27 Vita vya Hunayn - Ukhalifa wa Kiislamu | Quran Course

27 Vita vya Hunayn - Ukhalifa wa Kiislamu | Quran Course

Baada ya siku chache, Waislamu walionekana. Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ alikuwa ametembea pamoja na Waquraishi elfu mbili na wanaume wengine elfu kumi kutoka jeshi lililokuwa limeingia Makkah. Jeshi hili kubwa lilielekea uwanja wa vita na kufika Hunayn jioni, ambako lilipumzika hadi karibu na alfajiri. Kisha likaingia bondeni wakati wa mapambazuko. Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ alikuwa amepanda nyumbu wake mweupe nyuma ya jeshi walipoingia bondeni, wakati vikosi vya adui vilipowashambulia kwa amri ya kamanda wao. Walinyesha mikuki juu ya Waislamu, na katikati ya giza Waislamu walishtuka kwa shambulio hilo la ghafla. Mikuki ilipowapiga kutoka kila upande, Waislamu walivunjika na kukimbia kwa hofu, bila mmoja kumjali mwenzake. Walipita karibu na Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ bila kusimama na waliendelea kukimbia kwa wingi. Ni al-‘Abbas na Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ pekee waliobaki uwanjani. Kwa upande wa jeshi lililobaki, walikuwa kama wameshindwa na walikuwa wakikimbia kuokoa maisha yao. Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu ﷺ alisimama pale alipokuwa, amezungukwa na kundi dogo la Ansaar, Muhajirina na jamaa zake, akawaita watu: "Mnakwenda wapi enyi watu?" Lakini watu hawakuweza kusikia wito wake; waliendelea kukimbia bila kugeuka, wakiogopa kifo wakati wote. Hawazin na Thaqif waliwafuatia na kuwaua popote walipowafikia.

After a few days the Muslims appeared. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had marched with two thousand Makkans and another ten thousand men from the army which had entered Makkah. This formidable force marched towards the battlefield and reached Hunayn in the evening, where they rested until just before dawn. Then they moved on into the valley during the twilight. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was riding his white mule at the rear of the army as they entered the valley when the enemy squadrons attacked, following the order of his commander. They showered the Muslims with spears, and amidst the darkness the Muslims were stunned by the sudden surprise attack. As the spears hit them from every direction, the Muslims broke and fled in terror, none heeding the other. They passed by the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) without stopping and continued running en masse. Only al-‘Abbas and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) were left on the battlefield. As for the rest of the army, they were as good as defeated and fleeing for their lives. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) stood where he was, surrounded by a small group of the Ansar, Muhajireen and his family, and he called to the people, “Where are you going O people?” But the people were unable to hear his call, they just continued running without turning back fearing death all the while. Hawazin and Thaqif chased them and killed them wherever they reached them.

Mtume wa Allah ﷺ aliacha ngawira na wafungwa huko al-Ji’ranah, kisha akauzingira mji wa Ta’if ambako Malik ibn ‘Auf alikuwa amepata hifadhi baada ya kushindwa kwake. Ta’if ilikuwa ya kabila la Thaqif. Mji huo ulijengwa kama ngome, na watu wake walikuwa wataalamu wa sanaa ya vita vya kuzingira. Pia walikuwa matajiri sana na walikuwa na akiba nyingi za chakula. Thaqif walikuwa wataalamu wa kurusha mishale, nao waliwamwagia mishale kundi la Waislamu walipojaribu kuukaribia mji, wakawaua. Ilikuwa vigumu sana kwa Waislamu kuvamia ngome, kwa hiyo badala yake waliweka kambi nje ya masafa ya mishale wakisubiri kuona atakachofanya Mtume wa Allah ﷺ. Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alitafuta msaada wa Banu Daus kushambulia Ta’if kwa mashine ya kurusha mawe, nao wakafika siku nne baada ya kuanza kwa kuzingira wakiwa na silaha zao. Sasa Waislamu walishambulia kwa mashine ya kurusha mawe, kisha wakatuma magari ya kivita yatambaae mbele kuukaribia ukuta wa mji ili kujaribu kuuchoma ukuta wa Ta’if. Walipokaribia, hata hivyo, walimwagiwa vipande vya chuma vilivyokuwa vimepashwa moto, ambavyo viliviunguza magari hayo na kuwalazimu Waislamu waliokuwa ndani kukimbia. Thaqif walitumia fursa hiyo kuwamwagia mishale Waislamu waliokuwa wakirudi nyuma, wakawaua wengi wao. Waislamu walishindwa kuvamia Ta’if moja kwa moja, kwa hiyo wakaamua kukata na kuchoma mashamba ya mizabibu kwa jitihada za kuwalazimisha Thaqif kujisalimisha. Thaqif hawakufanya hivyo, na hatimaye muda uliwaishia wale waliokuwa wakiuzingira Waislamu.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) left the spoils and the prisoners in al-Ji’ranah and besieged Ta’if where Malik ibn ‘Auf had gained sanctuary after his defeat. Ta’if belonged to the tribe of Thaqif. It was built like a fortress and its people were experts in the art of siege warfare. They were also extremely wealthy and had plenty of provisions. Thaqif were experts at archery and they showered a group of Muslims, as they attempted to advance on the city, killing them. It proved very difficult for the Muslims to storm the fort and they instead camped out of shooting range waiting to see what the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) would do. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sought the help of Banu Daus to bombard Ta’if with the catapult and they arrived four days after the siege had begun with their armaments. Now the Muslims attacked with the catapult and they sent out tanks to creep forward and make contact with the city walls in an attempt to burn down the wall of Ta’if. As they approached, however, they were showered with hot pieces of metal which burnt the tanks forcing the Muslim operators inside to flee. Thaqif seized the opportunity to shower the retreating Muslims with arrows, killing many of them. The Muslims failed to storm Ta’if directly so they resorted to cutting down and burning the vineyards in an attempt to force Thaqif to surrender. This Thaqif did not do and time finally ran out for the Muslim besiegers.

