11.3 Muhimmancin Bambance-Bambancen
11.3 The Importance Of The Distinction
Akwai dalilai da dama da ke sa wajibi a bambanta tsakanin surorin Makkah da na Madina da kuma ayoyinsu. Ga uku daga cikin mafi muhimmanci:
There are a number of reasons why a distinction needs to be made between Makkan and Madeenan soorahs and verses. The following are three of the most important reasons:
1. Fiqh (Dokar Musulunci):
1. Fiqh (Islamic Law):
Dokokin Musulunci daban-daban an saukar da su ne a cikin tsawon shekara ashirin da uku. Wasu dokoki sun soke dokokin da suka gabace su, kuma wasu dokokin an saukar da su a hankali, kadan kadan. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a san lokacin da aka saukar da kowace doka domin a aiwatar da ita yadda ya kamata. Dokokin lokacin Madina na baya wani lokaci sun maye gurbin dokokin farko. Misali, an haramta giya ne a matakai-matakai. Doka ta farko game da giya gargadi ne kawai game da hatsarorinta. Allah ya ce,
The various laws of Islaam were revealed over a period of twenty-three years. Some laws canceled earlier laws and other laws were revealed bit by bit. Thus, it is necessary to know at which point in time the various laws were revealed in order to apply them properly. The laws of the later Madeenan period sometimes took the place of earlier laws. For example, alcohol was made forbidden in gradual stages. The first law concerning alcohol was simply a warning of its dangers. Allaah said,
"Suna tambayarka game da khamr (giya) da maysir (caca); ka ce musu: a cikinsu akwai wani amfani, amma zunubinsu ya fi amfaninsu girma."
“And they ask you about khamr (alcohol) and maysir (gambling); tell them that they contain some benefit, but the sin is greater than the benefit.” 11
Doka na biyu da aka saukar, ya hana Musulmi yin salla yayin da suke cikin maye (buguwa). Allah ya ce,
The second law that was revealed warned Muslims away from salaah when they were intoxicated (drunk). Allaah said,
"Kada ku zo sallah alhali kuna cikin maye, sai har kun san abin da kuke faɗa." 12
“Do not come to salaah when you are intoxicated, until you know what you are saying.” 12
Doka dai, doka na uku dai ya kasance cikakkiyar hana ko kusantar kowane irin giya. Allah ya ce,
The third law, however, was a complete prohibition of even coming near any form of alcohol. Allaah said,
"Lalle, giya, caca da tsafi (duban raml) ƙazanta ne, sakamakon aikin Shaɗan, don haka ku nisance su." 13
“Verily, khamr, maysir and azlaam (fortunetelling) are filth, as a result of Shaytaan’s work, so stay away from them.” 13
Idan mutum bai san tsarin da aka saukar da waɗannan ayoyi ba, zai iya yin tunanin cewa an halatta masa shan barasa muddin bai bugu ba har ya zo salla. Ko kuma ya yi tunanin cewa an halatta masa ya amfana da sayar da barasa.
If one was unaware of the order in which these verses were revealed, he may mistakenly think that he is allowed to drink alcohol as long as he doesn’t get drunk and come to salaah. Or, he may think that it is allowed for him to benefit from the sale of alcohol.
2. Da'wah:
2. Da‘wah:
Ta hanyar fahimtar tsarin da ayoyin Alƙur'ani suka sauka a kansu, mutum zai iya koyon hanya mafi kyau ta koyar da Musulunci. Misali, Alƙur'ani ya koyar da muminai kada su zagi ko yi wa gumakan kafirai ba'a, domin kada su kore su, kuma domin kada su zagi Allah saboda jahilci. Maimakon haka, an umarce su da su yi musu hujja da hankali, su nuna musu a fili dalilin da ya sa bautar gumaka ba daidai ba ce. Allah ya ambaci Annabi Ibrahim yana cewa wa mutanensa,
By understanding the order in which the verses of the Qur’aan were revealed, one can learn the best method of teaching Islaam. For example, the Qur’aan taught the believers not to curse or make fun of the idols of the disbelievers in order not to drive them away and in order that they not curse Allaah out of ignorance. Instead they were told to reason with the disbelievers and show them logically why the worship of idols was incorrect. Allaah quoted Prophet Ibraaheem as saying to his people,
"Shin kuna bautawa wasu waɗansu abubuwa, baya ga Allah, waɗanda ba su iya amfanar da ku ko cutar da ku ko kaɗan?" 14
“Are you worshipping besides Allaah other gods which cannot benefit you at all nor harm you?” 14
Ayar da ke nuna furucin Ibrahim game da adawarsa ga mutanensa da abin da suke bautawa baya ga Allah:
The verse quoting Ibraaheem’s declaration of enmity to his people and what they worshipped instead of Allaah:
Akwai kyakkyawan misali a gare ku a cikin Ibrahim da waɗanda suke tare da shi, sa'ad da suka ce wa mutanensu, "Mu ba ruwanmu da ku da abin da kuke bautawa baya ga Allah; mun kafirta da ku, kuma tsakaninmu da ku ya bayyana gaba da ƙiyayya har abada, sai dai idan kun yi imani da Allah kaɗai," 15
“There is an excellent example for you in Abraham and those with him, when they said to their people, ‘We are clear of you and of whatever you worship besides Allah; we have rejected you, and there has arisen, between us and you, enmity and hatred forever, unless ye believe in Allah alone,’ ” 15
…an saukar da shi a Madina, bayan Musulmi sun shafe shekaru suna haƙuri wajen yin muhawara cikin lumana da danginsu a Makka. Kafirai na Makka sun mayar da muhawarar lumana ga Musulmi da zalunci da tashin hankali. Sun kori Musulmi daga gidajensu, kuma an sami yanayin yaƙi tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu. Saboda haka, ba Sunnah ba ne ga mutum, idan ya karɓi Musulunci, ya karanta wannan ayar ya yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da ita a kan iyalinsa da abokan hulɗarsa.
was revealed in Madeenah, after the Muslims had practiced years of patient argument with their relatives in Makkah. The disbelievers of Makkah had met reasoned argument with persecution and violence. They had driven the Muslims from their homes, and a state of armed conflict existed between the two sides. It is not, therefore, Sunnah for a person to accept Islaam, read this verse and try to apply it on his family and acquaintances.
3. Sirar Annabi (Seerah):
3. Seerah:
Yawancin muhimman al'amuran rayuwar Annabi sun kasance an rubuta su a cikin ayoyi daban-daban na Alkur'ani. Saboda haka, idan mutum ya san tsarin da aka saukar da ayoyin, zai yiwu a haɗa babban ɓangare na tarihin rayuwar Annabi (ﷺ).
Most of the most important events in the Prophet’s life have been recorded in various verses of the Qur’aan. Thus, by knowing the order in which the verses were revealed, it is possible to piece together a large portion of the biography of the Prophet (ﷺ).
11 Suratul Baqara (2):219.
11 Soorah al-Baqarah (2):219.
Suratu An-Nisa'i (4):43
12 Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):43
Suratul Ma'ida (5):90
13 Soorah al-Maa’idah (5):90.
Suratul Anbiya'i (21):66.
14 Soorah al-Ambiyaa’ (21):66.
Sūratu al-Mumtaḥinah (60:4)
15 Soorah al-Mumtahinah (60:4).