"Xalifalar davrida masihiylar va yahudiylarning olimlari nafaqat katta hurmatga sazovor bo'lgan, balki katta mas'uliyatli lavozimlarga tayinlangan va hukumatda yuqori mansablarga ko'tarilgan....U (Xalifa Horun ar-Rashid) olimning qaysi mamlakatga mansubligini yoki uning dini va e'tiqodini hech qachon hisobga olmagan, balki faqat ilm sohasidagi mahoratini hisobga olgan." -- Dr. Uilyam Dreyper Kardinal Ratsingerning Papa Benedikt XVI sifatida taxtga o'tirishi ko'plab masalalarni yuzaga chiqardi, ular uning papalik faoliyatini zaiflashtirishi mumkin. Ularning orasida eng asosiysi Islomning qarshiligi va Yevropadagi xristianlarning dunyoviylashuvidir.

“During the period of the Caliphs the learned men of the Christians and the Jews were not only held in great esteem but were appointed to posts of great responsibility, and were promoted to the high ranking job in the government....He (Caliph Haroon Rasheed) never considered to which country a learned person belonged nor his faith and belief, but only his excellence in the field of learning.” -- Dr. William Draper he inauguration of Cardinal Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI has brought to the fore a host of issues, which threaten to undermine his papacy. Chief among them is the challenge from Islam and the secularization of Christians in Europe.

Vatikan Islomga qanday yondashish masalasida bir oz bo‘linib ketgan.

The Vatican is somewhat divided on how to tackle Islam.

Ba'zi kardinallar musulmon-moderatlar bilan yaqinlashishni va Vatikanning islomga nisbatan munosabatini yumshatishni ma'qullaydi. "Keyingi papa dunyoning turli dinlari, xususan, Islom bilan muloqot qila oladigan inson bo'lishi kerak… Islom yuksalmoqda, rivojlangan dunyoda esa, hech bo'lmaganda, nasroniylik tanazzulga yuz tutmoqda", — dedi Pontifik Grigoriy universitetining ilohiyot professori, yezuit rohib Keyt F. Peklers. Bu yondashuv 1986 yilda musulmon mamlakatiga tashrif buyurgan birinchi papa bo'lgan Yoann Pavel II bayon etgan yondashuvni eslatadi.

Some cardinals are in the favour of reaching out to moderate Muslims and tapering the Vatican’ s attitudes towards Islam. “The next pope will need to be someone capable of dialoguing with the different religions of the world, and particularly Islam… Islam is on the rise, and Christianity, at least in the developed world, is in decline”, said the Rev. Keith F. Pecklers, a Jesuit professor of theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University. This approach is reminiscent of the one articulated by Pope John Paul II who in 1986 became the first pope to visit a Muslim country.

Marokash safari davomida u shunday dedi: "Biz bir xil Xudoga, yagona va yagona Xudoga ishonamiz, U dunyoni yaratgan va uning mavjudotlarini kamolotga yetkazgan." Shu tariqa Islom bilan dinlararo muloqot ta'limoti vujudga keldi. Keyingi yigirma yil davomida ushbu ta'limot Vatikan va islom dunyosi o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni belgilab berdi.

During the visit to Morocco he said, “We believe in the same God, the one and the only God, who created the world and brought its creatures to perfection.” Hence the doctrine of inter-faith dialogue with Islam was born. For the next twenty years this doctrine defined the relations between the Vatican and the Islamic world.

Boshqa kardinallar islomga nisbatan ancha qattiqroq pozitsiyani afzal ko'radi. National Catholic Reporter nashrining Vatikan muxbiri Jon Allen moderat islom degan narsa mavjudligiga shubha bilan qaraydi. “Ular [kardinallar] nima kerak bo'lsa, qattiq mehr deb o'ylashadi. Eng dahshatli stsenariy shundaki, bir kuni uyg'onamiz-u, Muqaddas Yer masihiylardan bo'shab qoladi”, dedi Allen. Bu guruh bildirgan qarashlar Papa Benedikt XVI bilan bir ovozdan chiqayotganga o'xshaydi, u yaqinda Turkiyaning masihiy Yevropaga qo'shilishi g'oyasini kulgi bilan rad etgan edi. O'tgan avgust oyida Ratsinger shunday dedi: “Tarix davomida Turkiya doim Yevropaga qarama-qarshi, boshqa qit'ani ifodalab kelgan. Ikki qit'ani bir xil qilish xato bo'lar edi.” 2004 yil noyabrida Ratsinger musulmonlarni islomni siyosiylashtirishda tanqid qildi va musulmonlar masihiylikdan ko'p narsani o'rganishlari kerakligini ta'kidladi.

Other cardinals prefer a much tougher stance towards Islam. John Allen, the Vatican correspondent of the National Catholic Reporter, is sceptical that there is such a thing as moderate Islam. “They [cardinals] think what is needed is tough love. The nightmare scenario is that one day we’ ll wake up and the Holy Land will be empty of Christians”, Allen said. The views expressed by this group appear to be in unison with Pope Benedict XVI, who not so long ago scoffed at the idea of Turkey joining Christian Europe. Last August, Ratzinger said, “In the course of history, Turkey has always represented a different continent, in permanent contrast to Europe. Making the two continents identical would be a mistake.” Back in November 2004, Ratzinger criticized Muslims for politicizing Islam and stressed that Muslims had a great deal to learn from Christianity.

Ratzinger dedi: “Musulmonlar diniy erkinlik va cherkov bilan davlat o‘rtasidagi ajratish muhimligini xristian madaniyatidan o‘rganishlari kerak.” Haqiqiy dunyoda Vatikan tomonidan islomning keltirib chiqaradigan muammolari ortiqcha baholanadi, holbuki ular dunyodagi bir milliard atrofidagi katoliklarga sekulyarizmning ta’siri bilan solishtirganda juda kichik. Ancha katta xavf esa Yevropadagi katoliklarning sekulyarlashuvidir, bu boshqa har qanday qit’adagidan ancha yuqori. 1999–2000 yillarda o‘tkazilgan va ikki yil oldin e’lon qilingan Yevropa qadriyatlari tadqiqotiga ko‘ra, yevropaliklarning atigi 21 foizi din ular uchun “juda muhim” ekanini aytgan. Diniy hayot va jamoat hayoti bo‘yicha AQShda Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life tomonidan o‘tkazilgan shunga o‘xshash so‘rovda bu ko‘rsatkich deyarli 60 foizni tashkil etgan.

Ratzinger said, “Muslims should learn from the Christian culture the importance of religious freedom, and the separation between church and state.” In the real world, the challenges posed by Islam are not only overstated by the Vatican, but are miniscule in comparison to the influence of secularism on the world’ s billion or so Catholics. A far greater threat is the secularization of Catholics in Europe, which is significantly higher than any other continent. Only 21 percent of Europeans say that religion is "very important" to them, according to the European Values Study, conducted in 1999 and 2000 and published two years ago. A similar survey in the United States by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life put the number at nearly 60 percent.

Shuningdek, butun Yevropa bo'ylab masjid emas, balki cherkovlarga qatnashish (ommaviy ibodatda ishtirok etish) sezilarli darajada kamaygan.

Beyond that, Mass attendance has significantly declined throughout Europe.

Katoliklar orasida faqat Niderlandiyada 10 foiz, 12

Among Catholics, only 10 percent in the Netherlands, 12

foiz Fransiyada, 15 foiz Germaniya va Avstriyada, 18

percent in France, 15 percent in Germany and Austria, 18

...foizi Ispaniyada va 25 foizi Italiyada har hafta ibodatga (Mass) qatnashadi. Shu sababli ba'zi katoliklarning dunyoviy Yevropada xristianlikning kelajagi haqida keskin xavotir bildirishi ajablanarli emas. "Ba'zi odamlar Yevropaga qarab, uni ruhan charchagan, hatto o'lgan deb ko'radi", dedi Rimdagi Muqaddas Xoch Papa universitetida dars beradigan rahbar Jon Vauk.

percent in Spain and 25 percent in Italy attend weekly Mass. Therefore it is not surprising to find some Catholics voicing extreme concerns for the future of Christianity in a secular Europe. “Some people look at Europe and see it spiritually tired, if not dead,” said the Rev. John Wauck, who teaches at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome.

Katolik cherkovi uchun Yevropadagi kamayib borayotgan xristian aholisidan tashqari, Vatikanga asosiy tahdid katolik haqiqatlarini yolg'on sifatida qayta talqin qilishga qat'iy kirishgan dunyoviy fundamentalistlar tomonidan keladi. Katolik ta'limotlari — ayollarning ruhoniy etib tayinlanishi, tug'ilishni nazorat qilish, abort, bir jinsli nikohlar, bir jinsli juftliklar tomonidan bola asrab olish, evtanaziya va Rojdestvoning tijoratlashtirilishi — bu hujumning eng katta zarbasini his qilmoqda. Bu tendensiyaga izoh berar ekan, Wauck Yevropa Ittifoqi "radikal dunyoviy madaniyat" bilan "zaharlangan" ko'rinadi, dedi. Ratzinger ham yangi papani saylash uchun konklav boshlanishidan bir necha soat oldin shunga o'xshash bahoni bergan edi. U shunday dedi: "Biz nisbiylik diktaturasi tomon harakatlanmoqdamiz... u hech narsani aniq deb tan olmaydi va yakuniy o'lchov sifatida faqat insonning o'z ego'si va o'z istaklarini qoldiradi." Endi Ratzinger rasman yangi Papa etib tayinlanganidan so'ng, u katolitsizmni va uning qadriyatlarini qanday eng yaxshi himoya qilishni hal qilishi kerak. Uning eng zudlik bilan qiladigan tashvishi, shuningdek uni saylagan kardinallarning tashvishi, katolitsizmdan voz kechib, agnostik turmush tarzini tanlagan kishilarni qaytarib olishdir.

Apart from the dwindling Christian population in Europe, the principal threat to the Vatican comes from the direction of secular fundamentalists who are adamant in recasting catholic truths as falsehoods. Catholic teachings regarding the inauguration of women priests, birth control, abortion, gay marriages, adoption by same-sex couples, euthanasia and the commercialization of Christmas bear the brunt of this onslaught. Commenting on this trend, Wauck said that the union (European Union) seems to be “infected” with a “radically secular culture”. Ratzinger delivered similar assessment hours before the conclave got underway to elect the new pope. He said, ”We are moving toward a dictatorship of relativism . . . that recognizes nothing definite and leaves only one’ s own ego and one’ s own desires as the final measure.” Now that Ratzinger has been officially installed as the new Pope he must decide on how best to protect Catholicism and its values. His immediate concern and those of the cardinals who elected him is to win over those who have shunned Catholicism in preference for an agnostic life-style.

Ushbu vazifani bajarish uchun Papa Benedikt XVI dunyoning dunyoviy kuchlari bilan ittifoq tuza olmaydi va nasroniy e'tiqodini himoya qilish uchun dunyoning hech qanday dunyoviy institutlariga tayana olmaydi.

To accomplish this feat, Pope Benedict XVI cannot ally himself with the secular powers of the world or rely on any of the world’ s secular institutions to defend the Christian faith.

Sekulyarizm va uning tarafdorlari Yahudiy-xristian tarixining mahsuli bo‘lishiga qaramay, hech qanday dinni, jumladan xristianlikni himoya qilishdan manfaatdor emas. Masalan, 2002 yil may oyida prezident Bush Papa Ioann Pavel II va boshqa xristian mazhablari rahbarlarining kuchli iltijolariga qaramay, Isroilning Tug‘ilish cherkovini o‘qqa tutishining oldini olish uchun hech narsa qilmadi.

Secularism and its practitioners despite being a by-product of Judaeo-Christian history are not interested in defending Christianity or for that matter any faith. For instance, in May 2002 President Bush did nothing to prevent Israel from shelling the Church of Nativity, despite strong appeals from Pope John Paul II and leaders of other Christian sects.

Xuddi shunday, 2003-yilda Amerika Iroqqa bostirib kirishidan oldin prezident Bush urushga qarshi chiqqan evangelist nasroniylar bilan uchrashishdan bosh tortdi, ammo neft kompaniyalarining lobbichilarini qabul qilishda davom etdi.

Similarly, before the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, President Bush refused to meet evangelical Christians who were opposed to the war, but continued to entertain lobbyist from oil companies.

Din va diniy e'tiqodga ega bo'lgan odamlar dunyoviy aqidaparastlar uchun nafratlanarli narsa bo'lib, ularga zo'rg'a toqat qilinadi. O'z diniy o'ziga xosligini saqlab qolishni istagan imonli insonlar dunyoviy jamiyatlarda haqorat va tahqirlash nishoniga aylanadi. Dunyoviy hokimiyat organlari ommaviy axborot vositalari va siyosiy maydon kabi vositalardan foydalanib, dunyoviy qadriyatlarga qarshi turganlarni doimiy ravishda ta'qib qiladi. Bu ular taslim bo'lmaguncha yoki dunyoviy kishilarning moddiy dunyoqarashiga mos kelish uchun e'tiqodlarini o'zgartirmaguncha davom etadi.

