46 Wajibu Uliopuuzwa - Ukhalifa wa Kiislamu | Quran Course

46 Wajibu Uliopuuzwa - Ukhalifa wa Kiislamu | Quran Course

Kuhusu Sunnah, Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema: “Yeyote anayekufa bila kumjua Imam wa zama zake amekufa kifo cha Jahiliyyah.” Ahmad na al-Tabarani wameandika kutoka Hadith ya Mu’awiyah kwamba: Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema: “Yeyote atakayekufa wakati hana Ba’yah shingoni mwake, anakufa kifo cha Jahiliyyah.” Muslim ameripoti katika Sahih yake kwa mapokezi ya Ibn ‘Umar kwamba alisema: Nilimsikia Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ akisema: “Yeyote anayeondoa mkono wake kutoka kwenye utiifu kwa Allah atakutana Naye Siku ya Kiyama bila kuwa na hoja yoyote kwake, na yeyote atakayekufa wakati hana Ba’yah shingoni mwake, anakufa kifo cha Jahiliyyah.” Hisham ameripoti kwa mapokezi ya ‘Urwa, aliyeripoti kwa mapokezi ya Abu Salih, aliyeripoti kwa mapokezi ya Abu Hurayrah kwamba Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema: “Baada yangu watatokea viongozi watakaowaongoza; mcha Mungu ataongoza kwa uchaji wake, na mwovu ataongoza kwa uovu wake. Basi wasikilizeni na watiini katika kila jambo linalolingana na haki. Wakitenda vema, ni kwa manufaa yenu; na wakitenda vibaya, hilo litahesabiwa kwao wao na si kwenu.”

As for the Sunnah, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “He who died not knowing the Imam of his time has died a death of Jahiliyyah.” Ahmed and al- Tabarani extracted from the Hadeeth of Mu’awiyah the following: The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Whoso dies while there was no Ba’yah on his neck dies a death of Jahiliyyah.” Muslim reported in his Sahih on the authority of Ibn ‘Umar that he said, I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say, “Whoso takes off his hand from allegiance to Allah will meet Him on the Day of Resurrection without having any proof for him, and whoso dies while there was no Ba’yah on his neck dies a death of Jahiliyyah.” Hisham reported on the authority of ‘Urwa, who reported on the authority of Abu Salih, who reported on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “Leaders will take charge of you after me, where the pious one will lead with his piety and the impious with his impiety, so listen to them and obey them in everything which conforms with the truth. If they acted rightly it is to your benefit, and if they acted wrongly it is counted for you and against them.”.

Kiwango cha wajibu wa kurejesha Ukhalifa na ufahamu wa wajibu huu miongoni mwa Masahaba unadhihirika wazi katika matendo yao baada ya kifo cha Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ. Walichelewesha mazishi ya Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ hadi Khalifa alipopewa Bay'ah ya kuongoza Dola. Pia unadhihirika wazi katika kitendo cha 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, baada ya kuchomwa kisu wakati uchungu wa kufa ulipokaribia; Waislamu walipomwomba ateue mrithi. Mwanzoni alikataa, lakini walipoendelea kumsisitiza, alimteua wagombea sita ambao miongoni mwao Khalifa angechaguliwa. Pia aliweka muda wa siku tatu kwa hao sita kufikia makubaliano. Alitoa maagizo kwamba iwapo sita hao wasingefikia makubaliano ndani ya siku tatu, yule aliyepinga uamuzi huo auawe. Kwa hakika, aliamuru auawe yule ambaye angekaa katika upinzani, licha ya kwamba hao sita wote walikuwa watu wa Shura na Masahaba wakubwa. Hao sita walikuwa 'Ali, 'Uthman, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Auf, al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam, Talhah ibn 'Ubaydullah na Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. Kwamba mmoja wa Masahaba hawa angeweza kuuawa, iwapo wangeshindwa kufikia makubaliano kuhusu uchaguzi wa Khalifa, ni ushahidi wa wazi kabisa kwamba kuteuliwa kwa Khalifa ni wajibu.

The extent of the obligation to reestablish the Khalifah and awareness of this obligation among the Sahabah is clearly reflected in their actions following the death of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). They delayed the burial of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) until a Khalifah had been given the Ba’yah to head the State. It is also clearly reflected in the action of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, in the wake of his stabbing while the agony of death neared; when the Muslims asked him to nominate a successor. At first he refused, when they persisted he nominated six candidates from which a Khalifah was to be elected. He also set a deadline of three days for the six to reach an agreement. He gave instructions stating that in the case of the six not coming to an agreement within the three days, the one who opposed the decision should be killed. Indeed, he ordered the killing of the one who sat in opposition despite the fact that the six were all people of Shura and senior Sahabah. The six were in fact ‘Ali, ‘Uthman, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Auf, al-Zubayr ibn al-’Awwam, Talhah ibn ‘Ubaydullah and Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas. That one of these Sahabah could have been killed, should they have been unable to reach an agreement concerning the election of a Khalifah, serves as an overwhelmingly clear evidence that the appointment of a Khalifah is compulsory.

Waislamu wamekatazwa kumteua zaidi ya Khalifah mmoja. Imam Muslim ameripoti kwa mamlaka ya Abu Sa’id al-Khudry kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: “Ikiwa bay’ah imechukuliwa kwa Khulafah wawili, muueni yule wa mwisho kati yao.” Katika Hadith nyingine, imeripotiwa kwamba alisema: “Yeyote aliyeapa utii kwa Imam kwa kumpa mkono wake na tunda la moyo wake, amtii kadiri awezavyo, na ikiwa mwingine atakuja kugombea naye, lazima mpige shingo ya mtu huyo.” Katika riwaya nyingine, maneno yalikuwa hivi: “...mpigeni kwa upanga, yeyote awe nani.” Amri ya kumuua yule mwingine itatekelezwa ikiwa hatatii na kurudi nyuma. Ikiwa kundi la watu ambao wametimiza masharti yote yanayohitajika kwa nafasi ya Khilafah wamepewa Ba’yah, basi yule atakayepata kura nyingi ndiye atakuwa Khalifah, na yeyote atakayepinga wengi atachukuliwa kuwa muasi baadaye. Hili litatumika ikiwa wagombea hao wamekutana pamoja kibinafsi. Lakini ikiwa Khilafah ilikuwa imeidhinishwa kwa mtu mmoja aliyetimiza masharti ya Khilafah, na wengi wa Waislamu wakampa Ba’yah mtu mwingine, basi mtu wa kwanza ndiye anapaswa kuwa Khalifah, na wa pili akataliwe.

Muslims are forbidden from appointing more than one Khalifah. Imam Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Sa’id al-Khudry that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “If a bay’ah has been taken for two Khulafah, kill the latter of them.” In another Hadeeth, he (pbuh) is reported to have said, “Whoso pledged allegiance to an Imam giving him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of his heart shall obey him as long as he can, and if another comes to dispute with him you must strike the neck of that man.” In another narration, the wording was as follows, “...strike him with the sword whoever he may be.” The command to kill the other one would come into effect if he did not comply and retreat. If a group of people, who met all the requirements necessary for the post of Khilafah, were given the Ba’yah then it would be the one with the majority of votes who would become Khalifah, whoever opposed the majority would subsequently be considered a rebel. This would apply if the nominees were gathered together in person, but if the Khilafah had been contracted to one man who fulfilled the requirements of the Khilafah and the majority of the Muslims gave their Ba’yah to another, then the first man should become Khalifah and the second man should be turned down.