17 Kujadiliana na Mayahudi na Wakristo
17 Debating the Jews and the Christians
Wasiokuwa Waislamu walitambua ndani ya kipindi kifupi nguvu na uwezo wa Waislamu. Walitambua kwamba nguvu yao ilikuwa imejikita sana katika nyoyo ambazo kamwe hazikukosa kujitolea kwa ajili ya Uislamu, nyoyo zilizostahimili aina zote za maumivu na mateso, nyoyo ambazo daima zilikuwa tayari kutoa hata uhai wao kwa ajili ya Uislamu. Huko Madina walikuwa wakifurahia Dini yao na kutekeleza sheria zake, Dini iliyokuwa ikifika kwenye kilele kipya kila siku, huku Waislamu wakihisi utulivu na furaha ya kweli.
The non-Muslims became aware of the strength and power of the Muslims within a short period of time. They realized that their strength was deeply rooted in hearts never short of sacrifice in the way of Islam, hearts that endured all types of pain and persecution, hearts that were always ready to give up life itself for Islam. There they were in Madinah enjoying their Deen and implementing its rules, a Deen that was reaching new heights each day with the Muslims feeling true contentment and happiness.
Maadui wa Uislamu hawakuweza kuvumilia hili, na dalili za chuki zikaanza kujidhihirisha waziwazi kwa Mayahudi walioishi jirani. Hofu yao iliongezeka, wakaanza kufikiri upya na kutafakari msimamo wao kuhusu Muhammad ﷺ na Maswahaba wake, sasa kwa kuwa Waislamu walikuwa wanazidi kuwa imara bila kutikisika, na watu wengi walikuwa wakiitikia wito wa Uislamu. Mayahudi walikasirishwa na wale miongoni mwao waliosilimu. Waliogopa kwamba Uislamu ungepenya safu zao na kuenea miongoni mwao, hivyo wakaushambulia Uislamu, imani zake na sheria zake. Mabishano makali na vita vya kisaikolojia vikazuka kati ya Waislamu na Mayahudi, na mzozo huu ulikuja kuwa mkali zaidi kuliko ule ambao Waislamu walikuwa wamelazimika kuuvumilia kutoka kwa Maquraishi huko Makka.
The enemies of Islam could not digest this, and signs of revulsion began to outwardly manifest themselves in the neighboring Jews. Their fears grew and they began to rethink and reconsider their position towards Muhammad (pbuh) and his Sahabah now that the Muslims were becoming unshakable and many people were responding to the call of Islam. The Jews were enraged by those amongst them who converted to Islam. They feared that Islam would infiltrate their ranks and spread among them and so they attacked Islam, its beliefs and rules. Heated argument and a war of nerves ensued between the Muslims and Jews, this was to develop into a much fiercer dispute than the Muslims had to endure with the Quraysh in Makkah.
Njama, unafiki na ujuzi wao wa siri kuhusu Mitume na Manabii wa zamani ndio silaha kuu waliyotumia Mayahudi katika vita vyao vya kifikra dhidi ya Muhammad ﷺ na Masahaba wake. Baadhi ya marabi wao walijifanya kuukubali Uislamu, wakaketi pamoja na Waislamu na kuonyesha ucha Mungu wa uongo. Baada ya muda mfupi walianza kuonyesha dalili za shaka na kutokuwa na uhakika, kwa kumuuliza Muhammad ﷺ maswali wakitumaini kuutikisa imani ya Waislamu katika ‘Aqeedah yao na katika Ujumbe wa Haki ambao Uislamu unausimamia.
Conspiracy, hypocrisy and their furtive knowledge of the former Prophets and Messengers were the main weapons used by the Jews in their intellectual war against Muhammad (pbuh) and his Sahabah. Some of their rabbis pretended to embrace Islam, sat with the Muslims and faked their piety. Soon they were to show signs of doubt and uncertainty by asking Muhammad (pbuh) questions in the hope of shaking the conviction of the Muslims in their ‘Aqeedah and the Message of Truth which Islam stood for.
