1.18 Hadith dan Ayat yang Menunjukkan Khilafahnya, dan Ucapan-ucapan Para Imam mengenainya - Sejarah Khulafa' Rashidin | Quran Course

1.18 Hadith dan Ayat yang Menunjukkan Khilafahnya, dan Ucapan-ucapan Para Imam mengenainya - Sejarah Khulafa' Rashidin | Quran Course

Dua Shaykh meriwayatkan bahawa Jubayr ibn Mut'im, semoga Allah meridainya, meriwayatkan daripada bapanya bahawa dia berkata: Seorang wanita datang kepada Nabi ﷺ, dan baginda menyuruhnya kembali kepadanya kemudian. Dia berkata, 'Bagaimana pendapat tuan jika saya datang dan tidak menemui tuan?' seolah-olah dia bermaksud, 'Kematian.' Baginda bersabda, 'Jika kamu tidak menemui aku, maka datanglah kepada Abu Bakar.' Al-Hakim meriwayatkan, dan dia mengesahkannya sahih, bahawa Anas, semoga Allah meridainya, berkata: Banu Mustaliq menghantar saya kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, (dengan pesanan), 'Tanyakan kepadanya, "Kepada siapakah kami harus membayar sadaqat (zakat) kami selepas tuan?"' Maka saya datang kepadanya dan bertanya, dan baginda bersabda, 'Kepada Abu Bakar.' Ibn 'Asakir meriwayatkan bahawa Ibn 'Abbas, semoga Allah meridai kedua-duanya, berkata: Seorang wanita datang kepada Nabi ﷺ untuk bertanya kepadanya tentang sesuatu. Baginda berkata kepadanya, 'Kembalilah (pada waktu lain).' Dia berkata, 'Wahai Rasulullah, jika saya kembali dan tidak menemui tuan?' (merujuk kepada kewafatan baginda). Baginda bersabda, 'Jika kamu datang dan tidak menemui aku, maka datanglah kepada Abu Bakar, kerana dia adalah khalifah selepas aku.' Muslim meriwayatkan bahawa 'Aisyah, semoga Allah meridainya, berkata: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda kepadanya, 'Panggillah ayahmu (Abu Bakar) dan saudaramu, supaya aku dapat menulis sesuatu, kerana aku bimbang ada orang yang berhasrat akan mengingininya, dan seseorang akan berkata, "Aku lebih berhak," sedangkan Allah dan orang-orang beriman menolak selain Abu Bakar.' Ahmad dan lain-lain meriwayatkannya melalui pelbagai jalur daripadanya, dan dalam sebahagiannya dia berkata: Nabi ﷺ berkata kepadaku dalam sakitnya yang membawa kepada kewafatannya, 'Panggillah 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakar dan aku akan menulis wasiat untuk Abu Bakar supaya tiada seorang pun berselisih tentangnya selepas aku.' Kemudian baginda berkata, 'Tinggalkannya. Aku berlindung dengan Allah daripada orang-orang beriman berselisih tentang Abu Bakar.' Muslim meriwayatkan bahawa 'Aishah, semoga Allah meredainya, pernah ditanya: "Siapakah yang akan dilantik oleh Nabi ﷺ sebagai khalifah jika baginda meninggalkan seorang khalifah?" Beliau menjawab: "Abu Bakr." Lalu dikatakan kepadanya: "Kemudian siapa selepas Abu Bakr?" Beliau menjawab: "'Umar." Lalu dikatakan kepadanya: "Siapa selepas 'Umar?" Beliau menjawab: "Abu 'Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah." Dua Shaykh meriwayatkan bahawa Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, semoga Allah meredainya, berkata: Nabi ﷺ jatuh sakit dan sakitnya semakin parah. Maka baginda bersabda: "Perintahkan Abu Bakr supaya mengimami solat orang ramai." 'Aishah berkata: "Wahai Rasulullah, dia seorang lelaki yang berhati lembut."

