“Jamiyat jinoyatni tayyorlaydi; jinoyatchi uni sodir etadi.” — Genri Tomas Bakl Bradfordxvi, Britaniyada politsiya xodimi Sharon Beshenivskiyning o‘ldirilishi ba’zilarni Britaniya politsiyasini qurollantirishga chaqirishga, boshqalarni esa qurolli jinoyatlarni cheklash uchun qattiqroq qonunlar joriy etishni talab qilishga undadi. BBC Radio 4 radiosining “Today” dasturida so‘zlagan Vest-Yorkshir politsiya federatsiyasi raisi Tom Makgi politsiya xodimlarini muntazam ravishda qurollantirish masalasini qayta ko‘rib chiqishga chaqirdi.

“Society prepares the crime; the criminal commits it.” -- Henry Thomas Buckle The killing of Pc Sharon Beshenivsky in Bradfordxvi, Briton spurred some to call for the arming of the British police force, while others demanded stiffer laws in curbing gun crime. Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Tom McGhie the chairman of the West Yorkshire Police Federation called for a rethink on routinely arming officers.

Home Office ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 1997 yildan buyon Angliya va Uelsda o'q-dori bilan bog'liq huquqbuzarliklar soni har yili ortib bormoqda. Politsiya tomonidan qayd etilgan o'q otish holatlari sakkiz yil ichida deyarli uch baravarga oshgan. Bu hukumatning qurol bilan sodir etiladigan zo'ravonlik jinoyatlarini cheklash borasidagi sa'y-harakatlariga qaramay sodir bo'lmoqda. 2003 yilda o'sha paytdagi ichki ishlar vaziri Devid Blankett bir qator choralarni joriy etdi, jumladan, qurollarni ixtiyoriy topshirish bo'yicha yangi amnistiya, qonunga xilof ravishda o'q-dorini saqlash uchun besh yillik qamoq jazosi hamda qurol bilan bog'liq jinoyatlar bo'yicha guvohlikka chiquvchilarga kuchaytirilgan himoya. Bu choralar Birmingemda ikki yosh qizning shafqatsizlarcha o'ldirilishiga javob sifatida ko'rildi. Biroq bu tashabbuslar zo'ravonlik jinoyatlariga qarshi kurashda kam samara berdi va uning asosiy sabablarini bartaraf etmadi.

The number of offences involving firearms in England and Wales has been increasing each year since 1997, according to the Home Office. Firearms incidents recorded by the police have nearly trebled in eight years. This is despite the government's efforts to curb violent crime involving guns. In 2003, the then Home Secretary David Blunkett introduced a host of measures which included a new gun amnesty, a five year prison sentence for illegal possession of firearms and greater protection to witnesses who testify in gun crime cases. The measures were in response to the brutal killing of two young girls in Birmingham. The initiatives did little to combat violent crime or address its root cause.

So'nggi bir necha oy ichida Britaniya jamoatchiligi qotilliklar, pichoqlab jarohatlash, bolalarni o'g'irlash, zo'rlash va talonchiliklarni o'z ichiga olgan ko'plab yuqori darajadagi jinoyatlarga guvoh bo'ldi. Televizor ko'rgan yoki radio tinglagan har bir kishi bu jinoyatlarning anchagina qismida o'q-dorilardan foydalanilmaganini payqaydi. Zo'ravonlik jinoyatlarini sodir etishning asosiy vositasi pichoq bo'lgan son-sanoqsiz holatlar bor, shunga qaramay vazirlar, siyosatchilar, ijtimoiy xodimlar va politsiyachilar zo'ravonlik jinoyatlarini kamaytirish vositasi sifatida qurol nazoratiga e'tiborni qaratishni tanlamoqda.

Over the past few months the British public has witnessed a large number of high profile crimes involving murders, stabbings, child abductions, rapes and robberies. Anyone turning on the television or listening to the radio will not fail to notice that a fair proportion of these crimes do not involve the use of firearms. There are countless incidents, where knives are the primary means of perpetrating violent crime and still ministers, politicians, social workers, and police officers choose to focus on gun control as a means of reducing violent crime.

