Aikin mataimaki mai wakiltar shugaba shi ne ya gabatar wa Khalifah duk aikin da yake niyyar yi. Sannan ya sanar wa Khalifah abin da ya aiwatar dangane da hukunce-hukunce, da abin da ya gudanar dangane da gudanarwa da nada-nada, domin mataimakin kada ya zama kamar Khalifah a cikin ikonsa. Saboda haka, aikinsa shi ne ya gabatar da nazarinsa, sannan ya aiwatar da shi, sai dai idan Khalifah ya hana shi yin hakan.

The task of the delegated assistant is to submit to the Khalifah all the work he intends to perform. He then reports to the Khalifah what he has executed in terms of decisions and what he has discharged in terms of management and appointment, so that the assistant would not become like the Khalifah in his powers. Therefore, his job is to submit his review and then execute it, unless the Khalifah stops him from doing so. .

Dalilin wannan shi ne yanayin Mu'awin, wanda shi ne mataimakin Khalifah a al'amarin da aka ba shi. Mataimaki yana aiki ne a madadin wanda ya nada shi a matsayin mataimakinsa. Don haka ba ya zama mai zaman kansa daga Khalifah, a maimakon haka yana yin shawara da shi kan kowane aiki, kamar yadda 'Umar (ra) yake yi a lokacin da yake wazirin Abu Bakr, inda zai yi shawara da Abu Bakr kan abin da yake niyyar aikatawa, sannan ya aiwatar da shi bisa haka. Yin shawara da Khalifah ba lallai ba ne ya nuna cewa yana bukatar izininsa a kowane cikakken bayani, domin hakan ya saba da yanayin Mu'awin. Maimakon haka yana nufin tattaunawa da shi kan lamarin. Wadannan al'amura na iya kasancewa game da bukatar nada wali mai iya aiki a daya daga cikin larduna, magance korafe-korafen jama'a game da karancin abinci a kasuwa, ko duk wani al'amarin gwamnati. Haka kuma yana iya gabatar masa da wani lamari, a cikin salon gabatarwa, wanda a nan gaba zai sa ya halatta Mu'awin ya aiwatar da lamarin da dukkan cikakkun bayanansa, ba tare da bukatar izini ba. Sai dai idan Khalifah ya ba da umarni na dakatar da aiwatar da kowane lamari, to ba za a aiwatar da shi ba. Don haka gabatarwar kawai dai ita ce miƙa shawara da tuntubar Khalifah a kanta; kuma ba ma'anar neman izinin aiwatar da aikin ba ne. Mu'awin na iya aiwatar da aikin da ake magana a kai muddin Khalifah bai hana shi ba.

The evidence for this is the nature of the Mu’awin who is s a deputy of the Khalifah in the issue designated to him. A deputy acts on behalf of the person who appointed him as his deputy. Thus he does not become independent from the Khalifah, but rather reviews with him every action just as ‘Umar (ra) used to do when he was a wazir to Abu Bakr, whereby he would review with Abu Bakr what he intended to perform, then executed it accordingly. Reviewing with the Khalifah does not necessarily mean that he needs to ask his permission in every single detail, for this contradicts the nature of the Mu’awin. It rather means discussing the matter with him. These matters may be regarding the need of appointing a capable wali to one of the provinces, dealing with the complaints of the people regarding food shortage in the market, or any other affair of the state. He may also submit a matter to him, in the form of a presentation, which in the future may make it legitimate for the Mu’awin to carry out the matter with all its details, without the need for permission to act. However, if the Khalifah issues orders to stop the implementation of any matter, then it should not be executed. Hence, the presentation is simply the putting forward of a proposal and the consultation with the Khalifah about it; and it does not mean seeking permission to carry out the task. The Mu’awin can execute the task in question as long as the Khalifah does not stop him from doing so. .

Ya kamata Khalifah ya duba ayyukan Mu'awin da yadda yake tafiyar da al'amura, domin ya amince da abin da yake daidai, ya gyara abin da ba daidai ba. Wannan saboda kula da al'amuran Ummah an damƙa wa Khalifah, kuma yana gudanar da su bisa ijtihadinsa. Dalilin hakan shi ne Hadisin alhakin da ya rataya a kan rayayyu, inda Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: .

The Khalifah should review the actions of the Mu’awin and his management of affairs, in order to approve what is right and redress what is wrong. This is so because the management of the Ummah’s affairs is commissioned to the Khalifah and discharged according to his own ijtihad. The evidence for this is the Hadith of responsibility over the subjects where the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

"Imam mai tsaron amana ne, kuma shi ne ke da alhakin al'ummarsa." [Bukhari, Sahih. #893].

“The Imam is a guardian and he is responsible over his subjects.” [Bukhari, Sahih. #893].

Saboda haka, Khalifah yana da hakkin aiwatar da aikin gwamnati, kuma shi ne yake da alhakin al'ummarsa, alhali kuwa Mu'awin wanda aka wakilta ba shi da alhakin al'umma, sai dai yana da alhakin ayyukansa kawai. Alhakin al'umma yana kan Khalifah shi kadai. Saboda haka, Khalifah yana wajaba ya duba ayyukan Mu'awin da yadda yake gudanar da aikinsa domin ya cika aikinsa ga al'ummarsa. Baya ga wannan, mataimakin da aka wakilta yana iya yin kuskure a wasu lokuta, kuma Khalifah yana da wajibcin gyara irin wadannan kurakurai, don haka yana wajaba ya duba dukkan ayyukan mataimakin. Don haka, saboda wadannan dalilai guda biyu: cika alhakinsa ga al'ummarsa da gyara kurakuran da mataimakin da aka wakilta zai iya yi, Khalifah yana wajaba ya duba dukkan ayyukan Mu'awin.

Therefore, the Khalifah is entitled to the task of government and he is responsible over his subjects, whereas the delegated Mu’awin is not responsible over the subjects, but he is merely responsible for his own actions. The responsibility over the subjects is confined to the Khalifah alone. Therefore, the Khalifah is obliged to review the actions of the Mu’awin and his performance in order to fulfil his duty towards his subjects. Aside from this, the delegated assistant can sometimes make errors, and the Khalifah has to redress such errors, so he has to review all the assistant’s actions. Therefore, it is for these two reasons: fulfilling responsibility towards his subjects and redressing potential errors made by the delegated assistant, that the Khalifah is obliged to review all of the Mu’awin’s actions. .

Idan mataimakin wakili ya yanke hukunci a kan wani al'amari, Khalifah kuma ya amince da shi, to Mu'awin zai iya aiwatar da shi ba tare da wani canji ba. Idan Khalifah ya ki amincewa da abin da Mu'awin ya aiwatar, to a nan za a bincika al'amarin. Idan Mu'awin ya aiwatar da hukunci daidai, ko ya kashe kudi a wuraren da suka dace ko a wasu ayyuka, to ra'ayinsa yana aiki, domin a ka'ida ra'ayin Khalifah ne, kuma Khalifah ba shi da hakkin ya soke abin da Mu'awin ya aiwatar na hukunce-hukunce ko kudaden da ya kashe. Amma idan Mu'awin ya yi wasu nau'ukan ayyuka, kamar nada Wali ko shirya runduna, Khalifah yana da hakkin ya soke hukuncin Mu'awin ya aiwatar da ra'ayinsa, don haka ya soke ayyukan Mu'awin. Wannan saboda Khalifah yana da hakkin ya gyara ayyukansa, don haka yana da hakkin ya gyara ayyukan mataimakansa.

If the delegated assistant decided a matter and the Khalifah approved of it, the Mu’awin could then execute it without any alterations. If the Khalifah objected to what the Mu’awin executed, then in this case the matter would be examined. If the Mu’awin correctly carried out a verdict or if he spent some funds in the correct areas or in certain projects then the Mu’awin’s opinion comes into force, for in principle, it is the Khalifah’s opinion, and the Khalifah has no right to redress what the Mu’awin executed in terms of rules or funds he spent. However, if the Mu’awin had performed other types of actions, such as the appointment of a Wali or the preparation of an army, the Khalifah has the right to reverse the Mu’awin’s decision and enforce his own opinion, thus nullifying the Mu’awin’s actions. This is because the Khalifah has the right to redress his own actions so he has the right to redress the actions of his assistants. .

Wannan bayani ne game da yadda Mu'awin ke gudanar da ayyukansa da kuma yadda Khalifa ke duba ayyukan Mu'awin. An samo shi ne daga ayyukan da Khalifa zai iya gyarawa da kuma ayyukan da ba zai iya gyarawa ba, domin ayyukan Mu'awin wanda aka wakilta ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin ayyukan Khalifa. Dalilin haka shi ne, an halatta ga mataimakin da aka wakilta ya yi mulki da kansa kuma ya naɗa masu mulki kamar yadda Khalifa yake yi. Hakan ya kasance ne saboda an ba shi sharuɗɗan mulki. Haka kuma yana da hakkin bincika korafe-korafe ko ya wakilci wani ya yi haka, domin an tabbatar masa da sharuɗɗan korafe-korafe.

This is the description of the way in which the Mu’awin performs his duties and the way in which the Khalifah reviews the Mu’awin’s actions. It is derived from the actions the Khalifah is allowed to redress and the actions he is not allowed to redress, because the actions of the delegated Mu’awin are considered as actions of the Khalifah. As an explanation for this, it is allowed for the delegated assistant to rule by himself and to appoint rulers as it is allowed for the Khalifah. This is so, because the conditions of ruling have been conferred to him. He is also entitled to investigate the complaints or to deputize someone to do so, because the conditions of complaints have been verified for him. .

Shi kuma yana da hakkin ya jagoranci jihadi da kansa, ko ya nada wani ya yi shi, domin sharuddan yaki sun tabbata a gare shi. Yana da hakkin ya aiwatar da abubuwan da ya yanke shawara a kansu, ko ya wakilta wani ya aiwatar da su a madadinsa, domin sharuddan bayar da ra'ayi da gudanarwa an ba shi su. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya nufin cewa abin da Mu'awin ya aiwatar ba zai iya Khalifah ya soke shi ba, matukar an sanar da shi game da shi. Yana nufin dai yana da irin wannan iko da Khalifah yake da shi, sai dai yana aiki a madadinsa ba da kansa ba. Saboda haka, Khalifah yana da hakkin ya saba wa Mu'awin, ya gyara abin da aka aiwatar ko ya soke duk wani aikinsa, la'akari da cewa wannan ya shafi irin ayyukan da Khalifah zai iya gyarawa a kan ayyukansa na kansa.

