Zakat emas dan perak, sama ada dalam bentuk mata wang atau tidak, adalah wajib berdasarkan Sunnah dan Ijma' as-Sahabah. Adapun dari segi Sunnah, ia berdasarkan apa yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Hurairah: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda: "Tiada seorang pemilik emas atau perak yang tidak menunaikan haknya melainkan akan dibuatkan baginya kepingan-kepingan api pada Hari Kiamat. Kepingan-kepingan itu akan dipanaskan di dalam Neraka Jahannam, lalu digunakan untuk membakar sisi tubuhnya, dahinya dan belakangnya. Setiap kali ia menjadi sejuk, ia akan dipanaskan semula untuknya dalam satu hari yang panjangnya 50,000 tahun, sehingga diputuskan hukuman antara manusia, dan dia akan diperlihatkan jalannya, sama ada ke Syurga atau ke Neraka." (Diriwayatkan oleh lima perawi kecuali At-Tirmizi). Baginda ﷺ juga bersabda: "Sesiapa yang diberi harta oleh Allah (SWT) lalu tidak membayar zakatnya, maka hartanya akan dibentangkan kepadanya pada Hari Kiamat sebagai ular botak yang mempunyai dua titik di atas matanya, dan ia akan melingkari dirinya pada Hari Kiamat. Kemudian ular itu akan memegang dua sisi rahangnya dan berkata: Akulah hartamu, akulah harta simpananmu." Kemudian baginda ﷺ membaca:

The Zakat of silver and gold, whether in currency or not, is obliged by the Sunnah and Ijma’a as-Sahabah. As for the Sunnah, this is due to what Abu Hurayra narrated: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “No owner of gold or silver who fails to give their due right except that he will have sheets of fire made for him on the Day of Judgement. They will be heated in the Hellfire then used to burn his sides, forehead and back. Whenever they cool they are reheated to him in a Day whose length is 50,000 years long until it is judged between the people and he is shown his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire” (narrated by the five except At-Tirmizi). Also he said: “Whoever is given wealth by Allah (swt) and fails to pay its Zakat then his wealth will be presented to him on the day of judgement as a bald snake with two spots above its eyes and it surrounds him on the Day of Judgement. Then it will hold him by two sides of his jaw and it will say: I am your wealth, I am your hoarded treasure.” Then he recited:

"Janganlah orang-orang yang bakhil dengan kurniaan yang Allah (SWT) berikan kepada mereka daripada kurnia-Nya menyangka bahawa itu baik bagi mereka. Tidak lama lagi, apa yang mereka bakhilkan itu akan dikalungkan di leher mereka seperti kalung yang dililit pada Hari Kiamat." [Al-Imran: 180] (diriwayatkan oleh lima perawi kecuali Abu Dawud).

“Let not those who covetously withhold of the bounties which Allah (swt) has given them of His grace think that it is good for them. Soon shall what they covetously withhold be tied to their necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgement.” [Al-Imran: 180] (narrated by the five except Abu Dawud).

Adapun Ijma', para sahabat telah bersepakat tanpa seorang pun yang berbeda pendapat mengenai kewajiban zakat pada perak dan emas.

As for Ijma’a, the companions had a consensus without anyone disagreeing upon the obligation of Zakat on silver and gold.

Nisab perak yang wajib dikeluarkan zakatnya ialah lima auns, berdasarkan sabda Nabi ﷺ: "Tidak ada sedekah pada sesuatu yang kurang dari lima auns" (disepakati). Jumlahnya dihitung sebagai 200 dirham kerana setiap auns ialah 40 dirham. Daripada Ali bin Abi Talib yang berkata: "Lima dirham (wajib dikeluarkan) bagi setiap 200 dirham." Muhammad ﷺ bin Abdur Rahman al-Ansari meriwayatkan demikian dalam kitab Rasulullah ﷺ dan kitab 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, mengenai sedekah (yang tertera): "Tidak diambil apa-apa daripada perak sehingga mencapai 200 dirham." Maka, jika perak kurang daripada 200 dirham, walaupun hanya kurang satu dirham, tidak wajib zakat ke atasnya, kerana ia kurang daripada lima auns. Rasulullah ﷺ tidak mewajibkan zakat pada apa yang kurang daripada lima auns.

The least amount of silver upon which Zakat is obliged is five ounces due to his saying: “There is no Sadaqah on anything less than five ounces” (agreed upon). Its amount is counted as 200 Dirhams because each ounce is 40 Dirhams. From Ali b. Abi Talib who said: “Five Dirhams (are due) in every 200 Dirhams.” Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari narrated that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab, on Sadaqah (there was stated): “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” Thus if silver is less than 200 Dirhams, even by just one Dirham, then no Zakat is obliged upon it, due to its being less than five ounces. The Messenger of Allah (saw) did not oblige Zakat in what is less than five ounces.

