4.1 Taken
4.1 The title
Ana iya kiran sunansa da Khalifah, ko "Imam", ko "Amir al-Mu'minin". Wadannan lakabi sun zo ne a cikin hadisai ingantattu, kuma Sahabbai sun yi ijma'i a kansu. Khulafa'u Rashidun (Khalifofi hudu na farko) sun rike irin wadannan lakabi.
His title could be the Khalifah, the “Imam” or the “Amir al-Mu’minin”. These titles have been narrated in sound Ahadith and in the Ijma’ of the Sahabah. The Khulafa’ Al-Rashidin (first four Khulafa’) have held such titles. .
Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri ya ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: "Idan an yi wa halifofi biyu mubaya'a, to ku kashe na karshe daga cikinsu." (Muslim, Sahih, #1842).
Abu Said Al-Khudri reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “If the pledge of allegiance (Bay’ah) has been taken for two Khulafaa’ kill the latter of them.” (Muslim, Sahih, #1842).
‘Abdullahi ɗan Amr Ɗan al-‘Aas ya ruwaito cewa ya ji Manzon Allah ﷺ yana cewa: "Duk wanda ya yi mubaya'a ga Imam, yana ba shi tafin hannunsa da 'ya'yan zuciyarsa, to ya yi masa biyayya muddin yana iya ..." [Muslim, Sahih, #1844].
‘Abdullah ibn Amr Ibn al-‘Aas reported that he heard Allah’s Messenger say: “Whoever pledged allegiance to an Imam giving him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of his heart shall obey him as long as he can ...” [Muslim, Sahih, #1844] .
Daga Auf Ibn Malik, ya ruwaito cewa ya ji Manzon Allah ﷺ yana cewa: "Mafi alherin shugabanninku su ne wadanda kuke so kuma suna son ku, wadanda kuke yi musu addu'a kuma suke yi muku addu'a..." [Muslim, Sahih, #4782].
Auf Ibn Malik reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) say: “The best of your Imams are those whom you love and they love you and who pray for you and you pray for them ...” [Muslim, Sahih, #4782]. .
A cikin waɗannan hadisai, sunan mai mulki wanda ke aiwatar da dokokin Allah a cikin Musulunci shi ne Khalifah ko Imam.
In these ahadith the title of the ruler that executes the divine rules in Islam is the Khalifah or the Imam. .
Hadiisin da suka fi ingancin wallafa game da laƙabin "Amir al-Mu'mineen" sun fito ne daga hadisin Shihab Al-Zuhri wanda Al-Hakim ya ruwaito a cikin al-Mustadrak [juz'i na 3, shafi na 73, lamba ta 4480], wanda al-Zahabi ya tabbatar da ingancinsa [a cikin al-Talkhis]. Al-Tabarani ya ruwaito wata riwaya wadda Al-Haythami ya bayyana cewa dukkan masu ruwaitawarta amintattu ne masu ingantaccen hali. Al-Hakim ya ruwaito hadisin kamar haka:
The most authentic reports regarding the title “Amir al-Mu’mineen,” came from the hadith of Shihab Al-Zuhri reported by Al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak [vol.3, p.73, #4480], which was authenticated by al-Zahabi [in the Talkhis]. Al- Tabarani has reported a narration regarding which Al-Haythami declared all transmitters of sound character. Al-Hakim narrates the hadith as follows: .
Ibn Shihab ya ruwaito cewa ‘Umar ibn Abdul Aziz ya tambayi Abu Bakr ibn Suleiman ibn Abi Haythma…“Wane ne na farko da ya rubuta daga Amir al-Mu’minin?” Ya ce, “Ash-Shafa’ ta gaya mini, wadda take daga cikin matan farko da suka yi hijira, cewa ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) ya rubuta wa gwamnan Iraki yana neman maza biyu masu ƙarfi don ya tambaye su game da Iraki da mutanenta. Ya aika masa da Labeed ibn Rabeeah da Adi ibn Hatim. Lokacin da suka isa Madina, sun tsayar da raƙumansu biyu a farfajiyar masallaci, sannan suka shiga cikin masallacin. Nan take suka ga Amr ibn al-Aas, sai suka ce, “Ka nemi izini mana, ya Amr, don mu ga Amir ul-Mu’mineen!” Amru ya ce, “Na rantse da Allah, kun kira shi da sunansa na gaskiya. Shi ne Amir, mu kuma muminai ne (mu’mineen).” Sai Amru ya yi tsalle ya shiga gaban ‘Umar, Amir ul-Mu’mineen, ya ce, “Assalamu Alayka ya Amir ul-Mu’mineen (Aminci ya tabbata a gare ka, ya Amir na muminai).” ‘Umar ya ce, “Me ya sa ka yi tunanin wannan suna, ya ɗan al-As? Allah ya san cewa dole ne ka tabbatar da abin da ka faɗa.” Ya ce, “Labeed ibn Rabeeah da Adi ibn Hatim sun iso, suka tsayar da raƙumansu biyu a farfajiyar masallaci, suka zo wurina suka ce, ka nemi izini mana, ya Amru, don mu ga Amir al-Mu’minin! Na rantse da Allah, sun ba ka sunan da ya dace; mu muminai ne, kai kuwa Amir ne a gare mu.” Tun daga wannan lokaci, suka fara amfani da wannan take a rubuce.” Ash-Shifa’ ita ce kakar Abu Bakr ibn Suleiman. Bayan haka, Musulmi suka ci gaba da kiran khalifofin bayan ‘Umar (ra) da wannan take.” [Duba kuma Bukhari, Adab al-Mufrad, #780].
“Ibn Shihab narrated that ‘Umar ibn Abdul Aziz asked Abu Bakr ibn Suleiman ibn Abi Haythma…“Who was the first to write from Amir al-Mu’minin?” He said, “Ash-Shafa’ told me, who was from the first female emigrants, that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) wrote to the governor of Iraq to request two strong men so as to ask them about Iraq and its people. He sent to him Labeed ibn Rabeeah and Adi ibn Hatim. When they arrived to al-Madinah they halted their two camel rides in the courtyard of the masjid and entered into the masjid. They suddenly saw Amr ibn al-Aas, and said, “Ask O Amr for us the permission to see Amir ul-Mu’mineen!” Amru said, “By Allah, you called him by his right name. He is the Amir, and we are the believers (mu’mineen).” Then Amru jumped and entered before ‘Umar, Amir ul-Mu’mineen and said, “Assalamu Alayka ya Amir ul-Mu’mineen (Peace be upon you O Amir of the believers).” ‘Umar said, “What made you think of this name, O ibn al-As? Allah knows you have to justify that which you say.” He said, “Labeed ibn Rabeeah and Adi ibn Hatim arrived and they camped their two camel rides in the courtyard of the masjid and came to me and said ask O Amru for us the permission to see Amir al-Mu’minin!’ By Allah they gave you the right name; we are the believers (mu’mineen) and you are our Amir.” Since then, they started using this title in writing.” Ash-Shifa’ was the grandmother of Abu Bakr ibn Suleiman. After this the Muslims continued to call the Khulafaa’ after ‘Umar (ra) by this title.” [See also Bukhari, Adab al-Mufrad, #780].