5.4 Nau'o'in Wahyi
5.4 Types Of Wahy
Kamar yadda wahayi ya zo ta hanyoyi daban-daban (kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice) da kuma siffofi daban-daban (wahayi a mafarki da magana), haka nan akwai bambance-bambance a irin wahayin da aka isar: Alkur'ani, hadisi qudsi, da hadisan Annabi (ﷺ).
Just as the wahy was conveyed by different methods (direct and indirect) and forms (visions and speech), there were variations in the types of revelation which were conveyed: the Qur’aan, hadeeth qudsee, and hadeeths of the Prophet (ﷺ).
Wahyi a cikin sigar Alkur'ani an bayyana shi da cewa maganar Allah ce wadda aka saukar wa Annabi Muhammadu (ﷺ) a harshen Larabci, wadda salonta da tsarin harshenta ba su da kwatanci ta hanyar al'ajabi, kuma karatunta ibada ce.23 A gefe guda kuma, wahyi a cikin sigar hadisin qudusi an bayyana shi kawai da cewa maganar Allah ce wadda aka saukar wa Annabi Muhammadu (ﷺ) a harshen Larabci. Irin wadannan hadisai su ne wadanda Annabi (ﷺ) yake danganta maganganu kai tsaye ga Allah, yana cewa, misali, "Allah ya ce..." ko "Ubangijinka ya ce...", ko kuma sahabi ya ce, "Annabi (ﷺ) ya ruwaito daga Ubangijinsa..."24
Wahy in the form of the Qur’aan is defined as Allaah’s word revealed to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in Arabic, whose style and construction is miraculously inimitable and whose recitation is a form of worship.23 On the other hand, wahy in the form of hadeeth qudsee is defined simply as Allaah’s word revealed in Arabic to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). Such hadeeths are those in which the Prophet (ﷺ) attributes statements directly to Allaah, saying, for example, “Allaah said...” or “Your Lord said....” or the sahabee says, “The Prophet (ﷺ) reported from his Lord...”24
Game da hadisan Annabi (ﷺ), ana iya raba su zuwa manyan rukuni biyu. Na farko ya ƙunshi maganganun Annabi (ﷺ) waɗanda suka dogara da tunaninsa (ijtihadi). Irin waɗannan maganganu ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin wahayi. Duk da haka, ko wannan rukuni yana da alaƙa a kaikaice da wahayi, domin maganganunsa ko dai wahayi ya gyara su idan ba daidai ba ne, ko kuma rashin wahayi ya amince da su idan daidai ne.25 Rukuni na biyu shi ne maganganun Annabi waɗanda ma'anarsu ta zo ta wahayi, amma kalmominsu na Annabin ne da kansa. Wannan shi ne kawai ɓangaren hadisan Annabi (ﷺ) da za a iya ɗaukarsa da gaske a matsayin wahayi.
As for the hadeeths of the Prophet (ﷺ), they can be divided into two main categories. The first consists of statements of the Prophet (ﷺ) based on his own reasoning (ijtihaad). Such statements are not considered to be wahy. However, even this category is indirectly connected with wahy, because his statements were either corrected by revelation if incorrect, or approved by the absence of revelation if correct.25 The second category is prophetic statements whose meanings were revealed (wahy), but whose expressions were in the Prophet’s own words. This is the only part of the hadeeths of the Prophet (ﷺ) that can rightly be considered wahy.
23 Duba Sharh al-Kawkab al-Muneer, juz'i na 2, shafi'i na 7-8.
23 See Sharh al-Kawkab al-Muneer, vol. 2, pp. 7-8.
24 Qawaa'id at-Tahdeeth min Funoon Mustalih al-Hadeeth, shafi. 65.
24 Qawaa’id at-Tahdeeth min Funoon Mustalih al-Hadeeth, p. 65.
25 Duba: Sharh al-Kawkab al-Muneer, juz'i na 4, shafi'o'i 473-80
25 See Sharh al-Kawkab al-Muneer, vol. 4, pp. 473-80