Dirham-dirham yang menjadi ukuran nisab ialah dirham syarak. Setiap sepuluh daripadanya bersamaan dengan berat tujuh mithqal emas. Setiap dirham bersamaan dengan tujuh persepuluh mithqal. Inilah dirham syarak yang digunakan untuk mengukur nisab zakat, nilai jizyah, diat (wang darah), nisab potong tangan bagi kesalahan curi dan lain-lain.

The Dirhams against which the Nisab is considered are the Shari’ah Dirhams. Every ten of them are equivalent to the weight of seven Mithqal of gold. Each Dirham is equivalent to seven-tenths of a mithqal. This is the Shari’ah Dirham against which is measured the Nisabs of Zakat, the value of Jizya, blood-monies, the Nisab of cutting for stealing etc.

Berat dirham dalam gram yang digunakan hari ini ialah 2.975 gram, maka berat nisab zakat dalam perak, yang berjumlah 200 dirham, menjadi 595 gram. Ia merangkumi perak yang dicetak sebagai mata wang, serta habuk (Tibr) atau jongkong (Sabaik). Jika perak dicampur dengan plumbum, tembaga atau jenis mineral lain sehingga kandungan perak tulennya mencapai nisab perak, maka zakat adalah wajib dan dikeluarkan daripada jumlah perak tulen yang terdapat di dalamnya.

The dirham’s weight in grams utilised today is 2.975 grams, so the weight of the Nisab of Zakat in silver-which is 200 Dirhams-becomes 595 grams. It includes the minted silver as currency as well as the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik). If the silver is mixed with lead, copper or other types of minerals such that its pure content reaches the Nisab of silver, then Zakat is obliged and taken from the amount of pure silver in it.

Jika perak mencapai nisab zakat dan genap setahun berlalu ke atasnya, maka zakat seperempat puluh (2.5%) wajib dikeluarkan daripadanya, iaitu lima dirham wajib pada nisab yang berjumlah 200 dirham. Hal ini telah ditetapkan berdasarkan Sunnah. Daripada Abu Bakar As-Siddiq diriwayatkan bahawa Nabi ﷺ bersabda: “Zakat seperempat puluh pada riqqah.” Ar-riqqah ialah perak yang telah ditempa menjadi duit. Al-Bukhari meriwayatkan sabda Nabi ﷺ: “Keluarkanlah sedekah riqqah, satu dirham daripada setiap empat puluh, dan tiada apa-apa yang wajib pada seratus sembilan puluh.” Daripada Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al-Ansari ﷺ, beliau berkata bahawa dalam kitab Rasulullah ﷺ dan kitab ‘Umar mengenai sedekah tertulis: “Tidak diambil apa-apa daripada perak sehingga mencapai 200 dirham.” Lima dirham yang wajib pada nisab zakat bersamaan dengan 14.875 gram, kerana berat satu dirham ialah 2.975 gram.

If silver reaches the Nisab of Zakat and a full year passes over it, then quarter-tithe is obliged in it i.e. five Dirhams are obliged in the Nisab which is 200 Dirhams. This has been established by the Sunnah. On the authority of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq it is narrated that the Prophet (saw) said: “Quarter-tithe in the Riqqa.” Ar-riqqa is the minted silver. Bukhari narrated the Prophet (saw) ’s saying: “Bring the Sadaqah of the Riqqa as a Dirham for every forty, and there is nothing due on one hundred and ninety.” From Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari who said that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar, on Sadaqah there is the following: “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” The five Dirhams obliged in the Nisab of Zakat are equivalent to 14.875 grams, as the dirham’s weight is 2.975 grams.

Nisab emas dan zakat yang diwajibkan ke atasnya.

The Nisab amount of Gold and what Zakat is Obliged in it.

Nisab emas yang wajib dikeluarkan zakatnya ialah 20 Dinar. Jika kurang daripada 20 Dinar, walaupun hanya kurang satu Qirat, maka tidak wajib zakat padanya. Ali b. Abi Talib diriwayatkan berkata: "Setengah Dinar bagi setiap 20 Dinar, dan satu Dinar (wajib dikeluarkan) bagi setiap empat puluh Dinar." Daripada Amru b. Shuaib, daripada ayahnya, daripada datuknya, daripada Nabi ﷺ, baginda bersabda: "Tiada sedekah pada apa-apa yang kurang daripada 20 Mithqal emas." Emas dikira secara keseluruhan dalam semua bentuknya, sama ada yang utuh atau yang dipecahkan, yang telah dicetak (Madhruba), hingga ke serbuk (Tibr) atau jongkong (Sabaik); semuanya dikira sebagai satu dari segi jumlahnya.

The least amount of gold in which Zakat is obliged is 20 Dinars. If it is less than 20 Dinars, even by only one (Qirat), then no Zakat is obliged in it. Ali b. Abi Talib was reported to have said: “One-half Dinar in every 20 Dinars, and one Dinar (is due) in every forty Dinars.” From Amru b. Shuaib from his father from his grandfather from the Prophet (saw) who said: “There is no Sadaqah on whatever is less than 20 Mithqal of gold.” Gold is counted together in all its parts, from the unbroken to the broken, the coined (Madhruba), to the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik), all is counted as one with regards to the amount.