Hatimaye, watu waliogopa kwamba sehemu yao ya ngawira ingepungua ikiwa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ angeendelea kugawa ngawira kwa yeyote aliyemjia kutoka Hawazin. Waliomba kwamba ngawira igawanywe ili kila mmoja apate sehemu yake. Walinong'onezana kuhusu makubaliano hayo, na minong'ono yao ilimfikia Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ. Yeye ﷺ alichukua hadharani unywele mmoja kutoka nundu ya ngamia aliyekuwa karibu, akauinua kwa vidole vyake na kusema, "Enyi watu! Kwa Allah (SWT), hamna chochote isipokuwa sehemu ya tano ya nyara zenu, hata kwa unywele huu; na hiyo sehemu ya tano nitawarudishia. Basi yeyote aliyechukua chochote kwa udanganyifu, hata sindano, itakuwa aibu na moto na fedheha kubwa kwake yeye na familia yake Siku ya Kiyama." Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alichukua sehemu ya tano kwa ajili yake mwenyewe, akagawa iliyobaki miongoni mwa Masahaba wake. Kutoka sehemu yake, alitoa kwa wale ambao nyoyo zao zilitakiwa kuvutwa, wale waliokuwa maadui wake wakuu huko nyuma. Alimpa Abu Sufyan, mwanawe Mu'awiyah, al-Harith ibn al-Harith, al-Harith ibn al-Hisham, Suhayl ibn 'Amr, Huwaytib ibn 'Abd al-'Uzza, na viongozi wa makabila ngamia mia moja kila mmoja, zaidi ya sehemu yao ya ngawira. Aliwapa wengine, zaidi ya sehemu yao, ngamia hamsini kila mmoja.

Eventually, the people feared that their share of the spoils would diminish if Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) continued to give out the spoils to whoever came to him from Hawazin. They asked that the spoils be divided so that each could get his share. They murmured amongst themselves about these concessions and their murmuring reached the ears of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). He (pbuh) publicly removed a hair from the hump of a nearby camel and holding it aloft in his fingers said, “O People! By Allah (swt) have nothing but a fifth of your booty even to this hair, and the fifth I will return to you; so whoever took anything in dishonesty, even a needle, it will be a shame and a flame and an utter ignominy on him and his family on the Day of Resurrection.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) took a fifth of the share for himself and split the rest among his Sahabah. From his share he (pbuh) gave to those whose hearts were to be won over, those in the past who had been his arch enemies. He (pbuh) gave Abu Sufyan, his son Mu’awiyah, al-Harith ibn al-Harith, al-Harith ibn al-Hisham, Suhayl ibn ‘Amr, Huwaytib ibn ‘Abd al-‘Uzza and the leaders of the tribes one hundred camels each on top of their share of the booty. He (pbuh) gave others, in addition to their share, fifty camels each.