Mayahudi waliungana na kundi la watu wa Aus na Khazraj ambao waliingia Uislamu kinafiki, kwa lengo la kuleta uadui na mkanganyiko miongoni mwa Waislamu. Mabishano kati ya Mayahudi na Waislamu wakati mwingine yaligeuka kuwa mapigano ya kimwili, licha ya ahadi iliyokuwepo baina yao.
The Jews were joined by a group of the ‘Aus and Khazraj who embraced Islam hypocritically in the hope of causing animosity and confusion amongst the Muslims. The argument between the Jews and Muslims turned into physi- cal confrontation at times despite the oath between them.
Mfano wa wazi wa ukaidi na chuki ya Kiyahudi ulidhihirika katika kukasirika kwa Abu Bakr siku moja, huku ikikumbukwa kwamba Abu Bakr alikuwa mtu aliyejulikana kwa hekima, subira na tabia tulivu. Imepokewa kwamba Abu Bakr alimwita Myahudi aliyeitwa Finhas amche Allah na kuukubali Uislamu.
A vivid example of the Jewish stubbornness and hatred was reflected in Abu Bakr’s loss of temper on one occasion, bearing in mind that Abu Bakr was a man noted for his wisdom, patience and calm character. It is reported that Abu Bakr called on a Jew named Finhas to fear Allah and embrace Islam.
Finhas alijibu, "Sisi si maskini mbele ya Mwenyezi Mungu, lakini Yeye hujishusha kwetu; sisi hatumhitaji Yeye, lakini Yeye ananihitaji sisi. Kama Yeye angekuwa hana haja nasi asingetuomba tumkopeshe fedha zetu, kama nabii wenu anavyodai, akiwakataza nyinyi kuchukua riba na kuturuhusu sisi kuchukua. Kama Yeye angekuwa hana haja nasi asingetupa riba." Finhas alikuwa akimrejelea kauli ya Mwenyezi Mungu:
Finhas replied, “We are not poor compared to Allah but He humbles Himself to us; we are independent of Him while He needs us. Were He independent of us He would not ask us to lend Him our money as your prophet pretends, prohibiting you to take interest and allowing us to. Had He been independent of us He would not have given us interest.” Finhas was referring to Allah’s I saying,
"Ni nani atakayemkopesha Allah mkopo mzuri ili amzidishie mara nyingi?" [Al-Baqarah, 2:245].
“Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that He may give it increase manifold?” [Al-Baqarah, 2:245].
Abu Bakr hakuweza kudhibiti hasira yake, na alikasirika sana hata akampiga Finhas usoni, akasema: "Naapa kwa Yule ambaye maisha yangu yako mikononi mwake, lau si mkataba uliopo kati yetu, ningekukata kichwa, ewe adui wa Allah!"
Abu Bakr could not control his anger, and was so enraged that he hit Finhas in the face and said, “By Him in whose hands my destiny rests, were it not for the treaty between us, I would cut off your head, you enemy of Allah!”.
Mjadala kati ya Waislamu na Mayahudi ulizidi kuwa mkali na uliendelea kwa muda mrefu. Wakati huo, takriban wapanda farasi sitini Wakristo kutoka Najran walifika Madinah. Pengine walikuwa wamesikia kuhusu chuki iliyokuwepo kati ya Mayahudi na Waislamu, na walitumaini kwamba mpasuko huo ungezidi kuongezeka ili Ukristo uweze kutawala na kujiondoa kutoka kwenye dini zote mbili, ambazo, kwa mujibu wa madai yao, zote zilikuwa zikipinga ukuu wake. Kundi hili la Wakristo lilikuwa likiwasiliana na Waislamu na Mayahudi wote wawili.
The argument between the Muslims and Jews became very heated and went on for quite sometime. Meanwhile, about sixty Christian riders from Najran arrived in Madinah. They must have heard about the animosity between the Jews and Muslims and hoped that the rift would deepen so that Christianity could come to reign and rid itself from both religions, which were both challenging it for supremacy according to their claims. This group of Christians were in touch with both the Muslims and the Jews.
