1.1 Nama dan gelaran manja beliau
1.1 His name and affectionate nickname
Ibnu Kathir berkata bahawa semua orang mengakui bahawa namanya ialah Abdullah bin 'Uthman, kecuali riwayat Ibnu Sa'd daripada Ibnu Sirin yang menegaskan bahawa namanya ialah 'Ateeq, sedangkan kebenarannya ialah bahawa itu adalah gelaran kasih sayangnya. Kemudian terdapat perselisihan mengenai masa dia dinamakan sedemikian dan sebab-sebabnya; sebahagian berkata bahawa ia disebabkan oleh keindahan wajahnya, iaitu kecantikannya, tetapi Abu Nu'aim al-Fadl bin Dukain berkata bahawa ia disebabkan oleh keutamaannya dalam kebaikan; dan juga dikatakan bahawa ia disebabkan oleh kemuliaan keturunannya, iaitu kesucian nasabnya, kerana tiada sesuatu pun dalam salasilah keturunannya yang boleh dianggap sebagai cela; dan dikatakan juga bahawa dia mula-mula dinamakan sedemikian kemudian dipanggil 'Abdullah.
Ibn Kathir said that all admit that his name was Abdullah ibn 'Uthman, except for the narration of Ibn Sacd on the authority of Ibn Sirin which asserts his name to have been cAteeq whereas the truth is that that was his affectionate nickname. Then there is some disagreement as to the time of his being so named, and the reason for it; for some say that it was on account of the citaqah of his countenance, that is, its beauty - but Abu Nucaym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn said that it was on account of his priority in merit - and also it is said on account of the nobility of his pedigree, that is its purity, as there is nothing in his lineage that can be accounted a stain; and it is said too he was first so named and afterwards called ‘Abdullah.
At-Tabarani meriwayatkan bahawa al-Qasim bin Muhammad bertanya kepada ‘Aisyah, semoga Allah meredainya, tentang nama Abu Bakar, lalu beliau menjawab, "‘Abdullah." Kemudian beliau berkata, "Orang ramai memanggilnya ‘Ateeq." Beliau menjawab, "Abu Quhafah mempunyai tiga orang anak lelaki yang dinamakannya ‘Ateeq, Mu‘tiq dan Mu‘aiyaq." Ibn Mandah dan Ibn ‘Asakir meriwayatkan bahawa Musa bin Talhah berkata:
At-Tabarani narrated that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad questioned ‘ A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, as to the name of Abu Bakr, and she replied, <cAbdullah.’ Then he said, ‘The people call him cAteeq.’ She answered, ‘Abu Quhafah had three sons whom he named cAteeq, Muctaq and Mucaytaq.’ Ibn Mandah and Ibn cAsakir narrated that Musa ibn Talhah said:
1 berkata kepada ayah saya Talhah, ‘Mengapa Abu Bakar dipanggil ‘Ateeq?’ Beliau menjawab, ‘Ibunya tidak mempunyai anak lelaki yang hidup, dan apabila dia melahirkannya, dia menghadap ke arah Baitullah (Ka‘bah) bersama bayi itu lalu berseru, “Ya Allah, jika yang ini ‘Ateeq (bebas) daripada kematian, maka kurniakanlah dia kepadaku.”’ At-Tabarani meriwayatkan bahawa Ibn ‘Abbas berkata: Beliau hanya dipanggil ‘Ateeq kerana keindahan wajahnya.
1 said to my father Talhah, ‘Why was Abu Bakr called cAteeq?’ He said, ‘His mother had no son surviving and when she gave birth to him, she faced towards the House (the Kacbah) with him and exclaimed, “O Allah if this one is cAteeq (free) from death then give him to me.’” At-Tabarani narrated that Ibn cAbbas said: He was only called ' Ateeq because of the beauty of his face.
