Segera setelah perjanjian Hudaybiyah ditandatangani antara Rasulullah ﷺ dan kaum Quraisy, suku Khuza'ah berada di bawah perlindungan Rasulullah ﷺ, sedangkan Bani Bakr berpihak kepada kaum Quraisy. Hubungan antara kaum Quraisy dan Rasulullah ﷺ tetap damai, dan kedua belah pihak kembali menjalankan usaha dagang mereka. Kaum Quraisy memperluas perdagangan mereka untuk menutupi kerugian yang mereka alami selama peperangan melawan kaum Muslimin. Rasulullah ﷺ terus menunaikan tugasnya menyampaikan risalah Islam kepada seluruh umat manusia, sekaligus memperkuat kedudukan Negara Islam di Semenanjung Arab serta memberikan rasa aman dan keamanan di dalam negara itu sendiri.

As soon as the treaty of Hudaybiyah was signed between the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and the Quraysh, the tribe of Khuza’ah came under the protection of Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) and Banu Bakr sided with the Quraysh. Relations between the Quraysh and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) remained peaceful and both sides resumed their business. The Quraysh expanded their trade in order to make up for what they had lost during the wars against the Muslims. Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) pursued his task of conveying the Message of Islam to the whole of mankind while simultaneously strengthening the position of the Islamic State over the Arabian Peninsula and providing safety and security within the State itself.

Rasulullah ﷺ menaklukkan benteng-benteng Yahudi di Khaybar, kemudian beliau ﷺ mengirim utusan-utusannya kepada raja-raja berbagai negeri dan menjalin hubungan luar negeri. Beliau ﷺ memperluas kekuasaan Negara Islam hingga mencakup seluruh Semenanjung Arab. Kemudian, tepat satu tahun setelah peristiwa al-Hudaybiyah, Rasulullah ﷺ menyerukan kepada kaum Muslimin untuk bersiap-siap menunaikan ‘Umrah al-Qadha’ (menggantikan ‘umrah yang terhalang di Hudaybiyah), karena pada tahun sebelumnya mereka telah dihalangi untuk melaksanakannya. Sebuah rombongan sebanyak dua ribu orang berangkat dari Madinah, dan sesuai dengan perjanjian Hudaybiyah, tidak seorang pun dari mereka membawa senjata lebih dari satu pedang dalam sarungnya, sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam perjanjian tersebut.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) defeated the Jewish fortifications at Khaybar and then he (pbuh) sent his envoys to the kings of various states and established foreign contacts. He (pbuh) expanded the authority of the Islamic State to the point where it engulfed the whole of the Arabian Peninsula. Then exactly one year after al-Hudaybiyah the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) called on the people to prepare for the ‘Umra ul Qada (making up the Umrah missed at Hudaybiyah) having been excluded from performing it the previous year. A convoy of two thousand men marched from Madinah and, in accordance with the Hudaybiyah agreement, none of the men carried more than the single sword in its sheath as prescribed by it.

Namun, Rasulullah ﷺ khawatir akan pengkhianatan dari kaum Quraisy, maka beliau menyiapkan pasukan berkuda sebanyak seratus orang dan menunjuk Muhammad bin Maslamah sebagai pemimpinnya, dengan perintah untuk memimpin kafilah tetapi tidak melanggar kesucian Makkah, dan mereka pun menaatinya. Kaum Muslimin kemudian melaksanakan ‘umrah yang telah disempurnakan, lalu kembali ke Madinah tanpa insiden. Setelah kembalinya mereka ke Madinah, penduduk Makkah mulai memeluk Islam. Khalid bin al-Walid, ‘Amr bin al-‘Ash, dan penjaga Ka’bah, ‘Utsman bin Thalhah, memeluk Islam, diikuti oleh sejumlah besar penduduk Makkah. Kaum Muslimin semakin hari semakin kuat, sedangkan rasa takut dan kelemahan merasuk ke dalam barisan kaum Quraisy.

However, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) feared betrayal by the Quraysh and he prepared an army of a hundred riders appointing Muhammad ibn Maslamah at its head, with instructions to lead the convoy, but not to trespass the sanctity of Makkah, which they duly obeyed. The Muslims went on to perform the fulfilled ‘Umrah and they returned to Madinah without incident. After their return to Madinah the people of Makkah began embracing Islam. Khalid ibn al- Walid, ‘Amr ibn al-’As and the guardian of the Ka’bah, ‘Uthman ibn Talhah embraced Islam, followed by a large number of people from Makkah. The Muslims grew stronger by the day, whereas fear and weakness crept into the Quraysh’s ranks.

Ketika kaum Muslimin kembali dari Perang Mu'tah dengan menderita korban jiwa yang besar, kaum Quraisy menganggap bahwa kaum Muslimin telah habis, lalu mereka membangkitkan suku Bani Bakr untuk memerangi Khuza'ah dan memasok mereka dengan senjata. Bani Bakr menyerang Khuza'ah, membunuh sebagian dari mereka, dan sisa-sisa Khuza'ah melarikan diri ke Makkah untuk mencari perlindungan. 'Amru bin Salim al-Khuza'i kemudian bergegas ke Madinah dan memberitahukan kepada Rasulullah ﷺ apa yang telah terjadi, serta memohon pertolongan beliau. Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab, "Semoga engkau mendapat pertolongan, wahai 'Amru bin Salim."

When the Muslims returned from the battle of Mu’tah, having suffered a large number of casualties, the Quraysh deemed that the Muslims were finished, so they motivated the tribe of Banu Bakr against Khuza’ah and supplied them with weapons. Banu Bakr attacked Khuza’ah killing some of their men and the remaining Khuza’ah fled to Makkah for refuge. ‘Amru ibn Salim al-Khuza’i then hurried to Madinah and told the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) what had happened and implored his help. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) replied, “May you be helped, O ‘Amru ibn Salim.”.

Rasulullah ﷺ memutuskan bahwa pelanggaran perjanjian oleh Quraisy ini tidak boleh diabaikan, dan tidak dapat diperbaiki kecuali dengan penaklukan Makkah. Quraisy menjadi takut akan akibat dari pelanggaran perjanjian, maka mereka mengutus Abu Sufyan ke Madinah dengan tujuan memperkuat perjanjian dengan meminta perpanjangan. Namun, Abu Sufyan tidak langsung menemui Rasulullah ﷺ, melainkan pergi ke rumah putrinya, Ummu Habibah, istri Rasulullah ﷺ. Ketika ia hendak duduk di atas tempat tidur Rasulullah ﷺ, Ummu Habibah melipatnya sehingga ia tidak dapat duduk di atasnya. Ketika ayahnya bertanya apakah ia melipatnya karena ia terlalu baik untuk tempat itu atau karena tempat itu terlalu baik untuknya, ia menjawab, "Ini adalah tempat tidur Rasulullah ﷺ, sedangkan engkau adalah musyrik yang najis, maka aku tidak ingin engkau duduk di atasnya." Abu Sufyan menjawab, "Demi Allah, sejak engkau meninggalkanku, engkau menjadi buruk." Lalu ia pergi dengan penuh amarah.

Upon this the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) decided that this breach of the treaty by the Quraysh could not be ignored nor could it be corrected except by the conquest of Makkah. The Quraysh became afraid of the consequences of breaking the treaty, so they sent Abu Sufyan to Madinah with the aim of strengthening the treaty by asking for an extension. However, Abu Sufyan did not go directly to meet Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) and instead went to the home of his daughter Umm Habibah, wife of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). As he moved to sit on the Messenger of Allah’s bed she folded it up so that he could not sit on it. When her father asked her whether she had folded it because he was too good for it or whether it was too good for him, she replied, “It is the Messenger of Allah’s bed and you are a filthy polytheist so I do not want you to sit on it.” Abu Sufyan replied, “By Allah since you left me you have turned bad.” He then left in a rage.

Kemudian Abu Sufyan berhasil berbicara dengan Rasulullah ﷺ dan meminta perpanjangan perjanjian yang sangat ia inginkan, tetapi ia tidak mendapat jawaban apa pun karena ia sama sekali diabaikan. Selanjutnya ia pergi menemui Abu Bakar dan memohon agar Abu Bakar berbicara kepada Rasulullah ﷺ atas namanya. Abu Bakar menolak melakukannya. Lalu ia mendatangi 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, yang membentaknya dengan keras seraya berkata, "Haruskah aku menjadi perantara untukmu kepada Rasulullah ﷺ? Demi Allah, seandainya aku hanya memiliki seekor semut, niscaya aku akan memerangimu dengannya." Akhirnya ia pergi menemui 'Ali ibn Abi Thalib yang sedang bersama Fatimah, dan ia memohon agar 'Ali menjadi perantara kepada Rasulullah ﷺ. 'Ali menjawab bahwa jika Rasulullah ﷺ telah menetapkan suatu perkara, maka sia-sia bagi siapa pun untuk mencoba membujuk beliau agar membatalkannya. Lalu ia menoleh kepada Fatimah dan memintanya agar membiarkan putranya, Hasan, menjadi pelindung di antara manusia. Fatimah berkata, "Tidak seorang pun dapat memberikan perlindungan terhadap Rasulullah ﷺ." Pada titik ini Abu Sufyan menjadi putus asa, lalu ia segera berkendara kembali ke Makkah dan menceritakan kepada kaumnya pengalamannya di Madinah. Sementara itu, Rasulullah ﷺ menyerukan kepada kaum Muslimin untuk bersiap menghadapi pertempuran, dan beliau berangkat bersama mereka menuju Makkah. Beliau ﷺ berharap dapat mengejutkan kaum Quraisy agar mereka menyerah, sehingga pertumpahan darah dapat dihindari.

Later Abu Sufyan managed to talk to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and to ask for the extension to the treaty which he so badly desired, but he did not receive any reply as he was ignored completely. Next he went to Abu Bakr and pleaded with him to speak to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on his behalf. Abu Bakr refused to do so. Then he approached ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab who rebuked him harshly saying, “Should I intercede for you with the Messenger of Allah? By Allah if I had only an ant I would fight you with it.” Finally he went to see ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib who was with Fatimah and he appealed to him to intercede with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). ‘Ali answered that if the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) had determined a thing then it was useless for anyone to try to talk him out of it. Turning to Fatimah he asked her to let her son Hasan be a protector between men. She said, “None could give protection against the Messenger of Allah.” At this point Abu Sufyan became desperate and he rode off shortly back to Makkah where he told his people about his experience in Madinah. Meanwhile, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) urged his people to prepare for battle and he marched with them towards Makkah. He (pbuh) was hoping to take the Quraysh by surprise in order to force them to surrender and thus avoid bloodshed.

Pasukan Muslim yang berjumlah sepuluh ribu orang berangkat dari Madinah untuk menaklukkan Makkah. Akhirnya mereka sampai di Marr al-Dahran, yang berjarak sekitar lima kilometer dari Makkah, tanpa diketahui oleh kaum Quraisy. Meskipun demikian, kaum Quraisy memperkirakan adanya serangan, dan para pemimpin mereka masih berdebat tentang bagaimana cara menghadapinya. Selama waktu itu, Abu Sufyan yang selalu waspada keluar untuk menilai bahaya yang mengancam Makkah, dan ia bertemu dengan al-'Abbas, yang saat itu sudah memeluk Islam. Al-'Abbas sedang menunggangi bagal putih milik Rasulullah ﷺ dalam sebuah tugas untuk memperingatkan kaum Quraisy agar mencari perlindungan atau menghadapi kehancuran dari kaum Muslimin, karena kaum Quraisy tidak berada dalam posisi untuk menghalangi jalan Rasulullah ﷺ. Al-'Abbas berkata kepada Abu Sufyan, "Ini adalah Rasulullah ﷺ beserta pasukannya, dan aku khawatir akan keselamatanmu dan kaum Quraisy jika ia memasuki Makkah dengan paksa." Abu Sufyan bertanya, "Apa yang bisa kita lakukan?" Al-'Abbas memintanya untuk naik di belakangnya, dan bersama-sama mereka akan pergi menemui Rasulullah ﷺ dan memohon perlindungannya. Ketika mereka melintasi perkemahan kaum Muslimin, mereka melewati api unggun 'Umar. 'Umar mengenali bagal Rasulullah ﷺ dan juga melihat musuh bebuyutannya, Abu Sufyan.