Mtume wa Allah ﷺ aliwaona wao pamoja na Mayahudi kuwa ni "Watu wa Kitabu," akawaalika wote wawili kuingia Uislamu. Akawasomea kauli ya Allah (SWT):
Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) regarded them, together with the Jews, as ‘People of the Book’ and invited them both to Islam. He (pbuh) recited to them Allah’s I saying,
Sema (Ee Muhammad ﷺ): “Enyi watu wa Kitabu (Mayahudi na Wakristo): Njoni kwenye neno lililo la haki baina yetu na ninyi, kwamba hatumwabudu yeyote isipokuwa Allah, wala hatumshirikishi Yeye chochote, na kwamba hakuna miongoni mwetu atakayewafanya wengine kuwa miungu badala ya Allah.” Kisha, wakikataa, semeni: “Shuhudieni kwamba sisi ni Waislamu.” [Al-Imran, 3:64].
“Say (O Muhammad): “O people of the scripture (Jews and Christians) : Come to a word that is just between us and you, That we worship none but Allah, and we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: “Bear witness that we are Muslims.” [Al-Imran, 3:64].
Wayahudi na Wakristo walimuuliza (Mtume ﷺ) kuhusu Manabii aliowaamini, naye akawasomea kauli ya Allah:
The Jews and the Christians asked him (pbuh) about the Prophets he believed in and he recited to them Allah’s saying,
Sema: "Tunamwamini Allah na yale yaliyoteremshwa kwetu, na yale yaliyoteremshwa kwa Ibrahim, Isma'il, Isaka, Yakobo, na kwa Al-Asbat (wana kumi na wawili wa Yakobo), na yale aliyopewa Musa na Isa, na yale waliyopewa Manabii kutoka kwa Mola wao. Hatubagui kati ya yeyote miongoni mwao, nasi kwake Yeye tumejisalimisha (katika Uislamu)" {Al-Baqara, 2:136}.
“Say, “We believe in Allah and that which has been sent down to us and that which has been sent down to Ibrahim, Isma’eel, Isaac, Jacob, and to Al-Asbat (twelve sons of Jacob), and that which has been given to Moses and Jesus, and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam)” [Al-Baqarah, 2:136].
Hawakuwa na jibu lolote zaidi la kumjibu. Nyoyo zao zingeukubali ushahidi na Haki ingedhihirika, lakini hawakuamini kwa sababu ya ukaidi. Mayahudi na Wakristo waliogopa nafasi zao, sifa zao na hadhi yao, na baadhi yao hata walikiri hili. Imesimuliwa kwamba Abu Harithah, mmoja wa ujumbe wa Wakristo kutoka Najran na mmoja wa wanazuoni wao wenye elimu kubwa zaidi, alimkiri rafiki yake kwamba alishawishika na yale aliyoyasema Muhammad ﷺ. Rafiki yake alipomuuliza ni nini kilichomzuia kuamini, alijibu: "Jinsi watu hawa (Warumi au Wabyzantine) walivyotutendea. Wametupa vyeo, wametulipa ruzuku, na kutuheshimu. Lakini wao wanampinga kabisa, na nikimkubali yeye, watatunyang'anya kila kitu unachokiona." Hili lilithibitisha kwamba kilichowazuia kuamini kweli ni ukaidi, inat, na maslahi binafsi ya ubinafsi na ya kitaifa. Kisha Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ aliwaalika Wakristo kuapizana laana ya pamoja ikiwa wangepinga, na akawasomea kauli ya Allah:
They could find nothing more to say to him. Their hearts would accept the evidence and the Truth was revealed, but they would not believe out of Debating the Jews and Christians fear for their positions, reputation and status, some of them in fact admitted this. It has been narrated that Abu Harithah, an individual from one of the Christian delegations from Najran and one of the most knowledgeable scholars, confessed to a friend that he was convinced by what Muhammad (pbuh) had said, and when his friend asked him what prevented him from believing, he replied, “The way these people (the Romans or Byzantines) treated us. They have given us titles, paid us subsidies, and honored us. But they are absolutely opposed to him, and if I were to accept him they would take from us all that you see.” This proved that what prevented them from true belief was pig-headedness, stubbornness, selfish and petty personal benefit and interest. Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) invited the Christians to a mutual invocation of a curse if they opposed him and he read to them Allah’s saying,
“Basi atakayehojiana nawe kumhusu (Yesu) baada ya elimu hii kukufikia, sema: “Njooni, tuwaite wana wetu na wenu, wanawake wetu na wenu, sisi wenyewe na nyinyi wenyewe - kisha tuombe na tumwombe Laana ya Allah iwashukie wale wanaosema uongo.” [Al-Imran, 3:61].
