7.1 Bincike kan ayyukan gwamnoni
7.1 Examining the activities of the governors
Ya kamata Khalifah ya yi bincike game da ayyukan Walis-walis.
The Khalifah should make inquiries about the actions of the Walis’
Ya kamata Khalifah ya binciki ayyukan Wali kuma ya sa ido sosai a kansu. Ya yi haka da kansa ko kuma ya naɗa wanda zai duba halin da suke ciki da gudanar da bincike. Mu'awin ma yana da izinin sa ido kan ayyukan wulah a cikin wilayar da yake taimakon Khalifah a cikinta, kuma ya kamata ya yi bitar abubuwan da ya gano da kuma hukuncin da ya yanke game da su tare da Khalifah, kamar yadda aka bayyana a aikin mataimaki wanda aka ba wakilci. Ta haka Khalifah zai san halin wulah, yana kuma bin yanayin su. Haka kuma ya kamata ya gana da dukkansu ko wasu daga cikinsu lokaci-lokaci, ya saurari korafe-korafen al'umma a kansu.
The Khalifah should inquire about the actions of the Wali and should monitor them closely. He should do this directly or appoint someone who would check their state of affairs and carry out inspections. The Mu’awin is also allowed to monitor the actions of the wulah in the wilayat that he helps the Khalifah in, and he should review his findings and decisions he took regarding them with the Khalifah, as has been explained in the task of the delegated assistant. Thus, the Khalifah would be aware of the states of the wulah, and following their situation. He should also meet with all of them or some of them from time to time and listen to the complaints of the subjects against them. .
An tabbatar da cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ yana binciken Walis (gwamnonin yankuna) a lokacin da yake nada su, kamar yadda ya yi da Mu'adh da Abu Musa. Yana kuma bayyana musu yadda ya kamata su gudanar da ayyukansu, kamar yadda ya yi da Amr b. Hazm. Haka kuma yana jan hankalinsu zuwa wasu muhimman al'amura, kamar yadda ya yi da Aban b. Sa'id lokacin da ya nada shi Wali a kan Bahrain, ya ce masa:
It has been confirmed that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to examine the Walis when appointing them, as he did with Muadh and Abu Musa. He used to explain to them how they should conduct their duties, as he did with amr b. Hazm. He also drew their attention to some important matters as he did with Aban b. Sa'id when he appointed him Wali over Bahrain and said to him: .
"Ku kula da ‘Abd Qays kuma ku girmama shugabanninsu".
"Look after ‘Abd Qays and honour their leaders". .
Haka kuma an tabbatar da cewa shi ma (SAW) yana kira ga Walis su yi bayani, yana duba halin da suke ciki, kuma yana saurarar labarai da ake kawo masa game da su. Yana kuma tambayar Walis su yi bayanin kudaden shiga da kuma kudaden da aka kashe ﷺ.
Likewise it has also been confirmed that He (PBUH) used to hold the Walis accountable, inspect their situation and listen to news brought to him about them. He (PBUH) used to ask the Walis to account for the revenues and expenses used. .
Al-Bukhari da Muslim sun ruwaito daga Abu Humaid Al-Sa'idi, wanda ya ce: Manzon Allah ﷺ ya nada Ibn al-Utbiyya a matsayin ma'aikaci mai kula da Sadaqah ta Banu Salim. Da ya dawo wajen Annabi ﷺ, ya ce: "Wannan naku ne, kuma (wannan kyauta ce) da aka miƙa mini." Sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:
Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated on the authority of Abu Humaid Al-Sa'idi who said:. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) appointed Ibn al-Utbiyya as ‘amil in charge of Sadaqah of Banu Salim. When he returned back to the Prophet (PBUH), he said: "This is for you and (this is a gift) that was presented to me.” So the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:.
