Mataimakan su ne waziran da Khalifa ke naɗawa domin su taimaka masa wajen gudanar da ayyuka da nauyin da ke kan Khilafah. Akwai ayyuka da yawa a cikin Khilafah, musamman idan Daula na girma da faɗaɗa, kuma waɗannan za su zama nauyi mai girma ga Khalifa shi kaɗai. Saboda haka yana buƙatar mutane da za su taimaka masa wajen ɗaukar wannan nauyi da gudanar da hakkokinsa.

The assistants are the wazirs whom the Khalifah appoints to assist him in discharging the tasks and responsibilities of the Khilafah. There are numerous tasks in the Khilafah, especially when the State is growing and expanding, and these would be a heavy burden for the Khalifah alone. Hence he needs people to help him in carrying this burden and discharging his responsibilities. .

Ba ya halatta a kira su wazirai ba tare da takaitawa ba, in ba haka ba ma'anar kalmar wazir a Musulunci za ta gauraye da ma'anarta a tsarin mutum-mutumi na yau, wanda ya dogara da tsarin sakulare, jari-hujja da dimokuradiyya, ko wasu tsarin da muke gani a yau.

It is invalid to call them wazirs without restriction, otherwise the meaning of wazir in Islam will be confused with its meaning in the current man made systems based on the secular, capitalist democratic basis, or other systems we observe today. .

Mu'awin at-tafwid, wato mataimakin mai cikakken iko, shi ne wazirin da Khalifah ya naɗa domin ya ɗauki nauyin mulki da iko tare da shi. Saboda haka, Khalifah yana ba shi ikon gudanar da al'amura bisa ra'ayinsa, da aiwatar da su bisa ijtihadinsa, a cikin tsarin dokokin Allah. Don haka Khalifah yana ba shi cikakken ikon duba al'amuran gaba ɗaya da kuma wakilcin gaba ɗaya.

The delegate assistant or mu’awin at-tafwid is the wazir appointed by the Khalifah to carry with him the responsibility of ruling and authority. So, the Khalifah delegates to him the discharge of the affairs according to his own opinion and to execute them according to his own ijtihad, in accordance with the divine rules. Thus the Khalifah delegates to him general examination of the affairs and general deputyship. .

Al-Hakim da at-Tirmidhi sun ruwaito daga Abi Sa'id al-Khudri cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

Al-Hakim and at-Tirmidhi reported from Abi Sa’id al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

"Mataimakana biyu daga sama su ne Jibra'il da Mika'il, kuma mataimakana biyu a bayan ƙasa su ne Abu Bakr da 'Umar." [Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, juzu'i 1, shafi 10, lamba 3046 da Tirmidhi, Sunan, lamba 3680].

“My two ministers (wazirs) from the heavens are Jibra’il and Mika’il and my two ministers on the earth are Abu Bakr and ‘Umar.” [Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, vol.1, p.10, #3046 and Tirmidhi, Sunan, #3680] .

Kalmar 'wazir' a cikin Hadisi tana nufin mataimaki da mai taimako, wato ma'anarta ta harshe. Haka kuma an yi amfani da ita da wannan ma'ana a cikin Alkur'ani lokacin da Allah (S.W.T) ya ce: .

The word ‘wazir’ in the Hadith means the helper and the assistant, which is the linguistic meaning. It has been used in the Qur’an with such a meaning when Allah (S.W.T) says: .

"Ka ba ni wazir daga iyalina." [TMQ 20:29]

‘Give me a minister from my family.’ [TMQ 20:29].

Yana nufin kuma mataimaki da mai taimakawa. Kalmar wazir a cikin Hadisi tana cikin ma'anarta ta gaba ɗaya (mutlaq), wadda ta haɗa da duk wani taimako ko agaji a kowane al'amari. Saboda haka, zai iya taimakawa Khalifa a ayyuka da nauyin Khilafah. Hadisin Abi Sa'id al-Khudri ba shi da takamaiman taimako a fannin mulki, domin Jibra'il da Mika'il, mataimakan Manzon Allah ﷺ guda biyu daga sama, ba su da alaƙa da taimaka masa a nauyin mulki da ayyukansa. Saboda haka, kalmar wazirai (mataimakana biyu) a cikin hadisin ba ta nuna wata ma'ana sai ma'anar harshe, wato mataimakana biyu. Haka kuma, daga hadisin ana fahimtar cewa ana halatta a sami fiye da mataimaki guda ɗaya.

It also means a helper and assistant. The word wazir in the Hadith is unrestricted (mutlaq) which includes any help or assistance in any matter. Therefore he can assist the Khalifah in the functions and the tasks of the Khilafah. The Hadith of Abi Sa’id al-Khudri is not specific to assistance in the matter of ruling, because Jibra’il and Mika’il, the two wazirs of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) from heaven, have no relationship in helping him in the responsibilities and functions of ruling. Therefore the word wazirai (my two wazirs) in the hadith does not indicate other than the linguistic meaning, which is my two assistants. It is also understood from the hadith that it is allowed to have more than one assistant. .

Duk da cewa Abu Bakr da ‘Umar ba su bayyana suna ɗaukar nauyin mulki tare da Manzon Allah ﷺ ba, naɗin da ya yi musu a matsayin wazirai biyu gare shi yana ba su ikon taimaka masa wajen kowane al’amari ba tare da iyaka ba, har da al’amura da ayyukan mulki. Bayan Abu Bakr ya zama Khalifah, ya naɗa ‘Umar b. al-Khattab a matsayin mataimakinsa, kuma taimakonsa ya bayyana sosai. Da ‘Umar ya riƙe matsayin Khilafah, ‘Uthman da ‘Ali sun zama mataimakan ‘Umar, amma ba su bayyana suna taka wata rawa ta taimako ga ‘Umar a al’amuran mulki ba. Yanayinsu ya yi kama da na Abu Bakr da ‘Umar tare da Manzon Allah ﷺ. A zamanin ‘Uthman, ‘Ali da Marwan b. al-Hakam su ne mataimakansa biyu.

Though Abu Bakr and ‘Umar did not appear to have carried the task of ruling along with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), appointing them as two wazirs to himself gives them the mandatory powers of assisting him in every matter without restriction, including the matters and tasks of ruling. After Abu Bakr became the Khalifah, he appointed ‘Umar b. al-Khattab as an assistant to him and his assistance was very evident. Once ‘Umar held the post of the Khilafah, ‘Uthman and ’Ali were ‘Umar’s assistants, but they did not appear to carry out any role of assistance to ‘Umar in the matters of ruling. Their situation was similar to that of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). At the time of ‘Uthman, ’Ali and Marwan b. al-Hakam were his two assistants. .

Amma ‘Ali bai ji dadi game da wasu al'amura ba, saboda haka ya nisanta kansa. Amma Marwan ibn Al-Hakam a fili ya taimaki ‘Uthman a ayyukan mulki. Idan mataimakin wakili ya kasance mai gaskiya, zai zama babbar fa'ida ga Khalifa. Zai tunatar da shi duk abin alheri, kuma ya taimaka wajen aiwatar da shi. An ruwaito daga Aisha (ra) cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: .

However ’Ali was unhappy about some affairs, so he remained distant. However, Marwan ibn Al-Hakam quite evidently assisted ‘Uthman in the tasks of ruling. If the delegate assistant was honest, he would be of great advantage to the Khalifah. He would remind him of everything good and help him in its execution. It was narrated from Aisha (ra) that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

"Idan Allah ya nufi alheri ga amir, sai Ya sanya masa wazir mai gaskiya. Idan ya manta da wani abu, sai ya tunatar da shi, kuma idan ya tuna, sai ya taimaka masa a cikinsa. Idan Allah ya nufi wani abu daban a gare shi, sai Ya sanya masa wazir mugu. Idan ya manta da wani abu, ba zai tunatar da shi ba, kuma idan ya tuna, ba zai taimaka masa a cikinsa ba." [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #2932] An ruwaito shi ma Ahmad [a cikin Musnad]. Al-Nawawi ya ce isnadinsa jayyid ne (mai kyau), kuma Al-Bazzar ya ruwaito ta hanyar isnadinsa, wanda game da shi Al-Haythami ya ce: "dukkan masu ruwaitawarsa sahih ne".

“If Allah wished something good to the amir he would make for him an honest wazir. When he forgets something, he would remind him, and if he remembered it he would help him in it. If Allah wished to him something else, he would make for him a bad wazir. When he forgets something, he would not remind him, and if he remembered it he would not help him in it.” [Abu Dawud, Sunan, #2932]It was narrated by Ahmad [in the Musnad]. Al-Nawawi said its isnad is good (jayyid) and Al-Bazzar narrated through his isnad regarding which Al-Haythami said: “its transmitters are all sahih”. .

Ta hanyar bincika aikin mataimaki a zamanin Manzo (PBUH) da zamanin khulafa’ al-rashidun, mun gano cewa mataimaki na iya a ba shi takamaimai al’amura, inda yake da hakkin bincike gabaki ɗaya a kansu. Hakanan ana iya naɗa shi domin yin bincike gabaki ɗaya a dukkan al’amura. Haka kuma ana iya naɗa shi a wani wuri na musamman, yana da aikin bincike gabaki ɗaya, ko kuma a wurare daban-daban yana da aikin bincike gabaki ɗaya. Al-Bukhari da Muslim sun ruwaito ta hanyar Abu Hurayrah, ya ce:

By examining the work of the assistant at the time of the Messenger (PBUH) and the time of the khulafa’ al-rashidun, we find the assistant might be assigned to specific issues, where he is entitled of their general examination. He might also be appointed to have general examination in all the issues. He can also be appointed in a (certain) place and has the task of general examination, as well as in various places with a task of general examination. It has been narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim through Abu Hurayarah, he said: .

Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aika ‘Umar ya zama mai kula da sadaka. [Bukhari, Sahih, #1468 da Muslim, Sahih, #2274].

“The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) sent ‘Umar as responsible for sadaqah.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #1468 and Muslim, Sahih, #2274] .

Ibn Khuzaymah da Ibn Hibban sun ruwaito:

Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban reported: .

Lokacin da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya dawo daga umrar Ji'ranah, ya aika Abu Bakr ya jagoranci aikin hajji. [Al-Nasa'i, Sunan, #2993]

“When the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) returned back from the umrah of Ji’ranah, he sent Abu Bakr responsible for hajj.” [Al-Nasa’i, Sunan, #2993] .

Wannan yana nufin cewa Abu Bakr da ‘Umar (ra), mataimakan biyu na Manzon Allah (PBUH), an dora musu nauyin duba gabaɗaya a wasu ayyuka na musamman a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ, ko da yake su mataimaka ne guda biyu (wazirai) da aka naɗa da duba gabaɗaya da mataimakanci, kamar yadda ake buƙata a ma’aikatar mataimakanci. Haka lamarin ya kasance ga ‘Ali da ‘Uthman a zamanin ‘Umar. Ko a zamanin Abu Bakr, taimakon ‘Umar ga Abu Bakr ya bayyana a cikin duba gabaɗaya da mataimakanci, har ya kai ga wasu Sahabbai suka ce wa Abu Bakr, “Ba mu sani ba wane ne Khalifa? Shin ‘Umar ne ko kai?” Duk da haka, Abu Bakr ya naɗa ‘Umar a matsayin alƙali a wasu lokuta, kamar yadda al-Bayhaqi ya ruwaito ta hanyar wata riwaya wadda al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani] ya tabbatar. Saboda haka, ana fahimta daga Seerah ta Manzon Allah ﷺ da na Khulafa’ Rashidun bayansa cewa mataimaki yana da amanar duba gabaɗaya da mataimakanci. Duk da haka, ana halatta a naɗa mataimaki zuwa takamaiman wuri ko aiki, kamar yadda Annabi ﷺ ya yi da Abu Bakr da ‘Umar, da kuma yadda Abu Bakr ya yi da ‘Umar. Misali shi ne naɗa wani mataimaki don kula da yankunan arewa, sannan a naɗa wani don kula da yankunan kudu na daular Khilafah. Khalifa kuma yana da izinin sanya mataimaki na farko a matsayin na biyu, da na biyu a matsayin na farko. Yana iya umurtar wani mataimaki zuwa wani aiki na musamman, wani kuma zuwa wani aikin daban, ta yadda ya ga dama don taimakon Khalifa. A irin wannan hali mataimaki ba ya buƙatar sabon naɗi; yana buƙatar kawai a canza shi daga wani aiki zuwa wani. Wannan saboda an ba shi asali amanar duba gabaɗaya da mataimakanci, kuma dukkan waɗannan ayyuka suna cikin naɗinsa a matsayin mataimaki. Mataimaki ya bambanta a wannan batu da wali (gwamna), inda gwamna ake ba shi ikon yin bincike gabaɗaya a wani wuri ba tare da an canza shi daga wurin ba. Idan an canza shi, sai ya buƙaci sabon naɗi, domin sabon wurin ba a haɗa shi cikin naɗin farko ba. Amma mataimaki an ba shi ikon yin bincike gabaɗaya da kuma wakilci, saboda haka an halatta ya koma daga wuri zuwa wani ba tare da buƙatar sabon wakilci ba, tun da asali an ba shi ikon yin bincike gabaɗaya da wakilci a cikin dukkan ayyuka.

This means Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (ra), the two assistants of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), were charged with general examination in specific tasks at the time of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), though they were two assistants (wazirs) that were appointed with general examination and deputyship, as is required by the ministry of deputyship. This was the case of ’Ali and ‘Uthman at the time of ‘Umar. Even at the time of Abu Bakr, the assistance of ‘Umar to Abu Bakr was evident in the general examination and deputyship, to the point that some of the Sahabah said to Abu Bakr, “We do not know who the Khalifah is? Is it ‘Umar or you?’ Yet, Abu Bakr appointed ‘Umar in a post of judiciary in some periods, as it is reported by al-Bayhaqi through a narration which was corroborated by al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar al- ‘Asqalani]. Thereupon, it is understood from the Seerah of the Messenger (PBUH) and the khulafa’ Rashidun after him that the assistant is entrusted with the general examination and deputyship. However, it is allowed that the assistant is designated to a specific place or task, as the Prophet (PBUH) did with Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, and as Abu Bakr did with ‘Umar. This is like appointing an assistant to follow up the northern regions whilst appointing another to follow up the southern regions of the Khilafah state. The Khalifah is allowed also to put the first assistant in the position of the second and the second in the position of the first. He can direct one assistant to a specific task, and another to a different task, anyway he deems fit to help the Khalifah. In such cases an assistant does not require a new designation; he needs only to be transferred from one task to another. This is because he is entrusted originally with the general examination and deputyship, and all of these tasks are within his appointment as an assistant. The assistant differs in this regard from the governor (wali), where the governor is entrusted with the general examination in one place without being transferred from it. In case he is transferred he would rather need new appointment, because the new place is not included in the first appointment. However, the assistant is entrusted with the general examination and deputyship, so he is allowed to be transferred from one place to another without the need of new deputyship, since he is in origin entrusted with the general examination and deputyship in all the tasks. .

Daga wannan duka ana fahimtar cewa Khalifa yana naɗa mataimakinsa a matsayin wakili a dukkan yankunan ƙasar, tare da cikakken lura da dukkan ayyuka. Sai dai yana da izinin ya ba shi wani takamaiman aiki, kamar alhakin gundumomin gabas, wani kuma alhakin gundumomin yamma, da sauransu. Muhimmancin irin wannan tsari a bayyane yake idan akwai mataimakan wakili fiye da ɗaya, don kada ayyukansu su yi karo da juna.

It is understood from all of this that the Khalifah appoints his assistant deputyship in all the regions of the state, with the general examination of all the tasks. However, he is allowed to charge him with a specific task, such as responsibility for the eastern districts, and another for the western districts, and so on. The importance of such an arrangement is evident in the case of having more than one delegated assistant, so their tasks would not conflict. .

Tun da Khalifah zai buƙaci fiye da mataimaki ɗaya, musamman saboda girman ƙasar, idan kowannensu zai gudanar da ayyuka a ko'ina cikin ƙasar, hakan zai haifar da matsaloli wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu. Wannan kuwa saboda yiwuwar tsangwama da ke faruwa sakamakon cikakken iko da kuma wakilci da kowannensu yake da shi.

Since, the Khalifah will need more than one deputy assistant, particularly because of the vast size of the state, allowing each one of them to conduct tasks all over the state would create problems in discharging their tasks. This is due to the possibility of interference that results from the general examination and deputyship, which each one of them has. .

Saboda haka, muna karɓa: .

Therefore, we adopt: .

Dangane da naɗi: mataimaki yana da amanar gudanar da bincike gabaɗaya da kuma wakilci, a dukkan faɗin jiha.

• In terms of appointment: the assistant is entrusted with the general examination and deputyship, all over the state. .

• Dangane da aiki: an ba shi aiki a wani yanki na ƙasar. Wannan yana nufin cewa Khilafah an raba ta zuwa jihohi (wilayaat) a tsakanin mataimakan da aka wakilta. Wani mataimaki zai taimaka a gabas, wani kuma a yamma, na uku a arewa, da sauransu.

• In terms of action: he is charged with a task in a part of the state. This means the Khilafah is divided into states (wilayaat) among the delegated assistants. One assistant would help in the east, while the other in the west, a third in the north, and so on. .

• Dangane da canjawa wuri: mataimakin yana canjawa daga wuri zuwa wuri da kuma daga aiki zuwa aiki ba tare da buƙatar sabon wakilci ba. A maimakon haka, ana canza shi bisa wakilcinsa na farko, domin asalin wakilcinsa shi ne kasancewarsa mataimaki da aka wakilta wanda ya rufe dukkan ayyuka.

• In terms of transference: the assistant is transferred from one place to another and from one task to another without the need of new deputyship. He is rather transferred based on his first deputyship, for the origin of his deputyship is being a delegated assistant that covers all tasks.