3.3 Manuskrip Awal
3.3 Early Manuscripts
Bahan Penulisan
Writing Material
Manuskrip awal al-Qur'an biasanya ditulis di atas kulit haiwan. Kita tahu bahawa semasa hayat Nabi ﷺ, sebahagian daripada wahyu telah ditulis di atas pelbagai bahan, seperti tulang, kulit haiwan, pelepah kurma, dan sebagainya. Dakwat disediakan daripada jelaga.
Early manuscripts of the Qur'an were typically written on animal skin. We know that in the lifetime of the Prophet, parts of the revelation were written on all kinds of materials, such as bone, animal skin, palm risps, etc. The ink was prepared from soot.
The user message "Script" is a single word to translate. "Script" in Islamic book context: "Naskah" or "Skrip". Translate to Malay: "Skrip". Skrip
Script
Semua tulisan Al-Qur'an kuno sepenuhnya tanpa sebarang titik diakritik atau tanda baris, sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas. Juga tiada tajuk atau pemisahan antara surah, mahupun sebarang jenis pembahagian lain, malah tiada tanda rasmi yang menunjukkan penghujung sesuatu ayat. Para ulama membezakan antara dua jenis tulisan awal:
All old Qur'anic script is completely without any diacritical points or vowel signs as explained above. Also there are no headings or separations between the sSras nor any other kind of division, nor even any formal indication of the end of a verse. Scholars distinguish between two types of early writing:
Kufi, yang agak berat dan tidak begitu padat.
Kufi, which is fairly heavy and not very dense.
Hijazi, yang lebih ringan, lebih padat, dan sedikit condong ke kanan.
Hijazi, which is lighter, more dense and slightly inclined towards the right.
Sebahagian orang berpendapat bahawa tulisan Hijazi lebih tua daripada tulisan Kufi, manakala yang lain mengatakan bahawa kedua-duanya digunakan pada masa yang sama, tetapi tulisan Hijazi adalah gaya yang kurang formal. [Ini adalah pandangan N. Abbott: 'Kita tidak lagi dapat menarik garis pemisah kronologi antara apa yang lazimnya disebut tulisan Kufi dan tulisan Naskhi, mahupun menganggap yang kedua sebagai perkembangan daripada yang pertama. Hal ini ... kini memerlukan pengiktirafan yang lebih menyeluruh. Bahan-bahan kami menunjukkan bahawa dua kecenderungan berlangsung serentak, kedua-duanya kecenderungan yang semula jadi' (Abbott, op. cit., hlm. 16)]
Some believe that the Hijazi is older than the Kufi, while others say that both were in use at the same time, but that Hijazi was the less formal style. [This is the view of N. Abbott: 'We can no longer draw a chronological demarcation line between what are commonly termed the Kufi and the Naskhi scripts, nor can we consider the latter as a development of the former. This ... now demands a more general recognition. Our materials show that there were two tendencies at work simultaneously, both of them natural ones' (Abbott, op. cit., p.16)]
Beberapa Keanehan Tulisan Kuno
Some Peculiarities Of The Ancient Writing
Banyak salinan al-Qur'an dihasilkan selepas zaman Nabi Muhammad ﷺ dan para Khalifah al-Rasyidin, dan para penulis manuskrip ini sangat mematuhi tulisan (ortografi) al-Qur'an 'Uthmani. Berbanding ejaan Arab yang biasa, terdapat beberapa keistimewaan. Berikut ialah beberapa contohnya, hanya yang berkaitan dengan huruf alif, yā', dan wāw, sebagai contoh: [Untuk contoh lanjut lihat Kamal, op. cit., hlm. 47-9; senarai keistimewaan ini telah disediakan oleh M.
Numerous copies of the Qur'an were made after the time of the Prophet Muhammad and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, and the writers of these manuscripts strictly observed the autography of the 'Uthmanic Qur'an. There are, compared to the usual Arabic spelling, some peculiarities. Here are a few of them, only concerning the letters alif, yti, WtiW, by way of examples: [For more examples see Kamal, op. cit., pp.47-9; a list of these peculiarities has been provided by M.
Hamidullah: 'Keanehan Ortografi dalam teks Al-Qur'an, dalam: Islamic Order, 3 (4), 1981, hlm. 72-86.].
Hamidullah: 'Orthographical Peculiarities in the text of the Qur'an, in: Islamic Order, 3 (4), 1981, pp.72-86.].
Huruf alif sering ditulis di atas huruf lain, bukan setelahnya.
The letter alif is often written on top of a letter instead of afterit.
Huruf ya (atau alif) dalam kata tersebut digugurkan.
The letter ya (or alif) of the word is omitted.
Beberapa perkataan mempunyai huruf waw sebagai ganti huruf alif.
Some words have the letter waw in place of alif.