Katika kugawa ngawira, Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) alionyesha ukarimu mkubwa na msamaha. Pia alionyesha busara ya hali ya juu na ufahamu mkubwa wa kisiasa. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya Waislamu hawakutambua nia zilizo nyuma ya mikakati hii. Ansar, ambao hawakupewa chochote katika ngawira, walianza kunong'onezana wao kwa wao kuhusu matendo haya ya Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ). Kwa bahati mbaya, walichukulia jambo hilo moyoni. Mmoja wao alieleza hisia za pamoja za wengine kwa maneno, "Wallahi, Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) amekutana na watu wake mwenyewe." Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah alimwendea Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) na kumweleza yaliyotokea. Yeye (ﷺ) alimuuliza, "Wewe, Sa'd, unasimama wapi katika jambo hili?" Sa'd akajibu, "Nasimama pamoja na watu wangu." Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) alimwambia, "Basi wakusanye watu wako katika zizi hili." Wote waliohusika walipokusanyika, Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) aliwaambia hivi: "Ni nini hiki ninachosikia kutoka kwenu? Je, mnanidhania vibaya moyoni mwenu? Je, sikuja kwenu nilipokuwa mmepotea na Allah akawaongoza? Mlikuwa maskini na Allah akawafanya matajiri? Mlikuwa maadui na Allah akayalainisha mioyo yenu?" Wakajibu, "Ndiyo kweli, Allah na Mjumbe wake ni wenye huruma na ukarimu mkubwa." Akaendelea, "Kwa nini hamnijibu, enyi watu wa Ansar?" Wakasema, "Tutakujibuje, ee Mjumbe wa Allah? Huruma na ukarimu ni vya Allah na Mjumbe wake." Akasema, "Mngependa kusema, na mngesema kweli na mngeaminika - mlikuja kwetu mkiwa mmekataliwa na tuliwaamini; mmeachwa na tuliwasaidia; mlikuwa wakimbizi na tuliwapokea; mlikuwa maskini na tuliwafariji. Je, mmeingiwa na wasiwasi kwa sababu ya mambo mema ya maisha haya ambayo kwayo ninawavuta watu wengine wawe Waislamu, ilhali ninawakabidhi ninyi kwa Uislamu wenu? Je, hamridhiki kwamba watu waondoke na ng'ombe na kondoo, nanyi mrudi nyumbani na Mjumbe wa Allah?" Kwa yule ambaye nafsi ya Muhammad iko mikononi mwake, kama si hijra, ningekuwa mmoja wa Ansar mwenyewe. Lau watu wote wangeenda upande mmoja na Ansar upande mwingine, ningechukua njia ya Ansar. Ee Allah, rehemu Ansar, watoto wao, na watoto wa watoto wao.” Watu walilia hadi machozi yakatiririka kwenye ndevu zao, nao wakasema, “Tumeridhika na Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ kuwa fungu na sehemu yetu.”

In distributing the booty, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) showed a great deal of generosity and forgiveness. He (pbuh) also exhibited supreme shrewdness and political awareness. However, some of the Muslims did not realize the motives behind these maneuvers. The Ansar, who had been given nothing from the spoils, began to whisper among themselves about these actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Unfortunately, they took the matter to the heart. One of them summed up the collective feelings of the others with the words, “By Allah, the Messenger of Allah has met his own people.” Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah went to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and told him what had happened. He (pbuh) asked, “Where do you stand in this matter Sa’d ?” In reply Sa’d said, “I stand with my people.” Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) said to him, “Then gather your people to this enclosure.” When all concerned were assembled the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) addressed them so, “What is this I hear of you? Do you think ill of me in your hearts? Did I not come to you when you were erring and Allah guided you? Poor and Allah made you rich? Enemies and Allah softened your hearts?” They answered, “Yes indeed, Allah and His Messenger are most kind and generous.” He (pbuh) continued, “Why don’t you answer me O people of Ansar?” They said, “How shall we answer you O Messenger of Allah? Kindness and generosity belong to Allah and His Messenger.” He (pbuh) said, “Had you by Allah so wished you could have said - and you would have spoken the truth and have been believed - you came to us discredited and we believed you; deserted and we helped you; a fugitive and we took you in; poor and we comforted you. Are you disturbed in mind because of the good things of this life by which I win over a people that they may become Muslims while I entrust you to your Islam? Are you not satisfied that men should take away flocks and herds while you take back with you the Messenger of Allah? By him in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, but for the migration, I should be one of the Ansar myself. If all men went one way and the Ansar another I should take the way of the Ansar, O Allah, send Your mercy on the Ansar, their sons and their sons’ sons.” The people wept until the tears ran down their beards and they said, “We are satisfied with the Messenger of Allah as our lot and portion.”.