“Then whoever disputes with you concerning him (Jesus) after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, Say: “Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves - then we pray and invoke the Curse of Allah upon those who lie.” [Al-Imran, 3:61].
Walifanya shauri baina yao, kisha wakatangaza kwamba wameamua kutotumia laana, na kumwacha yeye ﷺ kwa dini yake, huku wao wakirudi kwa dini yao. Pia waliomba atume mtu ambaye angemwamini ili aamue baina yao katika mambo fulani ya fedha yaliyokuwa yakibishaniwa miongoni mwao. Basi Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alimtuma Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah awahukumu baina yao kulingana na Uislamu.
They took council among themselves after which they declared that they had decided not to resort to cursing and to leave him (pbuh) to his Deen while they would return to theirs. In addition to this they asked him to send a man whom he (pbuh) could trust to decide between them in certain financial matters in dispute among them. So the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah to judge between them according to Islam.
Nguvu ya Da'wah ya Kiislamu, nguvu ya imani ya Kiislamu, na nguvu ya hoja iliyotokana na Haki, vilifanikiwa kuvishinda hoja zote zilizotolewa na wanafiki, Mayahudi na Wakristo. Dhana zao zisizo za Kiislamu zilitoweka upesi, na Uislamu pekee ukabaki kuwa itikadi kuu na sahihi kwa asili yake, huku watu wakiendelea kujadili hukumu zake na kuwaalika wengine kwake. Uislamu ulijikita kwa kina, na bendera yake ikafunika mambo yote ya kiitikadi na ya kiutawala. Hata hivyo, nyoyo za wanafiki na Mayahudi zilibaki zimeelekezwa kwenye chuki dhidi ya Waislamu, zikiwaonea wivu na kuwadharau zaidi na zaidi. Pamoja na hayo, mamlaka ya Uislamu huko Madinah, pamoja na utulivu na msingi imara wa jamii ya Kiislamu, vilitawala kila kitu. Misafara mbalimbali na maonyesho ya nguvu aliyoyaonyesha Waislamu yalifanikiwa kuzinyamazisha akili zote zenye maradhi. Neno la Allah (SWT) likatawala juu ya yote, na maadui wa Uislamu wakalazimika kunyamaza na kujisalimisha chini ya mamlaka ya Uislamu.
The force of the Islamic Da’wah, the power of the Islamic belief and the strength of argument emanating as it did from the Truth managed to defeat all the arguments raised by the hypocrites, the Jews and the Christians. Their non-Islamic concepts soon vanished and only Islam remained as the overriding and inherently correct ideology, with people now continuously discussing its rules and inviting others to it. Islam became deeply rooted and its banner engulfed all ideological and ruling matters. However, the hearts of the hypocrites and the Jews remained bent on hatred towards the Muslims, begrudging and despising them all the more. Nevertheless, the authority of Islam in Madinah and the stability and solid foundation of the Islamic society dominated everything. The various expeditions and the show of strength displayed by the Muslims effectively managed to silence all sick minds. The Word of Allah (swt) reigned supreme and the enemies of Islam were forced to remain quiet and to submit to the authority of Islam.