Ushbu reaktsion yondashuv jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashda faqat zo‘ravonlik jinoyatlari bilan cheklanib qolmay, barcha turdagi jinoyatlarga nisbatan qo‘llanilmoqda. Muammoni hal qilish o‘rniga, joriy yondashuv jinoyatlarning ko‘payishiga, qo‘shimcha qonunchilikka va allaqachon haddan tashqari to‘lib ketgan qamoqxona tizimiga yanada ko‘p yuk tushishiga olib kelmoqda, shuningdek sudlarga og‘irroq yuk, ruhan tushkunlikka tushgan politsiya kuchi, himoyasiz jamoatchilik va taxminan 60 milliard funt sterling atrofida baholanayotgan katta resurs sarfiga sabab bo‘lmoqda.

This reactionary approach towards tackling crime is not only limited to violent offences, but extends to all forms of crime. Instead of solving the problem the current approach leads to more crime, extra legislation and further strain on the over populated prison system as well as a greater burden on the judiciary, a demoralised police force, a vulnerable public and a huge drain on resources estimated to be in the region of £60 billion.

Shunga o'xshash tendensiyani barcha boshqa G'arb jamiyatlarida ham topish mumkin.

A similar trend can be found in all other Western societies.

Bu jamiyatlarda jamoatchilik jinoyatchilik ortib borayotganini va uni kamaytirish uchun deyarli hech narsa qilib bo‘lmasligini tan olishga ko‘nikib qolgan. Bunday bo‘lishi shart emas. Aksincha, masalaning mohiyati G‘arb jamiyatlarida jinoyat va uning sabablarini noto‘g‘ri tushunishda bo‘lib, bu G‘arb hukumatlarini jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashda samarasiz yechimlarni joriy etishga olib keldi.

In these societies the public is resigned to accept that crime is on the increase and very little can be done to reduce it. This does not need to be the case. Rather, what lies at the heart of the issue is the incorrect understanding in Western societies of crime and its causes; this has led to Western governments implementing ineffective solutions to combat crime.

Hatto qonunning qattiqligi ham odamlarni jinoyat sodir etishdan to'xtata olmaydi. Shu tufayli G'arb hukumatlari ko'p yillardan beri pedofillar, zo'rlovchilar, giyohvandlar, yo'lda o'ynoqilik qiluvchilar, o'g'rilar, firibgarlar va ularga o'xshash jinoyatchilarning ortib borayotgan sonini kamaytirish uchun kurashib kelmoqda — qancha qonun qabul qilishmasin yoki politsiyaga qancha vaqt va pul sarflashmasin, natija bermayapti. Kapitalistik hayot maqsadi jamoatchilikning jinoyatning oldini olishga bo'lgan munosabatiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Kapitalistik jamiyatlardagi odamlar o'zlarining nafsoniy lazzatlarga erishish imkoniyatini saqlab qolishga shunchalik ko'proq e'tibor beradilarki, boshqa odamlarning ham shu huquqdan foydalanishiga yordam berish uchun aralashmaydilar, ayniqsa bunday aralashuv qiyinchilik yoki xavf bilan bog'liq bo'lsa.

Even the severity of the law does not deter people from committing crime. Thus for many years, Western governments have struggled to reduce the growing number of paedophiles, rapists, drug addicts, joy riders, burglars, fraudsters and the like - no matter how many laws they enact or how much time and money they spend on policing. The capitalist goal in life has greatly affected the public's attitude towards preventing crime. The public in capitalist societies are more concerned about preserving their ability to pursue sensual pleasure to the extent that they would not intervene to help other people enjoy their right to pursue pleasure, particularly if such intervention was associated with difficulty or danger.

Jamoatchilik o‘z to‘planib olgan zavq-shavqlariga tahdid soladigan narsa bo‘lmasa, o‘z ko‘z o‘ngida sodir etilgan jinoyatlarni to‘xtatish uchun kamdan-kam aralashadi. Bu tafakkur G‘arb jamiyatlarida odamlarni jinoyatga befarq bo‘lishga o‘rgatgan va shu tufayli jinoyatchilarning ularning orasida gullab-yashnashiga yo‘l ochib bergan.

Unless it is something that threatens their collective pursuit of enjoyment, the public rarely intervenes to stop crimes committed in front of them. This mindset has moulded the public in Western societies to become apathetic towards crime, thereby allowing criminals to thrive amongst them.

