Sauyin yanayi fanni ne muhimmi a kimiyya. Sai dai, kamar sauran kimiyyoyi, ba kimiyya ce ta tabbatacciyar ilimi ba. Fahimtar ilimin yanayi na ci gaba da canzawa koyaushe. Sauyin yanayi ba sabon abu ba ne; an kasance da sauyin yanayi koyaushe, kuma za a ci gaba da samun sauyin yanayi koyaushe. Zamanin da ake kira Zamanin Kankara, wanda lokaci ne mai tsawo na raguwar yanayin zafi a duniya, misali ne na wannan.

Climatic change is an important field of study in science. However, as with all sciences, it is not an exact science. The understanding of the climatic sciences is always changing. Climate change is not new, there has always been climate change, and there will always be climate change. The period known as the Ice Age, which was a long-term period of reduction in global temperatures is an example of this.

Dumamar duniya da sauyin yanayi suna nufin karuwar matsakaicin zafin duniya. Ana ganin cewa abubuwan da ke faruwa a halitta da ayyukan ɗan adam suna taimakawa wajen karuwar matsakaicin zafin duniya – wannan shi ne fannin da ake matukar muhawara a kai yanzu. Wannan yana faruwa ne musamman saboda karuwar tasirin iskar gas mai gurbata yanayi, wato karuwar zafi a doron ƙasa yayin da wasu iskar gas da ke cikin sararin samaniya ke kama makamashi, kamar Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Wannan lokacin ɗumamar yanayi na baya-bayan nan ya kuma zo daidai da Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu, wanda ya ga mafi girman fitar CO2 da ɗan adam ke haifarwa, lamarin da ya sa mutane da yawa, kamar Al Gore, suka kwatanta karuwar matakin CO2 da karuwar zafi, suka kai ga ƙarshe cewa karuwar CO2 a sararin duniya ita ce babban abin da ya haifar da karuwar zafi. Alakar CO2 da zafi ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babban dalilin dumamar duniya, sai dai wannan ra'ayi ba shi da tabbaci gaba ɗaya, kuma akwai matsaloli da dama game da samfuran da aka yi amfani da su wajen wannan ƙarshe.

Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to the increase in average global temperatures – this is the area of current considerable debate. This is caused primarily by increases in the greenhouse which is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). This latest warming period has also coincided with the Industrial Revolution, which saw the greatest output of human induced CO2, leading many, like Al Gore, to compare the rise in CO2 levels with the rise in temperatures, drawing a conclusion that the rise in CO2 in the earth’s atmosphere was the determining factor in the rise in temperatures. The CO2-temperature connection is considered the dominant cause for global warming, however this view is not conclusive and there is a number of issues with the samples used for this conclusion.

Kowace 'yan shekaru, manyan masana yanayi a Hukumar Kula da Sauyin Yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (IPCC) sun fitar da manyan rahotanni da ke bayyana ci gaban da aka samu wajen fahimtar sauyin yanayi. Tun farko suka ba da shawarar a rage fitar da hayaki. Wannan hukuma ta ƙunshi ɗaruruwan masana yanayi daga sassan duniya. A farkon Janairu 2007, rahoton IPCC na huɗu ya taƙaita cewa sun fi tabbatar da sauyin yanayin da ɗan adam ke haifarwa fiye da yadda suke a baya, saboda ingantacciyar fahimtar kimiyya; 'Fahimtar tasirin ɗumamar yanayi da sanyaya yanayi da ɗan adam ke haifarwa ga yanayi ta inganta tun daga Rahoton Kimantawa na Uku (TAR), wanda ya kai ga matuƙar yarda cewa jimillar tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam tun 1750 ta kasance ɗumamar yanayi.' Ma'anarsu ta "matuƙar yarda" da "mai yiwuwa ƙwarai" ita ce kashi 90 cikin 100 na yiwuwar daidaito (rahotonsu na 2001 ya ce kashi 66 cikin 100 ne).

Every few years, leading climate scientists at the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have released major reports detailing the progress in understanding climate change. From the outset they have recommended that there be emission reductions. This body is comprised of hundreds of climate scientists from around the world. At the beginning of January 2007, the IPCC’s fourth major report summarised that they were even more certain than before of human-induced climate change because of better scientific understanding; ‘The understanding of anthropogenic warming and cooling influences on climate has improved since the Third Assessment Report (TAR), leading to very high confidence that the globally averaged net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming.’ Their definition of “very high confidence” and “very likely” is a 90% chance of being correct (their 2001 report claimed a 66% certainty).

A cikin hayakin da aka fitar tun farko, ƙasashen masana'antu suna da kusan kashi 80% na tarin carbon dioxide da ya taru a sararin samaniya zuwa yanzu. Tun shekara ta 1950, Amurka ta fitar da jimillar kusan tan biliyan 50.7 na carbon, yayin da China (wacce ta fi Amurka yawan jama'a sau 4.6)

In terms of historical emissions, industrialised countries account for around 80% of the carbon dioxide build-up in the atmosphere to date. Since 1950, the US has emitted a cumulative total of roughly 50.7 billion tons of carbon, while China (4.6 times more populous)

da Indiya (wacce ta fi ƙasar sau 3.5 yawan jama'a) sun fitar da tan biliyan 15.7 da tan biliyan 4.2 bi da bi. A kowace shekara, sama da kashi 60% na iskar carbon dioxide da masana'antu ke fitarwa a duniya na fitowa daga ƙasashen masana'antu, inda kusan kashi 20% kawai na al'ummar duniya ke zaune.

and India (3.5 times more populous) have emitted only 15.7 and 4.2 billion tons respectively. Annually, more than 60% of global industrial carbon dioxide emissions originate in industrialized countries, where only about 20% of the world’s population resides.

Yawancin karuwar hayakin da ake fitarwa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ta samo asali ne daga saurin masana'antu tun zamanin juyin juya halin masana'antu. Amurka, mai tattalin arziƙin da ya kai dala tiriliyan 14, ita ce ƙasa mafi gurɓata muhalli a duniya, kuma ta zama cikas ga duk wata yarjejeniya kan manufofin rage hayaki. Rage hayaki zai nufi cewa masana'antu a Yamma za su samar da ƙasa da abin da suke samarwa a yanzu, wanda hakan zai sa tattalin arziƙin Yamma ya yi raguwa maimakon ci gaba. Rage amfani ana ɗaukarsa 'Shirk' a cikin Jari-hujja. Haka kuma, yawan amfani da man fetur a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ya yi matuƙar yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran duniya. Lalacewar albarkatun da ba sa sabuntawa da lalata muhalli, galibi, sakamakon yadda Amurka ke amfani da abubuwa ne. Amfanin Amurka da man fetur ya zarce sau biyar na matsakaicin amfanin duniya.

Much of the growth in emissions in the developed world stem from rapid industrialisation from the industrial revolution era. The US with its $14 trillion economy is the world’s largest polluter and has acted as an obstacle to any agreement on emission reduction targets. Reducing emissions would mean industry in the West would need to produce less – this would lead to economies in the West shrinking rather than growing. To reduce consumption is considered ‘Shirk’ in Capitalism. By the same token, the rate of consumption of fossil fuels in developed countries is also extremely high relative to the rest of the world. The depletion of nonrenewable resources and environmental destruction is primarily caused by the consumption patterns of the US. US consumption of fossil fuels is well over five times the global average.