4.8 Mu'jizar Lissafi ta Alqur'ani
4.8 The Numerical Miracle of the Qur’aan
Mafi shahara a cikin wannan ra'ayi shi ne Rashad Khalifa, wani masanin ilmin sinadarai dan kasar Masar wanda ya yi karatunsa a Amurka. A cewar Dr. Khalifa, akwai wata lambobi mai ban mamaki a cikin Alkur'ani bisa aya ta "farko" (BismillahirRahmaanir-Raheem), wadda ta kunshi harafi 19. Wannan lambobin al'ajabi ana kwatanta shi a aya ta 30 ta Surar al-Muddath-thir (74) wadda ke cewa "Akan shi akwai 19." Bisa wadannan tushe guda biyu, Dr. Rashad ya ce ya gano wani tsari mai sarkakiya na lissafi da ya shafi 19 da ninkayensa a ko'ina cikin Alkur'ani, musamman a abin da ya kira haruffan farko na Alkur'ani da ke gaban surori 29 (Alif, Laam, Meem, da sauransu). Daga wannan gano, Dr. Khalifa ya kammala cewa sarkakiyar tsarin wannan lissafi a cikin aikin adabi mai girman Alkur'ani ta wuce ikon mutum, kuma shi kadai ne ainihin mu'ujiza ta Alkur'ani da ke tabbatar da asalinsa daga Allah. Ya kara da cewa 19 da ninkayensa sune mabudin fassara daidai ta Alkur'ani da Musulunci, kuma dalilin da aka zabi 19 shi ne cewa 19 na nufin "God Daya ne," wanda shi ne sakon Alkur'ani.81
The most famous proponent of this idea was Rashad Khalifa, an Egyptian biochemist educated in the United States. According to Dr. Khalifa, there is a miraculous numerical code to the Qur’aan based on its “first” verse (BismillahirRahmaanir-Raheem), which consists of 19 letters. This miraculous code is supposedly referred to in verse 30 of Chapter 74 (al-Muddath-thir) which states “Over it are 19.” Based on these two premises, Dr. Rashad claims to have discovered an intricate mathematical pattern involving 19 and its multiples throughout the Qur’aan and especially in what he calls the Qur’aanic initials which precede 29 chapters (Alif, Laam, Meem, etc.). From this discovery, Dr. Khalifa concludes that the complexity of this mathematical code’s pattern in a literary work of the Qur’aan’s size is far beyond human capabilities, and that it alone constitutes the only real miracle of the Qur’aan which proves its divine origin.80 He further concludes that 19 and its multiples represent the key to the correct interpretation of the Qur’aan and Islam, and the reason why 19 was chosen is that 19 means “God is One,” which is the message of the Qur’aan.81
Yawancin Musulmi da farko sun karɓi ra'ayoyin Khalifa da sha'awa ba tare da bincike mai zurfi ba.
Many Muslims at first received Khalifa’s theories with uncritical enthusiasm.
Sai dai lokacin da masu bincike masu zurfi suka fara duba lissafinsa, sun gano kura-kurai masu yawa da kuma wasu bayanai na karya a cikin bayanansa. Hujjojinsa sun dogara ne akan yawan lokutan da wata harafi ko kalma take bayyana a cikin wata sura ko rukunin surori. An gano cewa wani lokaci yakan dauki hamza kamar alif, wani lokaci kuma ba ya yi haka, ya danganta da jimlar da yake bukata a wata sura domin tabbatar da ka'idarsa. Wani lokaci yakan kirga harafi wanda babu shi, wani lokaci kuma ya kasa kirga harafin da yake nan, wani lokaci ya kirga kalmomi biyu a matsayin daya, wani lokaci ya kara a cikin rubutun Al-Qur'ani, wani lokaci kuma ya cire daga cikinsa, duk domin a daidaita kirgen harafi da kalma da ka'idarsa. Baya ga haka, kirgensa na harafi ya canja a kan lokaci, ya danganta da ko yana so ya kafa tsari ga sura guda ita kadai ko a matsayin wani bangare na rukunin surori. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da sabani a bayanansa, sai ya fara da'awar cewa wasu ayoyi an saka su cikin Al-Qur'ani wadanda ba su cikin sa ba. Bayan wannan bayani bayyananne na kafirci, sai ya ci gaba da da'awar sanin ainihin ranar Alkiyama, daga karshe kuma ya yi da'awar annabta ga kansa. Ya jawo wata kungiya ta mabiya a Tucson, Arizona, amma sana'arsa...
However, when more rigorous critics began checking his numbers, they found numerous discrepancies and some outright fabrications in his data. His claims were based on the number of times a given letter or word occurs in a given soorah or group of soorahs. It was discovered that he would sometimes treat hamzahs like alifs and sometimes he wouldn’t, depending on the totals he needed in a given soorah to confirm his theory. Sometimes he counted letters that weren’t there, sometimes he failed to count existing letters, sometimes he counted two words as one, sometimes he added to the Qur’aanic text and sometimes he deleted from it, all for the purpose of making the letter and word counts conform to his theory. On top of that, his letter counts changed over time, depending on whether he wanted to establish a pattern for a soorah by itself or as part of a group of soorahs. When confronted with inconsistencies in his data, he began claiming that certain verses had been inserted into the Qur’aan that did not belong there. After this clear statement of disbelief he went on to claim knowledge of the exact date of the Day of Judgment and eventually claimed prophethood for himself. He attracted a group of followers in Tucson, Arizona, but his career
79 The Qur'an and Modern Science: Correlation Studies, p.31.
79 The Qur’an and Modern Science: Correlation Studies, p.31.
Duba gabatarwar Rashad Khalifa na ka'idarsa a cikin makalar "Problem of 19," Impact International, 13-26 ga Nuwamba, 1981, shafi na 14-15.
80 See Rashad Khalifa’s presentation of his theory in the article “Problem of 19,” Impact International, 13-26 Nov., 1981, pp.14-15.
Alƙur'ani: Gabatarwar Gani ta Mu'ujiza, shafuka 70-73, 243.
81 Quran: Visual Presentation of The Miracle, pp.70-73, 243.
Lura: Wannan ƙididdigar an yi ta ne bisa tsarin lissafin Abjad na lambobi, wanda ake ba kowane harafi na haruffan Larabci wata lamba, tsarin da aka aro daga tsarin sirri na Yahudawa da ake kira Kabbalah.
Note: This calculation is based on the Abjad system of numerology in which the letters of the Arabic alphabet are given numerical values, a system borrowed from the Jewish mystical system known as Kabbalah.
Duba Mission to America, shafi na 137-168. Ana iya samun cikakken raddi ga wannan ra'ayi a cikin littafina, The Quran’s Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy.
82 See Mission to America, pp. 137-168. A detailed refutation of this theory can be found in my book, The Quran’s Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy.