Ƙasar tana da tutoci (Alwiyah) da tutoci/alamomi (Rayat) waɗanda aka samo daga tutoci da alamomin Ƙasar Musulunci ta farko, wadda Manzon Allah ﷺ ya kafa a Madina Munawwara. Waɗannan za su kasance kamar haka:

The State has flags (Alwiyah) and banners (Rayat) as deduced from the flags and banners of the first Islamic State, which the Messenger of Allah ( PBUH) established in al-Medina al-Munawwarah. These will be as follows: .

1- Tuta da tuta, a harshen Larabci ana kiranta alam. Al-Qamus al-Muhit ya ambata a karkashin tushen (r/w/y) cewa al-raya tana nufin al-alam, jam'insa rayaat. Ya ambata kuma a karkashin tushen (l/w/y) cewa al-liwa' tana nufin al-alam, jam'insa alwiyah. Bugu da kari, Shari'a ta ba kowane daya daga cikin wadannan kalmomi ma'ana ta shari'a kamar haka:

1- Flag and banner, are linguistically called alam. Al-Qamus al-Muhit mentions under the root (r/w/y) that al-raya is ‘al-alam, plural being rayaat. It mentions under the root (l/w/y) that al-liwa' is al-‘alam, plural alwiyah Besides; The Law designated each one of these terms a shar'i meaning as follows: .

Tutan (liwaa') fari ne, wanda aka rubuta a kansa da baƙin rubutu 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah'. Ana ɗaura shi ga amir na rundunar sojoji ko shugaban rundunar. Ana amfani da shi a matsayin alamar inda yake, kuma yana tafiya tare da wannan wuri. Hujjar ɗaura tuta ga amir na rundunar ita ce cewa Annabi (SAW) ya shiga Makka a ranar cin nasarar ta yana riƙe da farar tuta ﷺ. Ibn Majah ne ya ruwaito wannan ta hanyar Jabir. An-Nasa'i kuma ya ruwaito ta hanyar Anas cewa lokacin da Annabi ﷺ ya naɗa Usama ibn Zaid a matsayin amir na rundunar yaƙi da Romawa, ya ɗaura tutarsa da hannunsa.

- The flag (liwaa') is white, on which it is written 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah' with black script. It is tied to the amir of the army or the leader of the army. It is used as a sign of his location, and it goes along with this location. The evidence to tying the flag to the amir of the army is (that the Prophet (PBUH) entered Makkah on the day of its conquest while raising a white flag). This was narrated by Ibn Majah through Jabir. An-Nasa’i also narrated through Anas that when the Prophet (PBUH) appointed Usama ibn Zayd as amir to the army for invading the Romans, he tied his flag with his own hands. .

Tutar (rayah) baƙa ce, an rubuta a kanta da fari 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah'. Shugabannin rundunonin soja ne ke ɗaukarta (sassan soja, bataliyoyi, da sauran rukunonin soja). Shaida kan haka ita ce, lokacin da Manzon Allah ﷺ yana shugabantar sojoji a Khaybar, ya ce: "Gobe zan ba da tutar ga mutumin da yake son Allah da ManzonSa, kuma Allah da ManzonSa suna son sa"; sai ya ba wa 'Ali. Wannan hadisi yarjejeniya ce a kansa. 'Ali (ra) an ɗauke shi a lokacin a matsayin shugaban wata runduna ko sashen soja. Har ila yau, al-Harith b. Hassan b. al-Bakri ya ce a cikin hadisi: "Mun zo Madina sai muka ga Annabi ﷺ a kan mimbari, Bilal kuma yana tsaye a gabansa sanye da takobinsa."

- The banner (rayah) is black, on which it is written 'la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah' with white script. It is carried by the leaders of the army divisions (regiments, detachments, and other army units). The evidence is that the Messenger (PBUH) , while being the leader of the army in Khaybar, he said: "I will give the Raya tomorrow to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah and His messenger love him; and he gave it to ’Ali". This hadith is agreed upon. ’Ali (ra) was considered then the leader of a division or a regiment in the army. Al-Harith b. Hassan b. Al-Bakri also said in the hadith, "We came to Medina and we saw the Prophet (PBUH) on the Mimbar, with Bilal standing in front of him wearing his sword. .

"A gaban da ke gaban Manzon Allah ﷺ akwai tutoci baƙaƙe. Na tambaya: 'Menene waɗannan tutoci?' Suka ce: 'Amr b. al-'As ne ya dawo yanzu daga wani yaƙi.'" "Kuma akwai tutoci baƙaƙe (rayaat)" wannan na nufin akwai tutoci da yawa da sojojin suka ɗauka, ko da yake amirinsu ɗaya ne, wanda shi ne Amru ibn Al-Ass. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai tuta ɗaya (liwaa') a cikin runduna ɗaya, amma tutoci (rayaat) suna da yawa a kowace runduna.

There were black banners in front of the Messenger (PBUH). I asked ‘what are these banners?’ They said: ‘it is Amr b. al-’As who has just arrived from an expedition’". "And there were black banners (rayaat)" this means there were many banners carried by the army though its amir was one, which was Amru ibn Al-Ass. This indicates there is one flag (liwaa') in the same army, but the banners (rayaat) are many in each army. .

Saboda haka, tuta (liwaa') alama ce ga amirin runduna kawai, yayin da tutoci (rayaat) alamu ne da sojoji ke ɗauka.

Thus, the flag (liwaa') is a sign (‘alam) to the amir of the army only, while the banners (rayaat) are signs (a'lam) carried by the soldiers. .

2. Tuta (liwaa') tana da alaƙa da amir na rundunar yaƙi, kuma alama ce da ke nuna hedikwatar amir na rundunar. Sai dai a fagen yaƙi, shugaban yaƙin, ko shi amir ɗin rundunar ne ko kuma wanda ya naɗa, ana ba shi tutar yaƙi (rayah) don ɗauka a lokacin faɗa a fagen daga. Saboda haka ana kiran tutar yaƙi da "uwar yaƙi", domin shugaban yaƙin ne ke ɗauke da ita a fagen daga.

2. The flag (liwaa') is tied to the amir of the army, and it is a sign indicating the headquarters of the amir of the army. However, in the battle field, the leader of the battle, whether he is the amir of the army or appointed by him, is given the banner (rayah) to carry during the fight in the battle field. Therefore, the banner is called the mother of the war because it is carried by the battle leader in the battle field. .

Saboda haka, a lokacin yaki na gaske za a sami tuta guda tare da kowane shugaban yaki, al'amarin da aka saba da shi a wancan lokaci. Ci gaba da ɗaga tuta yana nuna ƙarfin shugaban yaki. Wannan umarni ne na gudanarwa da ake bi bisa ga al'adun yaki a cikin runduna. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya sanar da mutane mutuwar Zaid, Ja'far da Ibn Ruwahah kafin sojoji su kawo labarin, yana cewa: "Zaid ya ɗauki tutar (raya) amma aka same shi; sai Ja'far ya ɗauka shi ma aka same shi; sai Ibn Ruwahah ya ɗauka shi ma aka same shi" [Bukhari, Sahih, #3757]. A lokacin yaki na gaske, idan shugaban runduna a filin yaki shi ne Khalifah, ana iya ɗaga duka liwaa' (tuta) da raya (babban tuta). An ruwaito a cikin Sirar Ibn Hisham, a lokacin tattaunawa game da yakin Badar mai girma, cewa tuta da babban tuta suna a cikin yaƙin.

Therefore, at the time of actual war there will be one banner with every leader of a battle, a matter that was familiar at that time. Keeping the banner flying up was evidence to the might of the leader of the battle. This is an administrative order that is followed in accordance with the traditions of fighting in the armies. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said announcing to the people the death of Zayd, Ja'far and Ibn Ruwahah before the soldiers brought the news:. "Zayd took the banner (raya) but he was hit; and then Ja'far took it and he was hit; and then Ibn Ruwahah took it and he was hit" [Bukhari, Sahih, #3757]. At the time of actual war, if the leader of the army in the battle field was the Khalifah, both the flag (liwaa') and the banner (raya) can be lifted. It was reported in the seerah of Ibn Hisham during the talk about the ghazwah of great Badr that the flag and banner were present in the battle. .

Amma a lokacin zaman lafiya ko bayan ƙarshen yaƙi, ana yawan rarraba tutoci a tsakanin sojoji, kuma rundunoni, sassa, runduna da bataliyoyi suna ɗaga su, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin hadisin Al-Harith ibn Hassan Al-Bakri wanda ya yi magana game da rundunar Amru ibn Al-‘As.

However, at time of peace or after the end of the battle the banners are usually spread amongst the army and lifted by its divisions, regiments, units and battalions, as narrated in the hadith of Al-Harith ibn Hassan Al-Bakri that talked about the army of Amru ibn Al-‘As. .

3. Halifa shi ne shugaban rundunar soja a Musulunci; saboda haka, tuta (rawani) ana daga ta bisa hedikwatarsa, watau bisa gidan Halifa. Wannan saboda tuta an danganta ta da amirin rundunar. An halatta a daga rawani bisa gidan Halifa daga mahangar gudanarwa, la'akari da cewa Halifa shi ne shugaban hukumomin Daula. Dangane da sauran hukumomi, sassa da cibiyoyin Daula, ana daga rawani shi kaɗai a bisansu, domin tuta tana keɓe ga shugaban rundunar soja a matsayin alamar wurinsa.

3. The Khalifah is the leader of the army in Islam; therefore the flag is legally lifted on top of his headquarters, i.e. on top of the Khalifah’s house. This is because the flag it tied to the amir of the army. The banner is allowed to be lifted on top of the Khalifah’s house from an administrative point of view, taking into account the fact that the Khalifah is the head of the organisations of the State. In regards to the remaining organisations, departments and establishments of the State, the banner alone is lifted on top of them, because the flag is specific to the leader of the army as a mark to his location. .

4. Ana ɗaure tutar a ƙarshen mashi kuma a naɗe ta a kansa. Ana ba da ita ga shugaban runduna gwargwadon adadin rundunoni. Don haka ana ɗaure ta ga shugaban runduna ta farko, runduna ta biyu, ko shugaban rundunar Al-Sham, da rundunar Iraƙi, ko shugaban rundunar Aleppo, ko shugaban rundunar Beitut, da sauransu.

4. The flag is tied at the end of the spear and twisted around it. It is given to the leader of the army in accordance to the number of armies. Thus it is tied to the leader of the first army, the second army, or the leader of Al-Sham army, and Iraq army, or the leader of Aleppo army, or the leader of Beitut army, and so on. .

Asali, ana naɗe shi ne a ƙarshen mashin ɗin, ba a buɗe shi ba sai a lokacin buƙata. Misali, ana buɗe shi a saman gidan Khalifah saboda muhimmancinsa. Haka ma wurin shugabannin rundunonin soji a lokacin zaman lafiya, don al'umma ta ga girman tutocin rundunonin su. Sai dai idan wannan buƙata ta ci karo da al'amuran tsaro, kamar abokan gaba su gane wurin shugabannin rundunonin soji, to a lokacin ana bi da tuta kamar yadda take asali, watau ba a buɗe ta ba, sai dai ta kasance naɗaɗɗiya/zagayayya.

In origin it is twisted at the end of the spear and not spread out except at the time of need. It is for example spread out on top of the Khalifah’s house because of its importance. This applies also to the sites of the leaders of the armies at time of peace so that the Ummah can see the greatness of the flags of their armies. However, if this need conflicts with security issues, such as the enemy recognising the sites of the leaders of the armies, then the flag will be treated as in origin, i.e. it is not spread out but rather remains twisted/rounded. .

Dangane da tuta, an bar iska ta na kaɗa ta, kamar tutocin da ake amfani da su a yau. Saboda haka ana sanya ta a saman ma'aikatun gwamnati.

In regards to the banner it is left for the wind to flap it, like the flags used today. Therefore it is placed on top of the departments of the State. .

A Taƙaice:

In Summary: .

Na farko: Game da runduna.

Firstly: Regarding the army .

1- A cikin yaƙi na gaske, tuta tana tsayawa a wurin shugaban rundunar soja. Asali bai kamata a bazata ta ba, sai dai a naɗe ta a kewaye da mashi. Ana iya bazata ta bayan an yi nazari kan batun tsaro. Za a sami tuta da shugaban yaƙin yake ɗauka a filin daga. Idan halifa yana filin daga, to ana kuma halatta ɗaukar tuta.

1- In case of actual war, the flag remains attached to the site of the leader of the army. In origin it must not be spread out, rather kept rounded/twisted around the spear. It can be spread out after studying the security issue. There will be a banner carried by the leader of the battle in the battle field. In case the Khalifah was in the battle field the flag is also allowed to be carried. .

2- A yanayin zaman lafiya, ana daure tuta a kan shugabannin sojoji, kuma ana nade ta a kan mashi; amma ana iya shimfida ta a saman wuraren shugabannin sojoji. Ana yawan shimfida tutoci a cikin sojoji, wanda sassansu, rundunoni, rejimomi da bataliyoyi ke ɗauke da su. Yana yiwuwa kowane sashe, kowace rejimo, ko kowace bataliya ta kasance da tuta ta musamman da ke bambanta ta a fannin gudanarwa, wadda ake ɗagawa tare da babbar tuta.

2- In case of peace the flag is tied to the leaders of the armies, and it is rounded at the spear; but it can be spread out on top of the sites of the leaders of the armies. Banners are usually spread out amongst the army carried by its divisions, units, regiments and battalions. It is possible for each division, a regiment, or a battalion to have a specific banner that distinguishes it administratively and which is lifted with the banner. .

Secondly: Regarding the security organisations, departments, and establishments of the State, only the banner is lifted on top of each of them except the house of the Khilafah, where the flag is lifted on top of it as the Khalifah is the leader of the army. The banner is allowed to be lifted administratively together with it, because the house of the Khilafah is the head of the organisations of the State. The private establishments and ordinary people can also carry and lift the banner on top of their establishments, offices and houses, particularly on the occasions of eid, victories and the like. Note: the translation above is in English, but the task was to translate into Hausa. Here is the Hausa version: Na biyu: Game da ƙungiyoyin tsaro, sassa da cibiyoyin Dawla, ana ɗaga tuta ne kawai a saman kowane ɗayansu, banda gidan Khilafah, inda ake ɗaga tutar Khilafah a saman sa, domin Khalifa shi ne shugaban sojoji. An halatta a ɗaga tuta tare da ita a matsayin tsari na gudanarwa, saboda gidan Khilafah shi ne shugaban ƙungiyoyin Dawla. Cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da talakawa ma suna iya ɗaukar tuta su ɗaga ta a saman cibiyoyinsu, ofisoshinsu da gidajensu, musamman a lokutan idi, nasara da makamantansu.

Secondly: Regarding the security organisations, departments, and establishments of the State, only the banner is lifted on top of each of them except the house of the Khilafah, where the flag is lifted on top of it as the Khalifah is the leader of the army. The banner is allowed to be lifted administratively together with it, because the house of the Khilafah is the head of the organisations of the State. The private establishments and ordinary people can also carry and lift the banner on top of their establishments, offices and houses, particularly on the occasions of eid, victories and the like.