Hanyoyin aiki da aka bi wajen naɗa Khalifa, kafin a ba shi bai'a, na iya zama daban-daban, kamar yadda ya faru da Khulafa'u Rashidun da suka zo nan take bayan rasuwar Manzon Allah ﷺ, waɗanda su ne: Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, da 'Ali (Allah (S.W.T) ya yarda da su). Dukkan Sahabbai sun yi shiru game da wannan kuma sun amince da shi; in ba haka ba, da ba su karɓe shi ba idan ya saɓa wa Shari'a. Wannan saboda yana da alaƙa da wani al'amari mai muhimmanci wanda matsayin Musulmi da kiyaye mulkin Musulunci suka dogara a kansa. Idan muka bi ci gaban naɗin waɗannan Khulafa'u, za mu ga cewa wasu Musulmi sun yi tattaunawa a zauren Saqifa na Banu Sa'idah. An zaɓi Sa'd, Abu Ubaidah, 'Umar da Abu Bakr, babu wani kuma. Sai dai 'Umar da Abu Ubaidah sun ƙi ƙalubalantar Abu Bakr. Wannan ya nuna cewa al'amarin ya takaita ne tsakanin Abu Bakr da Sa'd. Sakamakon wannan tattaunawa, aka karɓi bai'a ga Abu Bakr. Washegari aka kira Musulmi zuwa Masallaci, suka kuma yi masa bai'a. Don haka bai'ar da aka yi a Saqifa bai'a ce ta naɗi, wadda ta sa ya zama Khalifa ga Musulmi. Sai dai bai'ar ta biyu a Masallaci washegari bai'ar biyayya ce.

The practical measures taken to appoint the Khalifah, before the bayah is given to him, can take different forms, which happened with the rightly guided Khulafaa’ who came immediately after the death of the Messenger (P.B.U.H) namely: Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, and ‘Ali (May Allah (S.W.T) be pleased with them). All of the Sahabah remained silent about this and vouched for it, otherwise, they would not have accepted it if it was against the Shara. This is because it is related to a vital matter upon which rely the stature of the Muslims and the preservation of the rule of Islam. If we follow the development of the appointment of those Khulafaa, we find that some Muslims had discussions in the hall (Saqifa) of Banu Sa’idah. Sa‘d, Abu Ubaydah, ‘Umar and Abu Bakr were nominated and no-one else. However, ‘Umar and Abu Ubaidah refused to challenge Abu Bakr. This meant the issue was confined to Abu Bakr and Sa’d. As a result of the debate, the Bayah was taken for Abu Bakr. The next day the Muslims were called to the Masjid and in turn they pledged their Bayah. So the Bayah in the Saqifa was a Bayah of appointment, by which he became Khalifah for the Muslims. However, the second Bayah in the Masjid, the next day was a Bayah of obedience. .

Sa'ad da Abu Bakr ya ji cewa rashin lafiyarsa yana tare da mutuwa, kuma rundunonin Musulmi suna yaƙi da manyan ƙasashen Farisa da Rum na lokacin, sai ya ga ya wajaba ya kira Musulmi ya tuntube su game da wanda zai zama Khalifan Musulmi bayansa. Ya ci gaba da yin waɗannan tuntuɓe-tuntuɓe har tsawon watanni uku. Da suka kammala, kuma ya san ra'ayin mafi yawan Musulmi, sai ya sanar da su, watau ya naɗa, Umar a matsayin Khalifan da zai gāje shi. Wannan wakilci ko naɗi ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin kwangilar Khilafah ga Umar bayansa ba. Wannan saboda sai bayan mutuwar Abu Bakr ne Musulmi suka zo Masallaci suka yi wa Umar mubaya'a don Khilafah. Ta wannan mubaya'a ne Umar ya zama Khalifan Musulmi, ba sakamakon tuntuɓe-tuntuɓen ko naɗin Abu Bakr ba. Da naɗin Umar da Abu Bakr ya yi ya kasance kwangilar Khilafah gare shi, to da ba zai buƙaci mubaya'ar Musulmi ba. Haka kuma, nassosin da aka ambata sun nuna a fili cewa babu wanda zai zama Khalifa sai da mubaya'a daga Musulmi.

When Abu Bakr felt that his illness carried with it death, and the Muslim armies were fighting the Persian and Roman superpowers of that time, he felt it necessary to invite the Muslims and consult them with regards to who could be a Khalifah for the Muslims after him. He continued to make these consultations for three months. When they were complete and he knew the opinion of the majority of the Muslims, he announced to them, i.e. nominated, ‘Umar to be the Khalifah to succeed him. This delegation or nomination was not considered a contract of Khilafah to ‘Umar after him. This is because it was only after the death of Abu Bakr that Muslims came to the Masjid and pledged their allegiance to ‘Umar for Khilafah. It was through this Bayah that ‘Umar became the Khalifah for the Muslims, and not as a consequence of the consultations or the nomination of Abu Bakr. Had the nomination of ‘Umar by Abu Bakr been a contract of Khilafah to him, then he would not have needed the bayah of Muslims. Besides, the cited texts indicate explicitly that no one can become a Khalifah except with the Bayah from Muslims. .

Lokacin da ‘Umar yake Halifa kuma aka ji masa rauni, Musulmi suka roƙe shi ya nada Halifa, amma ya ki. Suka ci gaba da matsa masa, sai ya takaita zaɓen ga mutum shida, wato ya nada mutum shida. Sannan ya naɗa Suhaib ya jagoranci sallah, kuma ya lura da waɗanda ya naɗa, domin su zaɓi Halifa daga cikinsu cikin kwana uku da aka ba su. ‘Umar ya ce wa Suhaib: “…Idan biyar (daga cikin shidan) suka yarda suka karɓi mutum ɗaya, sannan mutum ɗaya (daga cikin shidan) ya ƙi shi, to ka buge kansa da takobi…” Haka kuma At-Tabari ya ruwaito shi a cikin Ta’rikhinsa; Ibn Qutaybah, marubucin littafin al-Imamah da Siyasah wanda aka sani da “Tarihin Khulafa’”; da Ibn Sa’d a littafinsa al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra. Sannan ‘Umar ya naɗa Abu Talha Al-Ansari ya kare taron da mutum hamsin, kuma ya dora wa Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad alhakin zaɓar wurin taron na waɗannan mutum shida. Bayan rasuwarsa (ra), waɗanda aka naɗa suka zauna a taronsu. Abdul Rahman ibn Awf ya tambayi shidan ya ce: “Wane ne a cikinku zai janye kansa daga wannan (Khilafar) ya ba da ita ga mafi kyau a cikinku?” Babu wanda ya amsa masa, sai ya ci gaba da cewa: “Ni da kaina na yi watsi da haƙƙina na Khilafar.” Sannan ya fara tuntuɓarsu ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Zai tambaye su, “Ban da kai, wane ne a cikin wannan rukuni kake ganin ya cancanci wannan iko?” Amsarsu ta takaita ga mutum biyu: Ali da ‘Uthman. Sai Abdul-Rahman ya nemi ra’ayin Musulmi game da mutanen biyu, da wanda za su zaɓa a matsayin Halifa. Ya tambayi maza da mata yayin binciken ra’ayin jama’a. Ya yi aiki dare da rana a lokacin zaɓen Halifa. Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito daga Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah cewa ya ce: “Abdul Rahman ya kwankwasa ƙofata bayan an wuce wani ɓangare na dare, har na farka. Ya ce, ‘Na ga kana barci. Na rantse da Allah, ban ji daɗin barci sosai a cikin waɗannan uku ba’”, yana nufin dare ukun. Bayan da mutane suka yi sallar asuba (fajr), aka kammala mubaya'a ga 'Uthman, sai ya zama Khalifa da mubaya'ar Musulmi, ba saboda zaɓen mutum shida da 'Umar ya yi ba.

