4.1 Babban Jigon
4.1 The Main Theme
Ba wai Alqur'ani kaɗai ne ya keɓanta a cikin littattafan yau ta fuskar asalinsa da tsarkinsa ba, har ma ya keɓanta ta hanyar gabatar da abubuwan da yake ƙunshe da su. Ba littafi ba ne a ma'anar da aka saba da kalmar, inda akwai gabatarwa, bayanin maudu'i, sannan kammalawa. Haka kuma ba a iyakance shi ga gabatar da abubuwan tarihi kaɗai ba, ko matsalolin falsafa, ko gaskiyar kimiyya, ko dokokin zamantakewa, ko da yake duk waɗannan ana iya samunsu an haɗa su tare a cikinsa ba tare da wata alaƙa ko haɗi a bayyane ba.
Not only is the Qur’aan unique among books today in its origin and purity, but it is also unique in the way it presents its subject matter. It is not a book in the usual sense of the word wherein there is an introduction, explanation of the subject, followed by a conclusion. Neither is it restricted to only a presentation of historical events, problems of philosophy, facts of science or social laws, though all may be found woven together in it without any apparent connection and links.
Ana gabatar da batutuwa ba tare da bayanin baya ba, abubuwan tarihi ba a gabatar da su bisa tsarin lokaci ba, sabbin batutuwa kan bulla a tsakiyar wani ba tare da wani dalili bayyananne ba, kuma mai magana da waɗanda ake magana da su suna canja hanya ba tare da wani gargaɗi ba ko kaɗan.
Subjects are introduced without background information, historical events are not presented in chronological order, new topics sometimes crop up in the middle of another for no apparent reason, and the speaker and those spoken to change direction without the slightest forewarning.
Mai karatu wanda bai san keɓancewar Alƙur'ani ba sau da yawa yakan rikice idan ya ga ya saɓa wa fahimtarsa game da littafi gabaɗaya, musamman littafin "addini". Saboda haka, Alƙur'ani na iya zama kamar ba shi da tsari, kuma babu tsayayyen tsari a cikinsa a idonsa. Sai dai ga waɗanda suka fahimci maudu'insa, manufarsa da babban jigonsa, Alƙur'ani akasin haka yake. Maudu'in Alƙur'ani a ainihi shi ne mutum: mutum dangane da Ubangijinsa kuma Mahaliccinsa, Allah; mutum dangane da kansa; da mutum dangane da sauran halittu. Manufa da abin da wahayi ya ƙunsa shi ne kira ga mutum zuwa ga hanya madaidaiciya ta mu'amala da Ubangijinsa, da kansa, da halittu. Saboda haka, babban jigon da yake gudana a cikin Alƙur'ani duka shi ne cewa Allah shi kaɗai ya cancanci a bauta masa, kuma don haka mutum ya miƙa wuya ga dokokin Allah a rayuwarsa ta kashin kansa da kuma a dangantakarsa da halittu baki ɗaya. Ko kuma, a wata ma'ana, babban jigon shi ne kira zuwa ga imani da Allah da aikata ayyukan alheri kamar yadda Allah ya ayyana su.
The reader who is unaware of the Qur’aan’s uniqueness is often puzzled when he finds it contrary to his understanding of a book in general and a “religious” book in particular. Hence, the Qur’aan may seem disorganized and haphazard to him. However, to those who understand its subject matter, aim and its central theme, the Qur’aan is exactly the opposite. The subject matter of the Qur’aan is essentially man: man in relation to his Lord and Creator, Allaah; man in relation to himself; and man in relation to the rest of creation. The aim and object of the revelations is to invite man to the right way of dealing with his Lord, with himself, and with creation. Hence, the main theme that runs throughout the Qur’aan is that God alone deserves worship and, thus, man should submit to God’s laws in his personal life and in his relationships with creation in general. Or, in other words, the main theme is a call to the belief in Allaah and the doing of righteous deeds as defined by Allaah.
