1.1 Makarantun Tafsiri
1.1 Schools Of Tafseer
Cibiyoyin tafsiri mafi shahara da suka bunƙasa a wannan zamani su ne na Makka, Madina, da ‘Iraƙi. A Makka, makarantar tafsirin Ibn ‘Abbaas ta zama mafi fitaccen cikinsu. ‘Abdullahi ɗan ‘Abbaas an ɗauke shi a matsayin babban malamin tafsiri a cikin sahabbai. Ya ruwaito cewa wata rana Annabi ﷺ ya rungume shi, ya kuma yi masa addu’a kamar haka,
The most notable centers of tafseer which evolved during this period were those of Makkah, Madeenah, and ‘Iraaq. In Makkah, the tafseer school of Ibn ‘Abbaas became the most prominent. ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Abbaas was considered to be the greatest tafseer scholar among the sahaabah. He reported that once the Prophet ( ﷺ) hugged him and prayed for him as follows,
"Ya Allah, ka ba shi zurfin fahimtar addini, ka kuma sa shi ƙwararre a tafsiri." 29
“O Allaah, give him a deep understanding of the religion and make him skilled in interpretation.” 29
‘Abdullaah ibn Mas‘ood, babban malami daga cikin sahabbai, an ruwaito cewa an ba shi laƙabi, “Tarjumaan al-Qur’aan,” 30 “Mai fassara Alƙur’ani.” Shahararrun almajiran Ibn ‘Abbaas sun hada da Mujaahid ibn Jabr, ‘Ikrimah (bawan da Ibn ‘Abbaas ya 'yanta), Sa‘eed ibn Jubayr, Taawoos ibn Keesaan al-Yamaanee, da ‘Ataa ibn Abee Rabaah.31
‘Abdullaah ibn Mas‘ood, the great scholar among the sahaabah, was reported to have conferred on him the title, “Tarjumaan al-Qur’aan,” 30 “Translator of the Qur’aan.” The most famous students of Ibn ‘Abbaas were Mujaahid ibn Jabr, ‘Ikrimah (the freed slave of Ibn ‘Abbaas), Sa‘eed ibn Jubayr, Taawoos ibn Keesaan al-Yamaanee, and ‘Ataa ibn Abee Rabaah.31
A Madina, makarantar tafsiri mafi shahara ita ce ta Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, wanda yawancin zamaninsa suka dauke shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mai karatun Alqur'ani. Ubayy kuma shi ne mutum na farko da Annabi ﷺ ya zaba don rubuta wahayin Alqur'ani.32 An ruwaito cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ce masa,
In Madeenah, the most noted school of tafseer was that of Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, who was considered by most of his contemporaries as the top reciter of the Qur’aan. Ubayy was also the first person chosen by the Prophet (r) to record the revelation of the Qur’aan.32 The Prophet (r) was reported to have said to him,
Lalle, Allah, Mai girma da daraja, ya umarce ni in karanta muku, "Lam yakunillatheena kafaroo." (Suratul Bayyina).
“Verily, Allaah, the Most Great and Glorious, has commanded me to recite to you, ‘Lam yakunillatheena kafaroo.’ (Soorah al-Bayyinah).”