Religion and people who profess religious beliefs is an anathema to secularist fundamentalists and are barely tolerated. The people of faith who wish to retain their religious identity become the object of abuse within secular societies. Secular authorities utilize instruments such as the media and the political medium to constantly hound those that resist secular values. This continues until they capitulate or change their beliefs to conform to the materialistic worldview of the secularists.

Katolitsizm, shuningdek boshqa nasroniy dinlari ham, Gʻarb, ayniqsa Yevropa davlatlarining homiyligi ostida katta zulm koʻrdi. "Soʻz erkinligi" va "diniy erkinlik" niqobi ortida sekulyaristlar Katolitsizmni toʻxtovsiz haqorat qilib, Rim cherkovini oʻz qarashlari va amaliyotini oʻzgartirishga majbur qildilar. Bugun katolik taʼlimotlari va haqiqatlari deyarli tanib boʻlmas holga kelgan va Vatikan seкулyar kuchlarga qarshi qat'iy turmasa, yaqin orada yoʻqolib ketish xavfi ostida turibdi.

Catholicism as well as other Christian faiths has suffered immensely under the patronage of secular western states, particularly European states. Retreating behind the veil of ‘freedom of speech’ , and ‘freedom of religion’ , secularists have relentlessly abused Catholicism and forced the Roman Church to adapt its views and practices. Today, Catholic teachings and truths are scarcely recognizable and face imminent extinction, unless the Vatican takes a firm stand against the secular powers.

Dunyoning boshqa dinlari, jumladan yahudiylik, hinduizm, sikhizm va boshqa xristian mazhablari bilan ittifoq tuzish Rim cherkovining taqdirini o'zgartirmaydi. Bu dinlar sekulyarizmning xavfli mafkurasiga qarshi tura olmaydi va ular ham dunyoviy kuchlar qurboniga aylangan. Buning ikki sababi bor. Birinchidan, ular barchasi sekulyarizm mafkurasiga qarshi chiqish uchun intellektual dinamizmga ega bo'lmagan hissiy e'tiqodga asoslangan. Ikkinchidan, ular inson mavjudligiga faqat ma'naviy nuqtai nazardan qarайдigan, sekulyarizmga haqiqiy muqobil bo'la oladigan ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayot tizimini taklif qila olmaydigan e'tiqodlarga asoslangan.

Forming an alliance with other world faiths such as Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism and other Christian denominations will not alter the fate of the Roman Church. These religions are unable to stand up to the menacing ideology of secularism and they too have fallen prey to the secular powers. This is because of two reasons. First, they are all founded on an emotional creed that does not possess the intellectual dynamism to challenge the ideology of secularism. Second, they are based on creeds that only offer a spiritual perspective on human existence and are unable to present a social-political system of life that is a real alternative to secularism.

Islom dunyodagi sekulyarizmga qarshi tura oladigan va turli dinlarga mansub odamlarga haqiqiy himoya bera oladigan yagona mafkuradir. Islom buni uddalay oladi, chunki uning markazida ergashuvchilariga ruhiy oziq beradigan va musulmonlar hamda musulmon bo'lmaganlar qonun oldida teng ko'riladigan keng qamrovli ijtimoiy-siyosiy tizimni taklif qiladigan ruhiy va siyosiy e'tiqod yotadi.

Islam is the sole ideology in the world that is able to counter secularism and offer genuine protection to people belonging to different faiths. Islam is able to achieve this, because at its heart is a spiritual and political creed that provides spiritual nourishment to its adherents and offers a comprehensive social-political system, where Muslims and non-Muslims are treated equally before the law.

Qadimda, Islom amalda tatbiq etilgan davrlarda, masalan Islomiy Ispaniyada, Toledo, Kordova va Granada shaharlarida yashagan yahudiylar, nasroniylar va musulmonlar misli ko'rilmagan bag'rikenglik va farovonlikdan bahramand bo'lishgan. Martin Xyum o'zining "Ispaniya xalqi" kitobida shunday yozgan: "Yangi hukmdorlar bilan birga nasroniylar va yahudiylar tinchlikda yashashgan. Savdo va sanoat bilan boy bo'lgan yahudiylar ruhoniylar hukmronligi ostidagi Gotlar tomonidan qilingan zulmni unutishga rozi bo'lishgan".