Idan mai karatu ya tuna waɗannan muhimman abubuwa, zai ga cewa, tun daga farko har zuwa ƙarshe, batutuwan Alƙur'ani duk suna da alaƙa sosai da babban jigonsa, kuma dukan littafin hujja ce mai ƙarfi kuma haɗaɗɗiya don wannan jigo. Alƙur'ani yana riƙe da manufa ɗaya a gaban idonsa, ko yana bayyana halittar mutum da duniya ko abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin ɗan Adam. Tun da manufar Alƙur'ani ita ce shiryar da mutum, yana faɗi ko yin tattaunawa kan abubuwa ne kawai gwargwadon yadda suka dace da wannan manufa, yana barin cikakkun bayanai marasa amfani da waɗanda ba su dace ba. Haka kuma yana maimaita babban jigonsa akai-akai a cikin gabatar da kowane sabon batu.
If the reader keeps these basic facts in mind, he will find that, from beginning to end, the Qur’aan’s topics are all closely connected to its main theme and that the whole book is a well-reasoned and cohesive argument for its theme. The Qur’aan keeps the same object in view, whether it is describing the creation of man and the universe or events from human history. Since the aim of the Qur’aan is to guide man, it states or discusses things only to the extent relevant to this aim and leaves out unnecessary and irrelevant details. It also repeats its main theme over and over again in the presentation of each new topic.
A cikin gabatarwar daya daga cikin fassarorin Alkur'ani mafi kyau da masana gabashi suka yi, mai fassara Arthur John Arberry ya rubuta: "Akwai jerin jigogi sanannu da ke gudana ta dukkan Alkur'ani; kowace Sura36 tana yin bayani ko tana nuni kaɗan ga ɗaya ko fiye—sau da yawa da yawa—daga cikinsu. Idan aka yi amfani da harshen waƙa, kowace Sura waƙa ce ta rhapsody da aka tsara da leitmotivs cikakku ko gutsutsu; wannan kwatancen yana ƙara ƙarfi da yanayin kwararar magana mai sauye-sauye a hankali na salon rhythm."39
In the preface of one of the best orientalist translations of the Qur’aan, the translator, Arthur John Arberry, writes: “There is a repertory of familiar themes running through the whole Koran; each Sura36 elaborates or adumbrates37 one or more—often many—of these. Using the language of music, each Sura is a rhapsody composed of whole or fragmentary leitmotivs; 38 the analogy is reinforced by the subtly varied rhythmical flow of the discourse.”39
Ka'idoji huɗu masu zuwa ya kamata sabon mai karatun Alkur'ani ya tuna da su idan yana son ya guji ruɗani da rashin sanin inda yake a banza.
The following four principles should be kept in mind by the new reader of the Qur’aan if he or she is to avoid unnecessary confusion and disorientation:
Littafin shi ne kaɗai irinsa a duniya.
1. The book is the only one of its type in the world.
2. Salon adabinsa ya bambanta sosai da na sauran littattafai.
2. Its literary style is quite different from all other books.
3. Jigonsa na musamman ne.
3. Its theme is unique.
4. Tunani da ra'ayoyin da mutum ya riga ya ɗauka game da littafi ba komai ba ne face cikas ga fahimtar Alkur'ani.40
4.Preconceived notions of a book are only a hindrance to the understanding of the Qur’aan.40
Sura ta 36
36 Qur’aanic chapter.
Nuna a hankali ko a takaice.
37 Indicate faintly or in outline.
Abubuwan da ke maimaituwa guda 38.
38 Recurring features.
39 The Koran Interpreted, p. 28.
39 The Koran Interpreted, p. 28.
40 Waɗannan maganganu huɗu an ambace su daga Abu’l A‘la Maududi a cikin The Meaning of the Qur’aan, juzu’i na
40 These four statements are quoted from Abu’l A‘la Maududi in The Meaning of the Qur’aan, vol.
1, shafi. 7.
1, p. 7.