The Muslim army numbering ten thousand set off from Madinah to conquer Makkah. They eventually reached Marr al-Dahran, which was about five kilometers from Makkah, without the knowledge of the Quraysh. Although, the Quraysh expected an invasion and their leaders were still debating how they should counter it. During this time, the ever vigilant Abu Sufyan came out to assess the danger that was looming over Makkah when he was met by al- ‘Abbas, who had by then accepted Islam. He was riding the Messenger of Allah’s white mule on an errand to warn the Quraysh to seek protection or face annihilation from the Muslims, since the Quraysh were not in a position to stand in the Messenger of Allah’s way. Al-‘Abbas said to Abu Sufyan, “This is the Messenger of Allah and his army and I fear for you and the Quraysh if he should enter Makkah by force.” Abu Sufyan asked, “What is there to do?” Al- ‘Abbas asked him to ride behind him and together they would go to meet the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and seek his protection. As they proceeded through the Muslim encampment, they passed by ‘Umar’s fire. ‘Umar recognized the Messenger’s mule and also spotted his implacable enemy Abu Sufyan.

Ketika al-‘Abbas menyadari bahwa ia hendak memberikan perlindungan kepada Abu Sufyan, ‘Umar bergegas menuju kemah tempat Rasulullah ﷺ berada untuk meminta beliau memenggal kepala Abu Sufyan. Namun, al-‘Abbas memacu keledainya dan tiba di sana lebih dahulu daripada ‘Umar. Begitu masuk, ia berseru, “Wahai Rasulullah ﷺ, aku telah memberikan perlindungan kepadanya.” Terjadilah perdebatan sengit antara ‘Umar dan al-‘Abbas. Maka Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda kepada al-‘Abbas, “Bawalah ia ke tempatmu, dan bawa kembali ia besok pagi.” Keesokan harinya, Abu Sufyan dibawa menghadap Rasulullah ﷺ, dan ia pun memeluk Islam.

Realizing that al-‘Abbas wanted to seek protection for Abu Sufyan, ‘Umar dashed to the tent where the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was in order to ask him to cut off Abu Sufyan’s head. However, al-‘Abbas galloped his mule there ahead of ‘Umar exclaiming as he entered, “O Messenger of Allah, I have offered him my protection.” A serious argument between ‘Umar and al-‘Abbas arose, whereupon the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said to al-‘Abbas, “Take him away to your quarters and bring him back in the morning.” The next day Abu Sufyan was brought to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) whereupon he embraced Islam.

Al-‘Abbas berkata kepada Rasulullah ﷺ, “Wahai Rasulullah! Abu Sufyan adalah seorang yang suka dihormati, bisakah engkau melakukan sesuatu untuknya?” Mendengar hal itu, Rasulullah ﷺ mengumumkan, “Siapa yang masuk ke rumah Abu Sufyan maka ia aman, siapa yang menutup pintunya maka ia aman, dan siapa yang masuk ke Masjid maka ia aman.” Rasulullah ﷺ kemudian memerintahkan agar Abu Sufyan ditahan di bagian sempit lembah tempat gunung menjorok, agar seluruh pasukan Muslim melewatinya dan ia dapat melihat mereka. Setelah itu, ia bergegas kembali kepada kaumnya sambil berteriak sekeras-kerasnya, “Ini Muhammad yang datang kepada kalian dengan pasukan yang tidak mampu kalian lawan. Siapa yang masuk ke rumah Abu Sufyan maka ia aman, siapa yang menutup pintunya maka ia aman, dan siapa yang masuk ke Masjid maka ia aman.” Mendengar itu, kaum Quraisy menghentikan perlawanan mereka. Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ berjalan dan memasuki Makkah dalam keadaan tetap waspada. Beliau ﷺ telah memerintahkan para panglimanya untuk membagi pasukan menjadi empat divisi dan tidak berperang atau menumpahkan darah kecuali jika terpaksa. Pasukan memasuki Makkah tanpa menghadapi perlawanan, kecuali divisi Khalid bin al-Walid, yang segera menanganinya.

Al-‘Abbas said to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), “O Messenger of Allah! Abu Sufyan is a man who likes to have some cause for pride, could you not do something for him?” Upon hearing this Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) proclaimed that, “He who enters Abu Sufyan’s house is safe, and he who locks his door is safe, and he who enters the Masjid is safe.” Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) then ordered that Abu Sufyan be detained in the narrow part of the valley where the mountain projected so that the whole Muslim army would pass by him and he would see them. Afterwards, he hurried back to his people shouting at the top of his voice, “This is Muhammad who has come to you with a force you cannot resist. He who enters Abu Sufyan’s house is safe, and he who locks his door is safe, and he who enters the Masjid is safe.” On hearing this the Quraysh aborted their resistance. Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) marched and entered Makkah, while remaining on the alert. He (pbuh) had instructed his commanders to split into four divisions and not to fight or shed any blood unless they were forced to do so. The army entered Makkah meeting no resistance except the division of Khalid ibn al-Walid, who quickly dealt with it.