In the past, when Islam was implemented practically, as in Islamic Spain, Jews, Christians and Muslims living in the Spanish cities of Toledo, Cordoba and Granada, enjoyed unrivalled tolerance and prosperity. Martin Hume wrote in his book Spanish Peopleiv: “Side by side with the new rulers lived the Christians and Jews in peace. The latter rich with commerce and industry were content to let the memory of their oppression by the priest-ridden Goths sleep”.

Biroq, 1492 yilda katolik hukmdorlari Isabella va Ferdinand Ispaniyani boshqarishni o‘z qo‘lларiga olganlarida, ular bag‘rikenglikka bag‘rikenglik bilan javob bermadilar, balki Ispaniyani uning yahudiy va musulmon aholisidan tozalashga kirishdilar. Papaning duosi bilan Siciliya oroli va Quddus kabi musulmonlar boshqaruvidagi boshqa yerlarda ham shunga o‘xshash shafqatsizliklar amalga oshirildi.

However, when the Catholic monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand took charge of Spain in 1492, they did not reciprocate tolerance but proceeded to expunge Spain of its Jewish and Muslim populace. Similar acts of cruelty with the blessing of the Pope were carried out in other lands controlled by Muslims such as the island of Sicily and Jerusalem.

Bugungi kunda Islom olami sekulyarizmdan Islomga qaytish tomon radikal o‘zgarish boshdan kechirmoqda. Butun Islom olamidagi musulmonlar g‘arb kuchlari va ularning mahalliy vakillari tomonidan ularga zo‘rlab o‘rnatilgan sekulyar tartibga qarshi isyon ko‘tarmoqda. Musulmonlar bu sekulyar avtokratik tuzumlarni ag‘darish va ularning vayronalari ustida Xilofatni qayta tiklash uchun kecha-kunduz harakat qilmoqda. Xilofat o‘rnatilganda, avval sekulyar rejimlar ostida huquqlaridan mahrum etilgan millionlab xristianlarning huquqlari to‘liq tiklanadi. O‘tmishdagi xilofatlarda bo‘lgani kabi, xristian e’tiqodi va ta’limoti himoya qilinadi. Tarix guvohlik beradiki, Rim imperiyasi va bugungi sekulyar tartibdan farqli o‘laroq, xilofat davrida xristian aqidalari va ta’limotlari islomiy qadriyatlarga mos kelishi uchun o‘zgartirilmagan.

Today the Islamic world is experiencing a radical transformation from secularism to Islam. Muslims across the Islamic world are rebelling against the secular order that has been forcibly imposed upon them by western powers and their surrogates. Muslims are working day and night to over throw these secular autocracies and to re-establish the Caliphate on their ruins. With the establishment of the Caliphate, millions of Christians who were previously denied their rights under the secular regimes will have their rights restated in full. And like in the Caliphates of the past, Christian beliefs and teaching will be protected. History bears witness that unlike the Roman Empire and the secular order of today, Christian doctrines and teachings were not changed under the Caliphate to agree with Islamic values.

Shu asosda Papa Benedikt XVI o'zining Islomga va musulmon dunyosiga nisbatan tutgan pozitsiyasini qayta ko'rib chiqishi oqilona bo'lardi. Islomga va musulmonlarga qarshi qattiq munosabatni tanlash o'rniga, yangi Papa islom dunyosidagi musulmonlarning o'z dunyoviy hukumatlarini ag'darib, Xalifalikni qayta tiklash huquqini qo'llab-quvvatlashi kerak. Shu yo'l bilan Papa katolik dinini saqlab qoladi, musulmon dunyosidagi o'z suruvining huquqlarini himoya qiladi va Xalifalik bilan kelgusi munosabatlar uchun yaxshi alomat yuboradi.

Against this background it would be wise for Pope Benedict XVI to reconsider his position towards Islam and the Muslim world. Instead of opting for a harsh stance against Islam and Muslims, the new pope should support the right of Muslims across the Islamic world to overthrow their secular regimes and re-establish the Caliphate. In this way, the pope will be saving Catholicism, protecting the rights of his flock in the Muslim world and sending a good omen for future relations with the Caliphate.

2005-yil 7-may

May 07, 2005