"Me ya sa ba ka zauna a gidan mahaifinka da mahaifiyarka ba, don kyautarka ta zo maka idan gaskiya kake faɗa?" ‘Umar (ra) yana sa ido sosai kan Walis, kuma ya naɗa Muhammad Ibnu Maslamah ya bincika halin da suke ciki ya kuma duba su. ‘Umar yakan tara Walis a lokacin aikin Hajji don duba ayyukansu da sauraron korafe-korafen al'umma a kansu, kuma yakan tattauna da su al'amuran Wilayah da kuma tambayar yanayin rayuwarsu. An ruwaito cewa ‘Umar ya taɓa cewa wa mutanen da ke kewaye da shi: "Za ku ce aikina zai cika idan na naɗa muku mafi kyau daga cikinku, sannan na umarce shi da adalci?" Suka ce, "Eh." Ya ce, "A'a. Sai dai in duba aikinsa, in ga ko ya aikata abin da na umarce shi da shi." ‘Umar an san shi da tsauri wajen lissafin Walis da amils. Yakan cire wasu daga cikinsu saboda shakka ba tare da hujja mai ƙarfi ba, har ma yakan cire Wali saboda ƙaramin shakku wanda bai ma kai matakin zato ba. An taɓa tambayarsa game da haka wata rana, sai ya ce: "Abu ne mai sauƙi a musanya Amir da wani don gyara al'amuran mutane." [Bukhari, Sahih. #6979]
"Why did you not remain in your father’s and mother’s home so that your gift comes to you if you said the truth." ‘Umar (ra) used to closely monitor the Walis, and he appointed Muhammad Ibnu Maslamah to examine their state of affairs and inspect them. ‘Umar used to gather the Walis during the Hajj season to review their performance and to listen to the complaints of the subjects about them, and he also used to discuss with them the affairs of the Wilayah's and ask about their own conditions. It has been reported that ‘Umar once said to people around him: “Would you say that my duty would be fulfilled if I appointed over you the best from amongst you, and ordered him to be just?” They said, “Yes”. He replied, “No. Not until I had checked his performance, and seen whether or not he did what I had ordered him to do.” .‘Umar was known to be strict when accounting the Walis and the amils. He would even remove some of them on a suspicion without conclusive evidence, and he even used to remove a Wali on the slightest doubt that did not even reach the level of suspicion. He was asked about this one day and he said, “It is easy to swap an Amir for another so as to amend the people’s affairs.” [Bukhari, Sahih. #6979] .
Duk da tsananinsa a kansu, ya barsu da cikakken 'yanci wajen gudanar da ayyukansu, kuma yana kare mutuncinsu wajen mulki. Yakan saurare su yana kuma duba hujjojinsu. Idan ya yarda da wata hujja, ba ya jin kunyar nuna amincewarsa da ita da kuma gamsuwarsa da ita, sannan daga baya yakan yabi amil. Wata rana labari ya isa gare shi game da amilinsa a kan Homs, Umayr Ibnu Sa'ad, wanda ya ce yayin da yake kan mimbarin Homs, "Musulunci zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai karfi muddin hukuma tana da karfi. Karfin hukuma kuwa ba ya zuwa ta hanyar kisa da takobi ko bulala, sai dai ta hanyar yanke hukunci da gaskiya da tsayawa kan adalci." Da ya ji haka, 'Umar ya ce, "Ina fatan a ce ina da mutum irin Umayr Ibnu Sa'ad da zai taimaka mini wajen harkokin Musulmai."
However, despite his strictness with them he gave them a free hand to undertake their duties and safeguarded their reputation in ruling. He used to listen to them and consider their arguments. If he liked an argument he was not shy of showing his approval and conviction of it and of showering the amil with praise afterwards. One day news reached him about his amil over Homs Umayr Ibnu Saad who had said while over the pulpit of Homs, “Islam will remain strong as long as the authority is strong. And the strength of the authority does not come about with the killing by the sword or the lashing by the whip, but by judging with the truth and the upholding of justice.” Upon hearing this ‘Umar said, “I wish I had a man like Umayr Ibnu Saad to help me with the Muslims' affairs.” .