Masalan, agar o'g'ri gavjum savdo markazida do'kondan yugurib chiqib ketsa, xaridorlarning ko'pchiligi uning ortidan quvishga ikkilanib qoladi. Agar bir guruh odamlar avtobusda bir kishiga hujum qilsa, aksariyat odamlar o'z o'rindiqlarida jim o'tiradi. Agar ko'chada nafaqaxo'rni talonchilik qilayotgan bo'lsa, aksariyat odamlar bunga e'tibor bermaydi.

For instance if a thief ran out of a shop in a crowded shopping centre, the majority of the shoppers would be hesitant to give chase. If a group of people were attacking an individual on the bus, most people would remain quiet in their seats. If a pensioner was being mugged in the street, most people will ignore it.

Kapitalistik hayotning maqsadi ham kapitalistik davlatlarning jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashish qobiliyatini zaiflashtirdi. Buning sababi shundaki, G‘arb hukumatlarining vazifasi shunday qonunlar chiqarish va siyosatlar amalga oshirishdan iboratki, ular shaxslarga o‘zlarining eng yuqori darajadagi hissiy qoniqishiga erishish imkonini beradi. Ko‘pincha haqiqiy foyda oluvchilar hukumatlarga ta’sir o‘tkaza oladigan kichik bir ozchilik bo‘ladi.

The capitalist goal in life has also undermined the ability of capitalist states to fight crime. This is because the role of Western governments is to pass laws and implement policies which enable individuals to realise their optimal level of sensual fulfilment. All too often, the true benefactors are a small minority of people who are able to influence governments.

Ular o'zlarining zavqlanish huquqini himoya qiladigan, ammo aksariyat xalq hisobiga bo'ladigan qonunlar qabul qilishadi. Navbatda, bu aksariyat xalq bu qonunlarni kapitalistik maqsadga intilish huquqiga adolatsiz ravishda to'siq deb hisoblaydi va shu sababli ko'pchilik qonunni buzishga o'tadi. Masalan, Buyuk Britaniya aholisining aksariyati o'qotar qurollardan nafratlanadi, ammo hukumat nega kino, musiqa, kitob va video o'yinlar orqali zo'ravonlikni baxtga erishishning eng tez yo'li sifatida ulug'laydigan media kompaniyalarga qarshi qayta-qayta hech qanday chora ko'rmayotganini tushuna olmaydi. Xuddi shunday, Amerikada aholining qurol sotishni taqiqlash talabiga hukumat sukut bilan javob beradi. Ikkala holatda ham hukumatlar xalq hisobiga media magnatlari va qurol kompaniyalarining foydasini maksimal darajaga chiqarishga ko'proq e'tibor berishadi.

They pass laws that protect their right to pursue enjoyment at the expense of the vast majority of the people. In turn, this vast majority feel that these laws unfairly impinge on their right to pursue the capitalist goal and hence many resort to breaking the law. For instance, the majority of the British public abhors firearms, but fails to understand why the government has repeatedly taken no action against the media companies that glorify gun violence as the quickest way of attaining happiness through films, music, books and video games. Equally in America, the public's demand to ban the selling of guns is met with government silence. In both cases governments are more interested in allowing the media moguls and gun companies to maximise profits at the cost of the public.

Xuddi shu dalil kambag'al ichki shahar hududlarini qayta qurish masalasiga ham tegishli bo'lib, ularni hukumatlar va boy kapitalistlar tijoriy jihatdan foydasiz deb hisoblab, ataylab e'tiborsiz qoldiradi. Tabiiyki, bunday hududlarda yashovchi odamlar jinoyatga murojaat qiladi. Hatto jinoyatchilarni jazolash ham kapitalistik maqsadga asoslangan: jamiyatdagi potensial jinoyatchilarni qaytarish uchun emas, balki jazolanayotgan jinoyatchining zavq-shavqqa intilishini cheklash uchun jazolar mavjud. Masalan, millioner Jeffri Archer qamoq jazosini o'tayotgan bo'lsa-da, o'zining hashamatli turmush tarzini davom ettira olgan. Shunday ekan, inson xulqining barcha darajalarida hayotdagi kapitalistik maqsad G'arb jamiyatlarida jinoyatning asosiy harakatlantiruvchi kuchidir.

