Kalmar "Ulil-Amr" ana amfani da ita ne kawai idan ana magana ne game da Musulmai, ba a taba amfani da ita idan ana magana ne game da wadanda ba Musulmai ba. Wannan yana kara tabbatar da cewa wadanda ke rike da mulki dole ne su zama Musulmai. Tun da Khalifah shi ne a matsayi mafi girma na iko kuma shi ne ke da alhakin nada wasu mukamai na iko kamar mataimakansa, Walis da 'Amils, to shi kansa dole ne ya zama Musulmi.
The phrase “Ulil-Amr” is only used when referring to Muslims and never when referring to non-Muslims. This provides further evidence that those in authority must be Muslim. Since the Khalifah is in the highest position of authority and is responsible for appointing others to positions of authority such as his assistants, Walis and ‘amils, he himself, must be Muslim. .
2. Dole ne Khalifah ya zama namiji.
2. The Khalifah must be male. .
Dole ne Khalifa ya zama namiji, ba mace ba. Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito cewa lokacin da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ji cewa mutanen Farisa sun nada 'yar Kisra a matsayin sarauniya, sai ya ce:
The Khalifah must be a man, not a woman. It is narrated by Al-Bukhari that when the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) heard that the people of Persia had appointed the daughter of Chosroes (Kisra) as queen, he said: .
"Mutanen da suka naɗa mace ta zama shugabansu ba za su taɓa samun nasara ba." [Bukhari, Sahih. #4425]
“People who appoint (Wallau) a woman as their leader will never succeed.” [Bukhari, Sahih. #4425] .
Ta hanyar danganta gazawa da nada mace a matsayin shugaba, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya nuna cewa haramun ne ga Musulmi. Wannan hadisi yana cikin salon bukata wadda ke yin gargadi ga wadanda suke nada mace don tafiyar da al'amuran su. Wannan yana ba da alamar (qarinah) cewa bukatar tana da karfi ta hukunci, wato hani ne akan nada mace a matsayin shugaba.
By associating failure with the appointment of a woman as ruler, the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) indicates that it is forbidden for Muslims. This hadith is in the form of a request that admonished those who appoint a woman to run their affairs. This gives an indication (qarinah) that the request is decisive which means a prohibition on appointing a woman as a ruler. .
Fa kasancewar wannan buƙata ta zo ne a cikin siffar zargin waɗanda suke naɗa mace ta jagoranci al'amuransu, suna hana su nasara, yana nuna wata ma'ana (Qarinah) da ke nuna ƙudurin hani. Don haka, hana naɗa mace a matsayin shugaba ya zo a nan tare da wata alama da ke nuna haramcin tabbatacce. Saboda haka naɗa mace a matsayin wali amr haramun ne. Wannan ya haɗa da duk wani muƙami na mulki, ko shi ne matsayin Khalifah ko kuma duk wani muƙami mai ikon wakilci a mulki. Wannan saboda abin da hadisin ya shafa shi ne naɗa 'yar Kisra a matsayin Sarauniya, kuma yana da alaƙa da batun mulki kansa, amma ba ta musamman ga 'yar Kisra ko matsayin Sarauniya ba. Hadisin kuma ba na gama-gari ba ne (‘am) da zai rufe duk abin da ya shafi mulki, don haka bai haɗa da muƙamai a cikin shari'a ba, ko majalisar shawara, ko lissafin shugabanni, ko zaɓen shugaba. Maimakon haka, duk waɗannan ana halatta su ga mace, kamar yadda za a bayyana a sassan da suka dace.
The fact that this came in the form of a request, which came in the form of reproaching those who appoint a woman to run their affairs by denying them success, implies a meaning (Qarinah) which indicates decisiveness. Thus, the forbiddance from appointing a woman as a ruler came here linked with a connotation that indicates the decisive forbiddance. So the appointment of a woman as wali amr is prohibited (haram). This includes any post in ruling, whether it is the position of Khalifah or any other post with delegated authority in ruling. This is because the subject of the hadith is the appointment of the daughter of Chosroes as a Queen, and is related to the issue of ruling itself but not specifically to Chosroes’s daughter or the status of a Queen. The Hadith is also not general (‘am) to cover everything related to ruling so it does not include positions within the judiciary, the shura council, accounting the rulers or the election of the ruler. Rather, all of this is allowed for the woman as will be explained in the relevant sections. .
