-1980. Daga 1960 zuwa 1980 ƙasashe da yawa sun riƙe manufofin kariya (protectionist) don kare tattalin arzikinsu daga kasuwar duniya, don renon masana'antunsu na cikin gida da ba su damar zama masu gasa. Waɗannan manufofi ne iri ɗaya da wadatar tattalin arzikin Amurka ta dogara a kansu.

Globalisation has a track record of failure. In perhaps the most comprehensive study of poverty to date, Scorecard on Globalization 1980-2000, Mark Weisbrot, Dean Baker and other researchers at the Centre for Economic and Policy Research documented that economic growth and rates of improvement in life expectancy, child mortality, education levels and literacy all have declined in the era of globalization (1980-2000) compared to the years 1960-1980. From 1960-1980 many countries maintained protectionist policies to insulate their economies from the international market to nurture their domestic industries and allow them to become competitive. Those policies are the same ones on which US economic prosperity was built.