The same argument applies to the redevelopment of deprived inner city areas, which governments and wealthy capitalists intentionally ignore as they are deemed to be commercially unprofitable. Understandably, people living in such areas will resort to crime. Even the punishment of criminals is based upon the capitalist goal; instead of designing punishments to deter potential criminals in society, punishments exist merely to restrict the convicted criminal's pursuit of pleasure. For example the millionaire Geoffrey Archer was able to follow his lavish lifestyle, even though he is serving a custodial sentence. Therefore, at all levels of human behaviour the capitalist goal in life is the main driving force behind crime in Western societies.

Boshqa tomondan, Islom shunday jamiyat yaratadiki, unda jinoyat odatiy holat emas, balki istisno hisoblanadi. Buning sababi shundaki, hayotdagi islomiy maqsad Allohning roziligini izlashdan iborat. Musulmon aynan Allohning (SWT) roziligini izlash orqali baxtga erishadi.

On the other hand, Islam produces a society where crime is not the norm but an exception. This is because the Islamic goal in life is about seeking the pleasure of Allah (SWT). It is through seeking the pleasure of Allah (SWT) that a Muslim attains happiness.

Shu sababli musulmonlar kichik yoki katta har qanday ishni amalga oshirishda juda ehtiyotkor bo‘ladilar, chunki ular oxiratda shular uchun hisobga tortilishlarini bilishadi. Natijasi, bu hayotda Allohning (SWT) amrlari va qaytarishlariga musulmonning rioya qilishiga qarab, jannat yoki do‘zax bo‘ladi. Bu e’tiqod musulmonlarda kuchli taqvo (Allohdan qo‘rqish), boshqalar oldidagi mas’uliyat va islom qonunlari hamda hokimiyatiga itoat tuyg‘usini singdiradi. Shaxs darajasida bu jinoyatga qarshi juda kuchli to‘siq bo‘ladi, chunki inson o‘z harakatlarining oqibatlarini doimo his etib turadi. Alloh (SWT)

Therefore Muslims are extremely careful when undertaking actions, large or small because they know that in the hereafter they will be held accountable for them. The outcome of which will be either paradise or hellfire determined by the Muslim's compliance to Allah (SWT)'s commands and prohibitions in this life. This belief instils in Muslims a strong sense of Taqwa (fear of Allah (SWT)), responsibility towards others and obedience to Islamic laws and authority. At an individual level this becomes a very powerful deterrent against crime, as one is constantly aware of the consequences of one's actions. Allah (SWT)

Qur'onda Alloh eslatadi: {Biz unga tomirdan ham yaqinmiz} [TMQ 50:16]. Bu o'z-o'zini nazorat qilishning namoyon bo'lishi shuni anglatadiki, kapitalistik davlatlardan farqli o'laroq, kelajakdagi Islom davlati jinoyatga qarshi kurashga katta resurslar sarflashi, jinoyatchilarni ushlash uchun keng ko'lamli kuzatuv texnikasidan foydalanishi yoki jinoyatning oldini olishga bag'ishlangan katta politsiya kuchini ishga solishi shart bo'lmaydi.

reminds us in the Quran: "And We are nearer to him than his jugular vein". [TMQ 50:16] The manifestation of this self policing would mean that unlike capitalist countries, the future Islamic state will not need to spend huge resources in fighting crime, use large numbers of surveillance techniques to catch criminals or employ a large police force dedicated to crime prevention.

Xuddi shunday, Islom jamiyatida Allohning roziligini izlash intilishi jamoatchilikda shunday ruhiyatni shakllantiradiki, unda jamiyatni va Islom qonunlarini saqlash shaxsiy manfaatdan muhimroq deb hisoblanadi. Buning sababi shundaki, musulmonlar uchun gunohkorlarning Allohning (SWT) amrlari va qaytariqlarini buzishi to'xtatilishi lozim bo'lgan gunohdir. Islom musulmonlarni ma'ruf (yaxshilik)ga buyurish va munkar (yomonlik)dan qaytarishga majbur qilgan. Payg'ambar ﷺ Abu Sa'id al-Xudriy rivoyat qilgan hadisda shunday degan:

Similarly, the Islamic society's yearning to seek the pleasure of Allah (SWT) will produce a collective mentality amongst the public where the preservation of society and Islamic laws will be regarded as more important than one's own interest. This is because for Muslims, the transgression of the commands and prohibitions of Allah (SWT) by offenders is a sin that must be stopped. Islam has obliged Muslims to enjoin Mar'uf (good) and forbid Munkar (evil). The Prophet (SAW) said in a Hadith narrated by Abu Sa'id al Khudri:

"Kim bir munkarni (yomon yoki noto'g'ri ishni) ko'rsa, uni qo'li bilan o'zgartirsin; qodir bo'lmasa, tili bilan o'zgartirsin. Qodir bo'lmasa, qalbi bilan (o'zgartirsin), bu esa imonning eng zaif darajasidir", [Muslim]. Musulmon bo'lmagan fuqarolar holatida jinoyatning oldini olishga turtki beruvchi omil Islom adolatı bo'ladi.

"Whosoever sees a Munkar (an evil or wrong) let him change it by his hand, if he could not let it be by his tongue. If he could not let it be by his heart, and this is the weakest of Iman". [Muslim] In the case of non-Muslim citizens it will be the justice of Islam that will be the motivating factor for crime prevention.

Bu jamoatchilik fikrini jonlantiradi va jinoyatchilikka qarshi samarali to‘siq bo‘lishiga xizmat qiladi.

This will galvanise public opinion to become an effective deterrent against crime.

Biroq, har doim qonunlarni buzadigan ozchilik bo'ladi. Ular uchun Islom davlat tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan keng qamrovli jazo tizimini belgilagan. Islomdagi jazolar jinoyatchini cheklash uchun emas, balki boshqalarni jinoyat sodir etishdan qaytarish uchun mo'ljallangan. Masalan, o'g'ri haqida Alloh (SWT) shunday deydi: "O'g'ri erkak bo'lsin, ayol bo'lsin, qo'llarini kesing. Bu ular qilgan amallarining mukofotidir, Allohdan ibratli jazodir. Alloh qudratli va hikmat egasidir." [TMQ 5:38] Islomda shaxs o'zining taqvosi orqali, jamiyat esa jamiyat va davlatning barqarorligini saqlashga bo'lgan intilishi orqali birgalikda harakat qilib, qonunlarning ijro etilishini va jinoyatning kamaytirilishini ta'minlaydi. Islom tarixi bu haqiqatga guvohlik beradi. Masalan, Imom Molik Madina qozisi etib tayinlanganida, u birinchi ishni ko'rib chiqishdan oldin deyarli bir yil kutishga majbur bo'lgan. Shuningdek, Islom davlatining asosiy shaharlarida mavjud bo'lgan sud hujjatlari shuni ko'rsatadiki, sudlar asosan ajrashish, meros va biznesga oid nizolar kabi ijtimoiy masalalar bilan shug'ullangan. Qotillik, talonchilik, zo'rlash va shunga o'xshash jinoyatlar bilan bog'liq ishlar soni bugungi G'arb jamiyatlarida uchraydigan ko'rsatkichlarga hech qachon yaqin bo'lmagan.

However, there will always be a minority that would violate the laws imposed by Islam. For them Islam has laid down a comprehensive punishment system which is administered by the state. The punishments in Islam are not intended to restrict the offender, but are meant to dissuade others from carrying out crime. For instance concerning the thief, Allah (SWT) says: "As to the thief, male or female, cut off his or her hand. It is the reward of their own deeds, an exemplary punishment from Allah. Allah is All Mighty, All Wise." [TMQ 5:38] In Islam the individual through his Taqwa, the public through their concern about the preservation of society and the state all act in unison to ensure that laws are implemented and that crime is minimised. Islamic history bears testimony to this fact. For example, when Imam Malik was appointed the judge of Madinah, he had to wait almost a year before he presided over his first case. Also the records of the courts that existed in the main cities in the Islamic State show that the types of cases dealt by courts were primarily social issues like divorce, inheritance and business related disputes. The number of cases involving murders, muggings, rapes and the like were nowhere near the figures that occur in Western societies today.

2005-yil 20-noyabr

November 20, 2005