ya tambayi ko Allah ya ambaci sunansa, sai Annabi ﷺ ya ce masa eh, sai Ubayy ya yi kuka.33 Manyan almajiran Ubayy sun hada da Zayd ibn Aslam, Abul 'Aaliyah, da Muhammad ibn Ka'b al-Qurathee.34
asked if Allaah had mentioned him by name, the Prophet (r) told him yes, and Ubayy cried.33 Ubayy’s most notable students were Zayd ibn Aslam, Aboo al ‘Aaliyah, and Muhammad ibn Ka‘b al-Qurathee.34
A Iraƙi, Ibn Mas'ood ne ya jagoranci makarantar tafsiri mafi shahara. 'Abdullahi ibn Mas'ood, mutum na shida da ya shiga Musulunci, yana cikin manyan makaranta Alƙur'ani. Annabi ﷺ da kansa ya yabi karatunsa yana cewa,
In ‘Iraaq, Ibn Mas‘ood headed the most prominent school of tafseer. ‘Abdullaah ibn Mas‘ood, the sixth person to enter Islaam,35 was among the top reciters of the Qur’aan. The Prophet (r) himself praised his recitation saying,
“Duk wanda yake son karanta Alqur’ani cikin tausasan salon da aka saukar da shi da shi, to ya karanta shi kamar yadda Ibn Umm ‘Abd (Ibn Mas‘ood) yake karantawa.” 36 Dangane da iliminsa na tafsiri kuwa, Ibn Mas‘ood ya ce: “Ina rantsuwa da Wanda babu wani abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Shi, na san inda kowane ayar littafin Allah ta sauka da kuma dalilin saukarta.” 37
“Whoever wishes to recite the Qur’aan in the tender manner in which it was revealed should recite it as Ibn Umm ‘Abd (Ibn Mas‘ood) does.” 36 As for his knowledge of tafseer, Ibn Mas‘ood said, “By the One besides Whom there is no other god, I know where and why every verse of Allaah’s book was revealed.” 37
Daga cikin ɗalibai da yawa na Ibn Mas‘ood waɗanda daga baya suka zama malamai da kansu akwai al-Hasan al-Basree, ‘Alqamah ibn Qays, Masrooq, al-Aswad ibn Yazeed, da ‘Aamir ash-Sha‘bee.38
Among the many students of Ibn Mas‘ood who later became scholars in their own right were al-Hasan al-Basree, ‘Alqamah ibn Qays, Masrooq, al-Aswad ibn Yazeed, and ‘Aamir ash-Sha‘bee.38
Ahmad ne ya rawaito shi (al-Musnad, lamba 2274). Wani sigar da ke ambaton rabin farko kawai na addu'ar Annabi ﷺ a madadinsa an rawaito ta a Sahih Al-Bukhari, juz'i 1, shafi 106, lamba 145, da kuma Sahih Muslim, juz'i 4, shafi 1320-1, lamba 6055.
29 Collected by Ahmad (al-Musnad, no. 2274). A version mentioning only the first half of the Prophet’s supplication on his behalf is reported in Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 1, p. 106, no. 145, and Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, pp. 1320-1, no. 6055.
30 Al-Haakim da Ibn Sa‘d ne suka ruwaito shi a cikin at-Tabaqaat. Duba Siyar al-A‘laam an-Nubalaa’, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 347.
30 Collected by al-Haakim and by Ibn Sa‘d in at-Tabaqaat. See Siyar al-A‘laam an-Nubalaa’, vol.3, p. 347.
31 Al-Itqaan fee 'Uloom al-Qur'aan, juzu'i na 2, shafi'i na 242. Abin lura shi ne cewa dukkan wadannan malaman manyan duk tsoffin bayi ne.
31 Al-Itqaan fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, vol. 2, p. 242. It is interesting to note that all of these great scholars were former slaves.
32 Bisa ga al-Waaqidee. An ambato daga Al-Isaabah fee Tamyeez as-Sahaabah. Watakila yana nufin a Madeenah.
32 According to al-Waaqidee. Quoted in Al-Isaabah fee Tamyeez as-Sahaabah. Perhaps he meant in Madeenah.
Bukhaari ne ya ruwaito shi (Sahih Al-Bukhari, juzu'i 5, shafi 97, lamba 154) da Muslim (Sahih Muslim, juzu'i 4, shafi 1313, lamba 6031).
33 Collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 5, p. 97, no. 154) and Muslim (Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p.1313, no. 6031).
34 Mabaahith fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, shafi na 339.
34 Mabaahith fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, p.339.
35 Sifah as-Safwah, juz'i 1, shafi 395.
35 Sifah as-Safwah, vol.1, p. 395.
36 An ruwaito daga ‘Umar, Ibn Mas‘ood da wasu sahabbai, kuma Ahmad, Ibn Maajah (juz’i 1, shafi 77, lamba 138), al-Haakim da wasu suka tattara. Al-Albaanee ya tabbatar da ingancinsa a cikin Saheeh al-Jaami‘ as-Sagheer, juz’i 2, shafi 1034.
36 Reported by ‘Umar, Ibn Mas‘ood and other sahaabah and collected by Ahmad, Ibn Maajah (vol. 1, p. 77, no. 138), al-Haakim and others. Authenticated by al-Albaanee in Saheeh al-Jaami‘ as-Sagheer, vol. 2, p. 1034.
Sahih Muslim, juz'i na 4, shafi na 1312, lamba ta 6023.
37 Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p. 1312, no. 6023.
38 Mabaahith fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, p. 339.
38 Mabaahith fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, p. 339.