The two Shaykhs narrated that Jubayr ibn Mutcim, may Allah be pleased with him, related from his father that he said: A woman came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he told her to come back to him later. She said, ‘What do you think if I come and don’t find you?’ as if she were saying, ‘Death.’ He said, ‘If you don’t find me then come to Abu Bakr.’ Al-Hakim narrated, and he declared it sahih, that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Banu Mustaliq sent me to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, (saying), ‘Ask him, “To whom should we pay our sadaqat {zakat) after you?”’ So I came to him and asked him and he said, ‘To Abu Bakr.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Ibn cAbbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, said: A woman came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to ask him about something. He said to her, ‘Return (another time).’ She said, ‘Messenger of Allah, if I return and I don’t find you?’ (referring to his death). He said, ‘If you come and don’t find me, then come to Abu Bakr, for he is the khalifah after me.’ Muslim narrated that CA’ ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him pcace, said to her, ‘Call your father (Abu Bakr) and your brother *10 (hat I can write something, for I fear that some desirous person will covet, and someone will say, “I am more worthy,” and Allah uikI the believers refuse all except Abu Bakr.’ A li mad and others narrated it by various routes from her in some of which she said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me in his sickness in which he died, ‘Call cAbd arllahman ibn Abi Bakr and I will write a testament for Abu Bakr so that no-one will disagree about him after me.’ Then later he said, 'Leave it. I seek refuge with Allah that the believers should disagree about Abu Bakr.’ Muslim narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, was asked, ‘Who would the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, have left as khalifah if he had left a khalifahV She said, ‘Abu Bakr.’ It was said to her, ‘Then who after Abu Bakr?’ She said, ‘cUmar.’ It was said to her, ‘Who after cUmar?’ She said, ‘Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.’ Ihe two Shaykhs narrated that Abu Musa al-Ashcari, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became ill and his illness became severe. So he said, ‘Command Abu Bakr and let him lead the people in prayer.’ 1 A’ishah said, ‘Messenger of Allah, he is a man who has a tender heart.

"Jika dia berdiri di tempatmu, dia tidak akan mampu mengimami orang ramai dalam solat.' Baginda bersabda, 'Perintahkan Abu Bakr supaya dia mengimami orang ramai dalam solat.' Dia mengulangi apa yang telah dikatakannya, lalu baginda bersabda, 'Perintahkan Abu Bakr supaya dia mengimami orang ramai dalam solat; sesungguhnya kamu adalah wanita-wanita sahabat Yusuf.' Maka utusan itu datang kepadanya (Abu Bakr), lalu dia mengimami orang ramai dalam solat ketika hayat Nabi ﷺ. Hadis ini adalah mutawatir dan ia juga diriwayatkan dalam hadis-hadis daripada 'A'ishah, Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn 'Umar, 'Abdullah ibn Za'mah, Abu Sa'id, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib dan Hafsah, semoga Allah meredai mereka, dan saya telah mengklasifikasikan jalur-jalur periwayatannya sebagai hadis mutawatir. Dalam sebahagian versi hadis 'A'ishah, semoga Allah meredainya, beliau berkata, 'Saya berterusan dalam perkara itu bersama Rasulullah ﷺ. Apa yang mendorong saya berbuat demikian ialah tidak pernah terlintas dalam hati saya bahawa orang ramai akan mencintai seorang lelaki yang menggantikan kedudukannya selepas baginda. Saya berpandangan bahawa tidak akan ada sesiapa yang menggantikan kedudukan baginda melainkan orang ramai akan menganggapnya sebagai petanda buruk, lalu saya ingin Rasulullah ﷺ memalingkan diri daripada Abu Bakr.' Ibn Za'mah, semoga Allah meredainya, berkata bahawa Nabi ﷺ memerintahkan mereka supaya menunaikan solat, sedangkan Abu Bakr tidak hadir, lalu 'Umar maju ke hadapan dan dia mengimami solat. Nabi ﷺ bersabda, 'Tidak! Tidak! Tidak! Allah dan kaum Muslimin menolak selain Abu Bakr. Biarlah Abu Bakr mengimami orang ramai dalam solat.' Ibn 'Umar berkata: 'Umar berkata, 'Allahu Akbar.' Nabi ﷺ mendengar takbirnya, lalu baginda mengangkat kepalanya dengan marah dan bersabda, 'Di manakah Ibn Abi Quhafah?' Ulama berkata: Dalam hadis ini terdapat bukti yang paling jelas bahawa as-Siddiq adalah yang terbaik secara mutlak di kalangan para Sahabat, yang paling berhak terhadap khilafah, dan yang paling layak di antara mereka untuk memimpin.