At the time when ‘Umar was Khalifah and he was injured, the Muslims asked him to nominate a Khalifah, but he refused. They continued to insist and so he confined it to six people, i.e. he nominated six people. Then he appointed Suhaib to lead the prayer and to watch over those nominated by him so as to select the Khalifah from amongst them within the three days assigned to them. ‘Umar said to Suhaib: “…If five (of the six) agreed and accepted one man, while one (of the six) man rejected him, then strike his head with the sword...” This is also reported by At-Tabari in his Ta’rikh; by Ibn Qutaybah the author of the book al-Imamah and Siyasah known as “The history of the Khulafa’” and Ibn Sa’d in his book al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra. ‘Umar then appointed Abu Talha Al-Ansari to protect the gathering with fifty men and he charged Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad with the duty of choosing the meeting place for the six candidates. After his death (ra) the nominees settled into their meeting. Abdul Rahman ibn Awf then asked the six "Who would take himself out of it (the Khilafah) and give it to the best among you?” No one answered him, so he went on saying, “I myself renounce my right to the Khilafah.” Then he started to consult them one by one. He would ask them, “Apart from yourself, who do you think is worthy of this authority from among this group?" Their answer was confined to two: Ali and ‘Uthman. Then Abdul- Rahman sought the opinion of the Muslims regarding the two people and which they would elect as Khalifah. He asked the men and women when investigating the opinion of the people. He (ra) worked day and night during the period of electing the Khalifah. Al-Bukhari reported from Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah that he said: “Abdul Rahman knocked at my door after a part of the night passed till I woke up. He said, ‘I see you have been sleeping. By Allah, I did not enjoy much sleep in these three’”, meaning the three nights. After the people had prayed the dawn prayer (fajr), the Bayah was concluded to ‘Uthman and he became Khalifah by the bayah of the Muslims, and not due to the nomination of the six people by ‘Umar. .

A lokacin kisan ‘Uthman (ra), taron Musulmi a al-Madinah da al-Kufah sun yi wa Ali ibn Abi Talib mubaya’a, don haka ya zama Khalifa ta mubaya’ar Musulmi.

At the time of ‘Uthman’s (ra) murder the Muslim masses of al-Madinah and al- Kufah gave the bayah to Ali ibn Abi Talib, so he became a Khalifah by the bayah of the Muslims. .

Dangane da bincike mai zurfi game da hanyar Bayah ɗinsu (ra), a bayyane yake cewa an sanar da mutanen da aka zaɓa domin Khilafah ga jama'a, kuma kowannensu ya cika sharuɗɗan kwangilar. Sannan aka nemi ra'ayin manyan mutane masu tasiri a cikin Musulmai, waɗanda ke wakiltar Ummah. Wakilan Ummah a lokacin Khulafa'ur Rashidun sun kasance sanannu, domin su ne Sahabbai (ra), ko kuma mutanen Madina. Duk wanda Sahabbai ko mafi yawansu suka karɓa, sai a ba shi Bayah na kwangila, ya zama Khalifa, kuma biyayya gare shi ta zama wajibi ga Musulmai. Musulmai sai su ba shi Bayah na biyayya, Khalifa kuma ya zama wakilin Ummah wajen mulki da iko.

Upon close examination regarding the method of their (ra) Bayah it is clear that the nominees to the Khilafah were announced to the people and each one of them fulfilled the contractual conditions. Then the opinion of the influential people among the Muslims, who represent the Ummah, was sought. The representatives of the Ummah were known at the time of the Khulafaa’ Rashidun, for they were the Sahabah (ra), or the people of al-Madinah. Whoever was accepted by the Sahabah or their majority was given the contracting bayah, and he became a Khalifah, and obedience to him became incumbent upon the Muslims. Muslims would then give him the Bayah of obedience, and the Khalifah would become the representative of the Ummah in ruling and authority. .

Wannan yana fahimtar daga Bai'ar da aka yi wa Khulafa'u al-Rashidun (ra). Akwai al'amura biyu da ake fahimta daga zaɓen 'Umar na mutum shida da kuma matakan da aka bi a Bai'ar 'Uthman (ra). Waɗannan al'amura biyu su ne kasancewar wani amir na wucin gadi wanda ke kula da lokacin da ake naɗa sabon Khalifah, da kuma iyakance adadin waɗanda aka zaɓa zuwa mutum shida.

This is understood from the Ba’yah given to the Khulafa’ al-Rashidun (ra). There are two issues that are understood from ‘Umar’s nomination of six people and from the measures followed in the Bayah of ‘Uthman (ra). These two issues are the presence of a provisional amir that takes care of the period during which the new Khalifah is appointed and limiting the number of nominees to six people. .