Ibnu cAsakir meriwayatkan bahawa cA'ishah, semoga Allah meredhainya, berkata: "Nama Abu Bakr yang digunakan oleh keluarganya ialah 'Abdullah, tetapi nama cAteeq menjadi lebih banyak digunakan." Dalam satu versi: "Tetapi Nabi ﷺ memanggilnya cAteeq." Abu Ya'la, Ibnu Sa'd dan al-Hakim, yang mengesahkannya sebagai sahih, meriwayatkan bahawa cA'ishah, semoga Allah meredhainya, berkata: "Demi Allah, pada suatu hari aku berada di rumahku, dan Rasulullah ﷺ serta para sahabatnya berada di halaman, dengan tirai antara aku dan mereka. Abu Bakr datang, lalu Nabi ﷺ bersabda: 'Sesiapa yang suka melihat orang yang dibebaskan daripada Neraka, maka hendaklah dia melihat Abu Bakr.' Nama yang dikenali oleh keluarganya ialah cAbdullah, tetapi cAteeq menjadi lebih banyak digunakan." At-Tirmidhi dan al-Hakim meriwayatkan bahawa cA'ishah, semoga Allah meredhainya, berkata: "Abu Bakr masuk menemui Rasulullah ﷺ, lalu baginda bersabda: 'Abu Bakr, engkaulah orang yang Allah bebaskan daripada Neraka.' Sejak hari itu dia dikenali sebagai cAteeq." Al-Bazzar dan at-Tabarani meriwayatkan dengan isnad yang sangat baik bahawa cAbdullah bin az-Zubair berkata: "Nama Abu Bakr ialah cAbdullah, kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda kepadanya: 'Engkau ialah orang yang dibebaskan Allah daripada Neraka.' Maka dia dikenali sebagai cAteeq." Adapun nama as-Siddiq, dikatakan tentangnya bahawa ia adalah gelaran kasih sayang yang diberikan pada zaman Jahiliyyah kerana kejujurannya yang terkenal, sebagaimana disebut oleh Ibnu Musdi. Ada juga yang mengatakan, kerana kesegeraannya membenarkan Rasulullah ﷺ dalam perkara yang baginda khabarkan. Ibnu Ishaq meriwayatkan bahawa al-Hasan al-Basri dan Qatadah berkata: Kali pertama dia dikenali dengan gelaran itu ialah pada pagi selepas Malam Isra'.
Ibn cAsakir narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name which his family called him by was 'Abdullah, but the name cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ In a version, ‘But the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called him cAteeq.’ Abu Yacla, Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘By Allah, I was in my house one day and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his companions were in the courtyard, a curtain between me and them. Abu Bakr came up and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever is pleased to look upon one who is free from the Fire then let him look upon Abu Bakr.” The name which his family knew him by was cAbdullah but cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ At-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, “Abu Bakr, you are the one Allah has freed from the Fire.” From that day he was known as cAteeq.” Al-Bazzar and at-Tabarani narrated with an excellent isnad that cAbdullah ibn az-Zubayr said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name was cAbdullah, then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, “You are Allah’s freed one from the Fire.” So he was known as cAteeq.’ As for the name as-Siddiq, it is said about it, ‘He was given the affectionate nickname in the Jahiliyyah, because of the truthfulness for which he was known’ as Ibn Musdi mentioned. It has been said also, ‘Because of his haste in affirming the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in that of which he informed.’ Ibn Ishaq narrated that al-Hasan al-Basri and Qatadah said: The first time that he became known for it was the morning after the Night of the Isra’.
Al-Hakim meriwayatkan dalam al-Mustadrak daripada 'Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, bahawa beliau berkata: Orang-orang musyrik datang kepada Abu Bakar dan berkata, "Apa pendapatmu tentang sahabatmu? Dia mendakwa bahawa dia dibawa pada malam ini ke Bait al-Maqdis (Baitulmaqdis)." Beliau menjawab, "Adakah dia berkata begitu?" Mereka menjawab, "Ya." Beliau berkata, "Sesungguhnya dia pasti telah berkata benar. Aku beriman dan membenarkannya dalam perkara yang lebih jauh daripada itu: berita dari langit pada awal pagi dan pada waktu petang." Kerana itulah beliau digelar as-Siddiq. Sanadnya adalah sangat baik, dan hadis ini juga diriwayatkan daripada hadis Anas dan Abu Hurairah, yang mana Ibn 'Asakir telah menyebutkan sanad-sanadnya, dan daripada Ummu Hani', yang diriwayatkan oleh at-Tabarani.
Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The idolaters came to Abu Bakr and said, ‘What do you think of your Companion? He claims that he was taken this night to Bait al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).’ He replied, ‘Did he say that?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘He has definitely told the truth. I believe and affirm him in matters more remote than that: the news from heaven in the early part of the morning and in the evening.’ For that reason he was called as-Siddiq. Its isnad is excellent, and that has also been narrated from hadith of Anas and Abu Hurayrah, for which Ibn cAsakir gave isnads, and Umm Hani', which was narrated by at-Tabarani.
Sacid ibn Mansur meriwayatkan dalam Sunan-nya: Abu Macshar meriwayatkan bahawa Wahb, hamba yang dimerdekakan oleh Abu Hurayrah, berkata: Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ pulang pada malam baginda diperjalankan (ke Baitul Maqdis), dan baginda berada di Dhu Tuwa, baginda bersabda, ‘Wahai Jibril, kaumku tidak akan mempercayaiku.’ Baginda (Jibril) berkata, ‘Abu Bakr akan mempercayaimu, dan dia adalah as-Siddiq.’ Al-Hakim meriwayatkan dalam al-Mustadrak bahawa an-Nazzal ibn Sabrah berkata: Kami berkata kepada cAli: ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, ceritakanlah kepada kami tentang Abu Bakr.’ Beliau berkata, ‘Lelaki itu, Allah menamakannya as-Siddiq melalui lidah Jibril dan melalui lidah Muhammad ﷺ. Dia adalah wakil Rasulullah ﷺ dalam solat; baginda reda kepadanya dalam urusan agama kami, maka kami pun reda kepadanya dalam urusan dunia kami.’ Isnadnya adalah sangat baik.
Sacid ibn Mansur narrated in his Sunan: Abu Macshar narrated that Wahb the freed slave of Abu Hurayrah said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned on the night in which he was made to travel (to Jerusalem), and he was at Dhu Tuwa, he said, ‘Jibril, my people will not believe me.’ He ( ) ibril) said, ‘Abu Bakr will believe you, and he is as-Siddiq.’ Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that an-Nazzal ibn Sabrah said: We said to cAli: ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, tell us about Abu Bakr.’ He said, ‘That man, Allah named him as-Siddiq on the tongue of Jibril and on the tongue of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He was the deputy of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for thp prayer; he was contented with him for our deen and so we were pleased with him for our worldly affairs.’ Its isnad is excellent.
Ad-Daraqutni dan al-Hakim meriwayatkan bahawa Abu Yahya berkata: Saya tidak dapat mengira berapa kali saya mendengar 'Ali berkata di atas mimbar, 'Sesungguhnya Allah telah menamakan Abu Bakr melalui lisan Nabi-Nya ﷺ sebagai seorang siddiq.' At-Tabarani meriwayatkan dengan isnad yang sahih dan sangat baik bahawa Hakim bin Sa'd berkata: Saya mendengar 'Ali berkata, dan dia bersumpah atasnya, 'Sesungguhnya Allah benar-benar telah menurunkan dari langit nama Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq.' Dalam hadith Uhud: 'Bertenanglah, kerana di atas kamu hanya ada seorang Nabi ﷺ, seorang siddiq dan dua orang syahid.' 'Ibu Abu Bakr ialah anak perempuan saudara lelaki bapanya (dia adalah sepupu bapanya). Namanya ialah Salma binti Sakhr bin 'Amir bin Ka'b. Dia diberi kunyah (gelaran) Umm al-Khayr (Ibu kebaikan),' kata az-Zuhri sebagaimana diriwayatkan oleh Ibn 'Asakir.
Ad-Daraqutni and al-Hakim narrated that Abu Yahya said: I cannot count the number of times that I heard cAli say upon the minbar, ‘Truly Allah named Abu Bakr through the tongue of His Prophet, a siddiq.’ At-Tabarani narrated with an excellent sahih isnad that Hakim ibn Sacd said: I heard cAli say, and he swore upon it, ‘Allah definitely revealed from heaven the name of Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq.’ In the hadith of Uhud, ‘Be still, for there are only upon you a Prophet, a siddiq and two martyrs.’ ‘Abu Bakr’s mother was the daughter of his father’s paternal uncle (she was his father’s cousin). Her name was Salma bint Sakhr ibn ‘Amir ibn Kacb. She was given the kunyah (surname) Umm al-Khayr (Mother of good),’ said az-Zuhri as narrated by Ibn cAsakir.