4.8 Qur'onning raqamli mo'jizasi
4.8 The Numerical Miracle of the Qur’aan
Ushbu fikrning eng mashhur tarafdori misrlik biokimyogar, Qo‘shma Shtatlarda ta’lim olgan Rashad Xalifa edi. Doktor Xalifaning aytishicha, Qur’onda uning “birinchi” oyati (BismillahirRahmaanir-Raheem) asosida mo‘jizaviy raqamli kod mavjud, bu oyat 19 ta harfdan iborat. Ushbu mo‘jizaviy kod go‘yo 74-suraning (al-Muddassir) 30-oyatida keltirilgan: “Uning ustida 19 ta bor”. Ushbu ikki asosga tayanib, doktor Rashad Qur’on bo‘ylab va ayniqsa, 29 ta surani boshlab turgan, u “Qur’onning harfiy boshlanmalari” deb atagan harflarda (Alif, Lom, Mim va boshqalar) 19 va uning karralilarini o‘z ichiga olgan murakkab matematik tuzilma topganini da’vo qiladi. Ushbu kashfiyotdan kelib chiqib, doktor Xalifa bunday hajmdagi adabiy asarda ushbu matematik kod tuzilmasining murakkabligi inson imkoniyatlaridan ancha yuqori ekanligini va aynan shu narsa Qur’onning haqiqiy yagona mo‘jizasi bo‘lib, uning ilohiy kelib chiqishini isbotlaydi, degan xulosaga keladi. U yana shunday xulosa qiladi: 19 va uning karralilari Qur’on va Islomni to‘g‘ri talqin qilish kalitidir, 19 raqami tanlangani sababi esa 19 “Xudo Yagonadir” degan ma’noni anglatishidadir, bu esa Qur’onning xabaridir.81
The most famous proponent of this idea was Rashad Khalifa, an Egyptian biochemist educated in the United States. According to Dr. Khalifa, there is a miraculous numerical code to the Qur’aan based on its “first” verse (BismillahirRahmaanir-Raheem), which consists of 19 letters. This miraculous code is supposedly referred to in verse 30 of Chapter 74 (al-Muddath-thir) which states “Over it are 19.” Based on these two premises, Dr. Rashad claims to have discovered an intricate mathematical pattern involving 19 and its multiples throughout the Qur’aan and especially in what he calls the Qur’aanic initials which precede 29 chapters (Alif, Laam, Meem, etc.). From this discovery, Dr. Khalifa concludes that the complexity of this mathematical code’s pattern in a literary work of the Qur’aan’s size is far beyond human capabilities, and that it alone constitutes the only real miracle of the Qur’aan which proves its divine origin.80 He further concludes that 19 and its multiples represent the key to the correct interpretation of the Qur’aan and Islam, and the reason why 19 was chosen is that 19 means “God is One,” which is the message of the Qur’aan.81
Ko'pgina musulmonlar dastlab Xalifaning nazariyalarini tanqidiy yondashuvsiz, ko'r-ko'rona hayajon bilan qabul qilishdi.
Many Muslims at first received Khalifa’s theories with uncritical enthusiasm.
Lekin, aniqroq tanqidchilar uning raqamlarini tekshira boshlaganlarida, ularning ma'lumotlarida ko'plab nomuvofiqliklar va ba'zi ochiq soxtalashtirishlar topildi. Uning da'volari ma'lum bir harfning yoki so'zning ma'lum bir surada yoki surralar guruhida necha marta uchrashiga asoslangan edi. Aniqlanishicha, u o'z nazariyasini tasdiqlash uchun kerak bo'lgan yig'indilarga qarab, ba'zan hamzani alif kabi hisoblar, ba'zan esa hisoblamas edi. Ba'zan u mavjud bo'lmagan harflarni sanar, ba'zan esa mavjud harflarni sanamas edi; ba'zan ikki so'zni bitta deb hisoblar, ba'zan Qur'on matniga qo'shimcha qilar, ba'zan undan o'chirib tashlar edi — bularning barchasi harf va so'z hisoblarini uning nazariyasiga moslashtirish maqsadida qilinardi. Bundan tashqari, uning harf hisoblari vaqt o'tishi bilan o'zgarib turardi, chunki u surani alohida yoki surralar guruhining bir qismi sifatida qarashni xohlashiga qarab natijalar o'zgarardi. Ma'lumotlaridagi nomuvofiqliklarga duch kelganda, u Qur'onga tegishli bo'lmagan ayrim oyatlar kiritilgan, deb da'vo qila boshladi. Bu aniq kufr bayonidan so'ng, u Qiyomat kunining aniq sanasini bilishni da'vo qildi va oxir-oqibat o'zi uchun payg'ambarlikni da'vo qildi. U Arizona shtatining Tusson shahrida ergashuvchilar guruhini jalb qildi, ammo uning faoliyati...
However, when more rigorous critics began checking his numbers, they found numerous discrepancies and some outright fabrications in his data. His claims were based on the number of times a given letter or word occurs in a given soorah or group of soorahs. It was discovered that he would sometimes treat hamzahs like alifs and sometimes he wouldn’t, depending on the totals he needed in a given soorah to confirm his theory. Sometimes he counted letters that weren’t there, sometimes he failed to count existing letters, sometimes he counted two words as one, sometimes he added to the Qur’aanic text and sometimes he deleted from it, all for the purpose of making the letter and word counts conform to his theory. On top of that, his letter counts changed over time, depending on whether he wanted to establish a pattern for a soorah by itself or as part of a group of soorahs. When confronted with inconsistencies in his data, he began claiming that certain verses had been inserted into the Qur’aan that did not belong there. After this clear statement of disbelief he went on to claim knowledge of the exact date of the Day of Judgment and eventually claimed prophethood for himself. He attracted a group of followers in Tucson, Arizona, but his career
79 The Qur’an and Modern Science: Correlation Studies, p.31.
79 The Qur’an and Modern Science: Correlation Studies, p.31.
80 Rashad Khalifaning bu nazariyasini taqdimotida ko‘ring: “Problem of 19” maqolasi, Impact International, 13–26 noyabr, 1981, 14–15-betlar.
80 See Rashad Khalifa’s presentation of his theory in the article “Problem of 19,” Impact International, 13-26 Nov., 1981, pp.14-15.
81 Quran: Visual Presentation of The Miracle, pp.70-73, 243.
81 Quran: Visual Presentation of The Miracle, pp.70-73, 243.
Eslatma: Ushbu hisob abjad raqamli tizimiga asoslangan bo'lib, bunda arab alifbosining harflariga raqamli qiymatlar berilgan. Bu tizim yahudiylarning Kabbala deb ataladigan mistik tizimidan olingan.
Note: This calculation is based on the Abjad system of numerology in which the letters of the Arabic alphabet are given numerical values, a system borrowed from the Jewish mystical system known as Kabbalah.
82-son. Qarang: Mission to America, 137–168-betlar. Ushbu nazariyaning batafsil raddiyasini mening "The Quran's Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy" kitobimdan topish mumkin.
82 See Mission to America, pp. 137-168. A detailed refutation of this theory can be found in my book, The Quran’s Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy.