Qur’on oyatlarining bir nechtasiga qisqacha nazar tashlashning o‘zi ham unda turli adabiy shakllardan foydalanilganini darhol ko‘rsatadi. Turli adabiy shakllarning qo‘llanishi o‘quvchini yoki tinglovchini hayratga soladigan bezakli yoki murakkab bayon berish uchun emas, balki Qur’onning o‘ziga xos xabarini eng samarali tarzda yetkazish uchun xizmat qiladi. Oldingi bobda aytib o‘tilganidek, Qur’onning maqsadi, asosan, insonni uch sohada hidoyat qilishdir: uning Alloh bilan munosabatida, o‘zi bilan munosabatida hamda yashayotgan insoniy jamiyat bilan munosabatida. Bu maqsad Qur’onning boshidan to yuz o‘n to‘rtinchi, ya’ni oxirgi suragacha bo‘lgan har bir oyat va surani singdirib turadi. Shu sababli, xabarni o‘quvchiga zerikarli bo‘lmasdan va takrorlanib qolgandek ko‘rinmasdan yetkazish uchun turli adabiy shakllardan foydalanilgan.

A brief glimpse through a few of the Qur’aan’s passages immediately reveals that a wide variety of literary forms have been employed in it. The utilization of a variety of literary forms does not simply provide a flowery or elaborate presentation which dazzles the reader or listener, but conveys the unique message of the Qur’aan in the most effective way. As was mentioned in a previous chapter, the aim of the Qur’aan is essentially the guidance of man in three spheres: in his relationship with God, with himself, and with the human society in which he exists. This aim permeates every verse and chapter from the beginning of the Qur’aan until the last verse of its last chapter, number one hundred and fourteen. Thus a variety of literary forms were used to bring this message home to the reader without being monotonous or seemingly repetitious.

Ko‘plab shakllar faqat arab tiliga va uning konstruksiyalariga xos, boshqalari esa juda murakkab bo‘lib, ularni faqat adabiyot va tilshunoslik mutaxassislari his qila oladi. Ushbu bobda biz Qur’on davomida qo‘llanadigan to‘rtta asosiy adabiy shaklni qisqacha ko‘rib chiqamiz: mathal (o‘xshatish, maqol va metafora), qasam (qasam ichish), jadal (munozara) va qissah (hikoya).

Many of the forms are unique to the Arabic language and its constructions, while others are very intricate and appreciable only to literary and linguistic experts. In this chapter we will briefly explore four of the more basic literary forms employed throughout the Qur’aan: the mathal (simile, proverb, and metaphor), the qasam (oath), the jadal (debate), and the qissah (narrative).