Rasulullah ﷺ turun dari kendaraannya di bagian atas Makkah, dan beliau berhenti sejenak sebelum melangkah menuju Ka'bah, lalu beliau mengelilinginya sebanyak tujuh kali. Kemudian beliau memanggil 'Utsman bin Thalhah, dan ia membukakan Ka'bah. Orang-orang berkumpul di sekeliling beliau, lalu beliau ﷺ menyampaikan sabda dengan membacakan ayat,

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) dismounted at the top of Makkah where he stopped for awhile before marching towards the Ka’bah, which he circumambulated seven times. He (pbuh) then summoned ‘Uthman ibn Talhah and he opened the Ka’bah. People gathered around him, and he (pbuh) addressed them by reciting the verse,

"Wahai manusia, sesungguhnya Kami menciptakan kalian dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan, dan menjadikan kalian berbangsa-bangsa dan bersuku-suku agar kalian saling mengenal. Sesungguhnya yang paling mulia di antara kalian di sisi Allah ialah yang paling bertakwa. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui, Maha Teliti." [Al-Hujurat, 49:13].

“O mankind, We created you from male and female, and made you into peoples and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honourable of you in the sight of Allah is that who has “At-Taqwa”. Verily, Allah is All knowing. All-Aware.” [Al-Hujurat, 49:13].

Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ bertanya, “Wahai orang-orang Quraisy, menurut kalian apa yang akan aku lakukan terhadap kalian?” Mereka menjawab, “Baik! Engkau adalah saudara yang mulia, putra dari saudara yang mulia.” Beliau ﷺ bersabda, “Pergilah kalian, karena kalian bebas.” Di dalam Ka’bah, Rasulullah ﷺ memerintahkan agar gambar-gambar malaikat dan nabi yang menghiasi dindingnya dirobohkan. Beliau ﷺ juga menemukan seekor merpati yang terbuat dari kayu, lalu beliau mematahkannya dengan tangan beliau dan kemudian membuangnya. Terakhir, Rasulullah ﷺ menunjuk kepada sejumlah besar berhala yang ada dengan tongkat di tangan beliau, dan beliau membacakan ayat,

Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) asked, “O Quraysh, what do you think I am about to do with you ?” They replied, “Good! You are a noble brother, son of a noble brother.” He (pbuh) said, “Go your own way for you are free.” Inside the Ka’bah, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) ordered the pictures of angels and prophets which were decorating its walls to be torn down. He (pbuh) also found a dove made out of wood which he broke in his hands and then threw it away. Lastly, Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) pointed to the multitude of idols present with a stick in his hand and he recited the verse,

"Dan katakanlah: Yang benar telah datang dan yang batil telah lenyap. Sesungguhnya yang batil itu pasti lenyap." [Al-Isra, 17:81].

“And say: Truth has come and Batil has vanished. Surely! Batil is ever bound to vanish.” [Al-Isra, 17:81].

Semua berhala runtuh telentang satu demi satu, kemudian dibakar, dihancurkan, dan dibuang. Kini rumah suci itu akhirnya disucikan.

All the idols collapsed onto their backs one after the other, then they were burned, broken up and disposed of. Now the sacred house was finally purified.

Rasulullah ﷺ tinggal di Makkah selama lima belas hari, dan selama itu beliau ﷺ mengatur urusan-urusannya serta mengajarkan Islam kepada orang-orang.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) remained in Makkah for fifteen days, during which time he (pbuh) organized its affairs and taught the people Islam.

Demikianlah Makkah sepenuhnya dibebaskan, dan akibatnya rintangan utama yang menghadang dakwah Islam akhirnya dapat diatasi. Kemenangan besar itu diraih dengan hanya menyisakan beberapa kantong perlawanan di Semenanjung Arab, seperti Hunayn dan kota Ta'if. Perlawanan tersebut tidak diperkirakan akan sulit untuk diatasi.

Thus was Makkah completely liberated and as a result the main obstacle standing in the way of the Islamic campaign had finally been overcome. The great victory was achieved with only a few pockets of resistance, such as Hunayn and the city of Ta’if, remaining in the Arabian Peninsula. These were not expected to prove difficult to remove.