He is also entitled to take charge of Jihad by himself, or appoint someone to do so, for the conditions of war have been verified for him. He is entitled to execute matters he has decided or to deputize someone to execute them on his behalf, for the conditions of voicing an opinion and management are conferred to him. However, this does not mean that whatever the Mu’awin performed can’t be reversed by the Khalifah, as long as he had been briefed about it. It rather means that he possesses the same powers as the Khalifah, but he acts on his behalf and not independent of him. Therefore, the Khalifah is entitled to disagree with the Mu’awin and redress what has been executed or reverse any of his actions, bearing in mind that this applies only to the sort of actions which the Khalifah can redress of his own actions. .

Idan Mu'awin ya aiwatar da wata doka daidai ko ya kashe kuɗi a wuraren da suka dace, to ƙin amincewar Khalifah ba shi da hujja, kuma hukuncin Mu'awin zai tabbata. Wannan saboda a ƙa'ida hukuncin Khalifah ne da kansa, kuma a irin waɗannan lokuta shi kansa ba zai iya soke hukuncinsa ko ya ɓata abin da ya aiwatar ba. Don haka ba zai iya soke aikin Mu'awinsa ba. Sai dai idan Mu'awin ya naɗa Wali, mai gudanarwa, kwamandan soji ko wani wanda aka naɗa, ko kuma ya kafa tsarin tattalin arziƙi, shirin soji, ko shirin masana'antu, ko wani aiki makamancin haka, to Khalifah yana da izinin soke shi. Wannan saboda duk da cewa ana ɗaukar waɗannan a matsayin ra'ayoyin Khalifah, sun shiga cikin rukunin hukunce-hukuncen da Khalifah yake da ikon gyarawa ko da kansa ne ya yi su. Saboda haka yana iya gyara hukunce-hukuncen Mu'awinsa. A ƙarshe, Khalifah yana da izinin soke ayyukan Mu'awin. Ƙa'idar gaba ɗaya a kan haka ita ce: Khalifah yana iya gyara duk wani aikin da Mu'awin ya yi matuƙar aikin yana cikin waɗanda Khalifah zai iya gyarawa idan da kansa ya yi shi; amma duk wani aikin da Khalifah ba zai iya gyarawa ba idan da kansa ya yi shi, ba zai halatta masa ya gyara shi ba idan Mu'awinsa ya yi shi.

If the Mu’awin executed a rule correctly or spent funds in the right areas then the Khalifah’s objections would be illegitimate and the Mu’awin’s decision would be executed. This is because in principle, it is the Khalifah’s own decision and in such cases he himself cannot reverse his decision or nullify what he himself had executed. Hence, he could not reverse his Mu’awin’s action. However, if the Mu’awin had appointed a Wali, an administrator, an army commander or any other appointee or if he had laid down an economic strategy, a military plan or an industrial program or any similar undertaking, then the Khalifah is allowed to nullify it. This is because, although they are considered as being the Khalifah’s opinions they fall under the category of decisions which the Khalifah is entitled to redress even when done by himself. Accordingly he could redress the Mu’awin’s decisions. In conclusion it is allowed for the Khalifah to nullify the actions of the Mu’awin. The basic rule concerning this would be as follows: the Khalifah can redress any action undertaken by the Mu’awin as long as the action is from those which he can redress when undertaken by himself; whereas any action the Khalifah cannot redress of himself, he is not permitted to redress the same action if performed by his Mu’awin. .

Mu'awin da aka wakilta ba a naɗa shi zuwa wani takamaiman sashe na tsarin gudanarwa ba, kamar sashen ilimi, saboda waɗanda ke jagorantar al'amuran gudanarwa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne ba masu mulki ba; yayin da mataimakin da aka wakilta mai mulki ne, ba ma'aikacin gwamnati ba. Aikinsa shi ne ya jagoranci al'amura, ba ya riƙe matsayin ma'aikatan gwamnati ba.

The delegated Mu’awin is not designated to any particular department of the administration system, like the education department, because those who take charge of the administration matters are civil servants and not rulers; whilst, the delegated assistant is a ruler, rather than a civil servant. His task is to take charge of the affairs and not to occupy the role of civil servants. .

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba ya tafiyar da al'amuran gudanarwa. Sai dai hakan ba ya nufin an hana shi aiwatar da wani aikin gudanarwa. Maimakon haka, an ba shi nauyi na gabaɗaya, kuma ba a takaita shi ga ayyukan gudanarwa kawai ba.

This is the reason why he does not run the administrative matters. However, it does not mean that he is prevented from carrying out any administrative action. Rather he is given general responsibility and is not confined to the administrative functions.