3. Dole ne Khalifah ya zama balagagge.
3. The Khalifah must be mature. .
Ba a halatta a nada yaro a matsayin Khalifah kafin ya kai balaga, wanda ake gane shi da shigar sa cikin balaga ta fuskar jiki.
Abu Dawud ya ruwaito daga ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:
It is forbidden to appoint a child as Khalifah before he becomes mature, which is physically marked by passing puberty. Abu Dawud narrated from ‘Ali Ibn Abi Talib who said that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .
"Ana ɗauke hukunci daga mutane uku: wanda yake barci har sai ya farka, yaro (matashi) har sai ya kai ga balaga, da mahaukaci har sai ya dawo cikin hankalinsa." (Abu Dawud, Sunan, #4398).
“Accountability is lifted off three persons: The one who is asleep until he awakes, the boy (adolescent) until he reaches maturity and the deranged until he regains his mind.” (Abu Dawud, Sunan, #4398). .
An kuma rawaito daga ‘Ali (ra) cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ce:
It has also been narrated from ‘Ali (ra) that Prophet (P.B.U.H) said: .
"An ɗaga alƙalami daga mutum uku: mai hauka har sai ya dawo cikin hankalinsa, mai barci har sai ya farka, da yaro har sai ya balaga."
“The pen has been lifted off three persons: The deranged in his mind till he restores his mind, the one who sleeps till he wakes up and the adolescent till he reaches maturity.” .
Saboda haka, mutumin da alƙalami ya ɗaga daga kansa ba ya da alhakin kansa, kuma ba a lissafta masa ayyukansa a ƙarƙashin Shari'a. Saboda haka an haramta masa ya zama Khalifah ko ya riƙe duk wani muƙamin iko, domin ba ya da alhakin ayyukansa.
Ana kuma kafa hujja da abin da Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito daga Abu Aqil Zahrah Ibn Ma'bad, wanda ya ruwaito daga kakansa Abdullah Ibn Hisham, wanda ya rayu a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ, cewa mahaifiyarsa Zainab bint Hamid ta kai shi wurin Manzon Allah ﷺ, ta ce: "Ya Manzon Allah, ka karɓi mubaya'a daga gare shi." Sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: "Yana ƙarami." Sannan ya shafa kansa, ya kuma yi masa addu'a. [Bukhari, Sahih, #7210].
Therefore, the person from whom the pen is raised is not responsible for himself, and he is not accountable for his actions under the Shariah. Therefore it is prohibited for him to become Khalifah or to hold any post of authority for he is not responsible for his own actions. Evidence is also derived from what Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Aqil Zahrah Ibn Ma’bad who reported on the authority of his grand-father Abdullah Ibn Hisham who lived during the time of the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) , that his mother Zainab bint Hamid took him to the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) and said: “O Messenger of Allah, take a bayah from him.” Upon this the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: ‘He is young and He (P.B.U.H) wiped over his head and prayed for him.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7210]..
Saboda haka, idan bay'ar yaro ƙarami ba ta inganta ba, kuma ba zai iya ma yi wa Khalifa bay'a ba, to a bayyane yake ba zai iya zama Khalifa da kansa ba.
Therefore, if the Bay’ah of the little boy is not valid, and he cannot even give Bayah to a Khalifah, he clearly cannot become Khalifah himself. .
4. Halifa dole ne ya zama mai hankali.
4. The Khalifah must be sane. .
Ba halal ba ne a sami Khalifah wanda ya zama mahaukaci saboda hadisin Manzon Allah ﷺ da aka rawaito a lamba ta 3, wanda ke nuna cewa "an ɗaga alƙalami..." daga "...mahaukaci a hankalinsa har sai ya mayar da hankalinsa."
It is unlawful to have a Khalifah who has become insane due to the hadith from Allah’s Messenger (P.B.U.H) narrated in point 3 indicating that the “pen has been lifted...” from “... the deranged in his mind until he restores his mind.”.
5. Mutumin da aka ɗaga alƙalami daga kansa ba ya da hisabi, domin hankali yana da mahimmanci ga mutum ya zama mai ɗaukar nauyin ayyukansa. Halifa yana aiwatar da dokoki kuma yana gudanar da dukkan wajibai na shari'a; saboda haka haramun ne a sami halifa mahaukaci, domin mahaukaci ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin ayyukansa ba, don haka ta hanyar hujja mafi girma ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin kula da al'amuran mutane ba. Dole ne halifa ya zama mai adalci ('adl).
5. The person off whom the pen is raised is not accountable because the mind is required for a person to be responsible for his actions. The Khalifah enacts the rules and executes all the legal duties, it is therefore unlawful to have an insane Khalifah because an insane person cannot even be responsible for his own actions and hence by greater reasoning cannot be responsible to look after the affairs of the people. The Khalifah must be just (‘adl). .
Ba zai dace ba Khalifah ya zama 'Fasiq' ba. Adalci sharadi ne wajibi domin a kulla Khilafah, kuma yana da muhimmanci ga ci gabanta. Wannan saboda Allah (P.B.U.H) ya sanya sharadin cewa shaida dole ta zama mai adalci. Shi (S.W.T) yana cewa:
It would not be right for the Khalifah to be a ‘Fasiq’. Integrity is an obligatory condition for contracting the Khilafah and is important for its continuity. This is because Allah (P.B.U.H) has stipulated that the witness must be just. He (S.W.T) says: .
"Kuma ku nemi shaidar mutum biyu adalai daga cikinku" - [TMQ; 65:2].
“And seek the witness of two just men from amongst you” - [TMQ; 65:2].
Saboda haka idan shaida dole ne ya zama mai adalci, to Khalifah wanda ke riƙe da matsayi mafi girma kuma yake mulkin shaidar kansa, shi ma ya zama mai adalci da ƙarin dalili. Gama idan an sanya adalci a matsayin sharaɗi ga shaida, to kasancewarsa a cikin Khalifah ya wajaba da ƙarin dalili.
So if the witness must be just, then the Khalifah who holds a higher post and rules over the witness himself should, by greater reason, be just. For if justice was stipulated for the witness, its presence in the Khalifah must exist by greater reason..
6. Halifa dole ne ya zama mutum mai 'yanci.
6. The Khalifah must be a free man. .
Duk bawa yana ƙarƙashin ikon ubangidansa, don haka ba zai iya tafiyar da al'amuransa da kansa ba, saboda haka ba za a iya ba shi ikon tafiyar da al'amuran wasu mutane da mulkin su ba. 7. Halifa dole ne ya iya aiwatar da aikin Khilafah.
Any slave is under his master’s authority and so he cannot run his own affairs and therefore he cannot be given the power to run other people’s affairs and rule over them. 7. The Khalifah must be able to carry out the task of the Khilafah. .
Duk wanda ba zai iya aiwatar da aikin ba saboda kowane dalili, ba zai iya aiwatar da aikin tafiyar da al'amuran mutane bisa Littafi da Sunnah wadanda aka karbi mubayi'a a kansu ba. Kotun ayyukan zalunci tana da iko na dole wajen tantance ko Khalifah yana da ikon gudanar da aikinsa, da kuma nau'ikan "rashin iko" da za su iya kasancewa.
One who is unable to perform the job for whatever reason cannot perform the duty of running the people’s affairs by the Book and the Sunnah upon which he took the pledge of allegiance (Bayah). The Court of unjust acts has mandatory powers to determine whether a Khalifah has the ability to perform his job and the types of “inability” that may exist. .