If he stands in your place he will not be able to lead the people in prayer.’ He said, ‘Command Abu Bakr and let him lead the people in prayer.’ She repeated what she had said and so he said, ‘Command Abu Bakr and let him lead the people in prayer; truly you are the female companions of Yusuf.’ So the messenger came to him (Abu Bakr) and he led the people in prayer in the lifetime of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. This hadith is mutaivatir and it is also narrated in hadith of cA’ishah, Ibn Mascud, Ibn cAbbas, Ibn cUmar, cAbdullah ibn Zamcah, Abu Sacid, cAli ibn Abi Talib and Hafsah, may Allah be pleased with her, and I have classified their routes of transmission among the mutawatir hadith. In some of the versions of the hadith of cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, she said, ‘I persisted in that with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. All that carried me to do that was that it did not occur to me in my heart that people could ever love a man who stood in his position after him. It was only that I was of the view that never would anyone stand in his position but that people would take a bad omen from it, and so I wished that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, might turn from Abu Bakr.’ Ibn Zamcah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered them to perform the prayer and Abu Bakr was not there, so that cUmar stepped forward and he prayed (as imam). The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘No! No! No! Allah and the Muslims refuse any but Abu Bakr. Let Abu Bakr lead the people in prayer.’ Ibn cUmar said: cUmar said, 'Allahu Akbar.’ The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard his Allahu Akbar, raised his head in anger and said, ‘Where is Ibn Abi Quhafah?’ The men of knowledge say: In this hadith there is the clearest of proofs that as-Siddiq was absolutely the best of the Companions, and the one having most right to the khilafah, and the most worthy of them for leadership.

Abu Bakr asy-Syafi'i meriwayatkan dalam al-Ghaylaniyyat, dan Ibnu 'Asakir: Bahawa Hafsah, semoga Allah meredai dirinya, berkata kepada Nabi ﷺ, "Ketika engkau sakit, engkau mendahulukan Abu Bakar." Baginda bersabda, "Bukan aku yang mendahulukannya, tetapi Allah yang mendahulukannya." Ad-Daraqutni meriwayatkan dalam al-Afrad, dan al-Khatib serta Ibnu 'Asakir: Bahawa 'Ali, semoga Allah meredainya, berkata: Nabi ﷺ bersabda kepadaku, "Aku telah memohon kepada Allah tiga kali supaya Dia mendahulukan engkau, tetapi Dia menolakku melainkan dengan mendahulukan Abu Bakar." Ibnu Sa'd meriwayatkan bahawa al-Hasan berkata: Abu Bakar berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, aku masih melihat diriku (dalam mimpi) berjalan di halaman-halaman manusia." Baginda bersabda, "Engkau akan menjadi, di kalangan manusia, di atas jalan {sabil}!" Dia berkata, "Dan aku melihat di dadaku sesuatu seperti dua tanda gelap yang kecil." Baginda bersabda, "Dua tahun." Ibnu 'Asakir meriwayatkan bahawa Abu Bakrah berkata: Aku datang kepada 'Umar, dan ada orang-orang bersamanya yang sedang makan. Dia melemparkan pandangan kepada seorang lelaki di kalangan orang-orang yang paling belakang dan berkata, "Apa yang kamu dapati dalam apa yang kamu baca daripada kitab-kitab sebelum kamu?" Lelaki itu berkata, "Khalifah Nabi ﷺ ialah Siddiq baginda." Ibnu 'Asakir meriwayatkan bahawa Muhammad bin az-Zubair berkata: 'Umar bin 'Abd al-'Aziz menghantar aku kepada al-Hasan al-Basri untuk bertanya kepadanya beberapa perkara. Maka aku datang kepadanya dan berkata, "Puaskanlah hatiku mengenai perkara yang manusia berselisih padanya. Adakah Nabi ﷺ melantik Abu Bakar sebagai khalifah?" Maka al-Hasan yang sedang duduk itu menegakkan dirinya dan berkata, "Adakah ada keraguan padanya? Tiada bapa bagimu! (ungkapan Arab yang bersifat peribahasa)! Demi Allah, yang tiada Tuhan selain Dia, baginda sudah tentu melantiknya sebagai khalifah. Baginda sememangnya lebih mengenal Allah, lebih taat dengan penuh takut kepada-Nya, dan lebih kuat takutnya kepada-Nya, sehingga baginda tidak akan membiarkan dirinya mati tanpa menjadikannya memegang tampuk pemerintahan." Ibnu 'Adi meriwayatkan bahawa Abu Bakr bin 'Ayyash berkata: Ar-Rashid berkata kepadaku, "Abu Bakr, bagaimanakah orang ramai melantik Abu Bakr sebagai khalifah?" Aku menjawab, "Amir al-Mu'minin, Allah diam, Rasul-Nya diam dan orang-orang mukmin diam." Dia berkata, "Demi Allah, engkau hanya menambahkan kekeliruanku." Dia (Abu Bakr bin 'Ayyash) berkata: "Amir al-Mu'minin, Nabi ﷺ jatuh sakit selama lapan hari, lalu Bilal masuk menemui baginda dan berkata, 'Wahai Rasulullah, siapakah yang patut mengimami solat orang ramai?' Baginda bersabda, 'Suruhlah Abu Bakr mengimami solat orang ramai.' Maka Abu Bakr mengimami solat orang ramai selama lapan hari, sedangkan wahyu masih diturunkan. Oleh itu, Rasulullah ﷺ diam kerana diamnya Allah, dan orang-orang mukmin diam kerana diamnya Rasulullah ﷺ." Maka dia (Ibnu 'Ayyash) membuatnya (ar-Rashid) kagum, lalu dia berkata, "Semoga Allah memberkatimu." Sekumpulan ulama telah mengambil dalil tentang khilafah as-Siddiq daripada ayat-ayat al-Qur'an. Al-Hasan al-Basri berkata mengenai firman-Nya, Yang Maha Tinggi, "Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, sesiapa antara kamu yang murtad daripada agamanya, maka Allah akan mendatangkan suatu kaum yang Dia kasihi dan yang mengasihi-Nya..." (Al-Qur'an 5: 54), bahawa maksudnya ialah Abu Bakr dan para sahabatnya. Ketika orang Arab murtad daripada Islam, Abu Bakr dan para sahabatnya berjihad memerangi mereka sehingga mereka kembali kepada Islam. Yunus bin Bukayr meriwayatkan bahawa Qatadah berkata, "Apabila Nabi ﷺ wafat, orang Arab murtad (daripada Islam)." Kemudian dia menyebut tentang Abu Bakr yang memerangi mereka, sehingga dia berkata, "Kami dahulu berkata bahawa ayat ini diturunkan mengenai Abu Bakr dan para sahabatnya, 'Maka Allah akan mendatangkan suatu kaum yang Dia kasihi dan yang mengasihi-Nya!'" (Al-Quran 5: 54)' Ibn Abi Hatim meriwayatkan bahawa Juwaybir berkata, mengenai firman-Nya, Maha Tinggi Dia, '{Katakanlah kepada orang-orang Arab badwi yang ditinggalkan, "Kamu akan diseru (untuk memerangi) kaum yang memiliki kekuatan yang besar ...}'" (Al-Quran 48:

Abu Bakr ash-Shafici narrated, in al-Ghaylaniyyat, and Ibn cAsakir I hat Hafsah, may Allah be pleased with her, said to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ‘When you were ill you gave precedence to Abu Bakr.’ He said, ‘I am not the one who gives precedence to him, but it is Allah Who gives him precedence.’ Ad-Daraqutni narrated, in al-Afradal-Khateeb and Ibn cAsakir that cAli, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to me, ‘I asked Allah to give precedence to you three times, but He refused me save to give precedence to Abu Bakr.’ Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Hasan said: Abu Bakr said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I still see myself (in dream) treading in people’s courtyards.’ He said, ‘You will be, among men, on a way {sabeel)! He said, ‘And I saw on my breast something like two small dark marks.’ He said, ‘Two years.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Bakrah said: I came to cUmar, and there were people with him eating. He threw a look among the hindmost of the people to a man and said, ‘What do you find in what you read of the books from before you?’ He said, ‘The khalifah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is his Siddiq.’ Ibn cAsakir narrated that Muhammad ibn az-Zubayr said: cUmar ibn cAbd al-cAziz sent me to al-Hasan al-Basri to ask him some things. So I came to him and said, ‘Satisfy me regarding that about which people disagree. Did the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, appoint Abu Bakr as khalifahV So al-Hasan who was seated drew himself up and said, ‘Is it in any doubt? You have no father (a proverbial Arabic expression)! By Allah, the One Whom there is no god but Him, he definitely appointed him as khalifah. He was certainly more knowing of Allah, and more fearfully obedient of Him, and more strongly fearful of Him than that he should die upon it without making him take the command.’ Ibn cAdi narrated that Abu Bakr ibn cAyyash said: Ar-Rashid said to me, Abu Bakr, how did the people appoint Abu Bakr as khalifah?’ I said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, Allah was silent, and His Messenger was silent and the mu’minun were silent.’ He said, ‘By Allah, you have only increased me in confusion.’ He said, Amir al-Mu’minin, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sick for eight days and Bilal entered upon him and said, “Messenger of Allah, who should lead the people in prayer?” He said, “Order Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.” So Abu Bakr led the people in prayer for eight days while the revelation was still descending. So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was silent because of the silence of Allah, and the mu’minun were silent because of the silence of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ So he (Ibn cAyyash) astonished him (ar-Rashid), and he said, ‘May Allah bless you.’ A group of the men of knowledge deduced the khilafah of as-Siddiq from ayat of the Qur’an. Al-Hasan al-Basri said, concerning His words, exalted is He, ‘O you who believe, whoever of you reneges on his deen then Allah will bring a people whom He loves and who love I Uni, ..! (Qur’an 5: 54) — ‘It means Abu Bakr and his companions, lor, when the Arabs reneged on their Islam, Abu Bakr and his t ompanions waged jihad against them until they made them return to Islam.’ Yunus ibn Bukayr narrated that Qatadah said, ‘When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, the Arabs reneged (on their Islam).’ Then he mentioned Abu Bakr’s fighting them until lie said, ‘We used to say that this ayah was revealed about Abu Bakr unci his companions, “Then Allah will bring a people whom He loves and who love Him!’ (Qur’an 5: 54)’ Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Juwaybir said, concerning His words, exalted is He, ‘Say to those who were left behind of the desert Arabs, "You will be called to (fight) a people of great power ...’” (Qur’an 48:

16), ‘Mereka ialah Bani Hanifah.’ Ibn Abi Hatim dan Ibn Qutaybah berkata, ‘Ayat ini ialah bukti khilafah as-Siddiq, kerana beliau yang menyeru manusia untuk memerangi mereka.’ Syeikh Abu’l-Hasan al-Ash‘ari berkata: Aku mendengar Abu’l-‘Abbas Ibn Shurayh berkata, ‘Khilafah as-Siddiq terdapat dalam al-Qur’an pada ayat ini (di atas).’ Beliau berkata, ‘Kerana para ulama sepakat bahawa selepas penurunannya tidak ada sebarang peperangan yang mereka diseru untuk menyertainya kecuali seruan Abu Bakr, dan (seruan itu) kepada orang ramai untuk memerangi mereka yang murtad (daripada Islam) dan enggan menunaikan zakat.’ Beliau berkata, ‘Itu menunjukkan wajibnya khilafah Abu Bakr dan wajibnya ketaatan kepadanya, kerana Allah memberitahu kita bahawa sesiapa yang berpaling daripadanya akan diseksa dengan pedih.’ Ibn Kathir berkata: Dan sesiapa yang mentafsirkan ‘kaum yang sangat gagah’ sebagai Parsi dan Rom, maka as-Siddiq ialah orang yang menyediakan dan mempersiapkan tentera untuk memerangi mereka, dan penyempurnaan urusan itu diserahkan kepada ‘Umar dan ‘Uthman yang merupakan dua cabang daripada as-Siddiq. Dan Allah, Maha Tinggi Dia, berfirman, ‘Allah telah menjanjikan kepada orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal soleh bahawa Dia pasti menjadikan mereka khalifah di bumi, ..! (Qur’an 24:

16), ‘They were Banu Hanifah.’ Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Qutaybah said, ‘This ayah is a proof of the khilafah of as-Siddiq, because he was the one who called people to fight them.’ Ihe Shaykh Abu’l-Hasan al-Ashcari said: I heard Abu’l-cAbbas Ibn Shurayh saying, ‘The khilafah of as-Siddiq is in the Qur’an in this ayah (above).’ He said, ‘Because the people of knowledge unanimously agree that after its revelation there was not any fight which they were called to except for Abu Bakr’s calling them, and the people, to fight those who reneged (on their Islam) and refused the zakat! He said, ‘That indicates the necessity of the khilafah of Abu Bakr and the obligation of obedience to him, since Allah informs us that the one who turns away from that will be punished painfully.’ Ibn Kathir said: And whoever explains the ‘people of great power’ as being the Persians and the Byzantines then as-Siddiq is the one who equipped and prepared the armies to go against them, and the completion of their affair was left to cUmar and cUthman who are two branches of as-Siddiq. And Allah, exalted is He, says, 'Allah has promised the ones who believe and do right actions that He will definitely appoint them as khulafa’ in the land, ..! (Qur’an 24: