Madinaga hijrat qilganidan so'ng, yangi islom jamiyatining ma'muriy, siyosiy va mafkuraviy birlik asoslarida mustahkam poydevorlarga ega ustunlari barpo etilganiga ishonch hosil qilgach, Payg'ambar ﷺ musulmon bo'lmaganlar bilan muntazam va aniq belgilangan munosabatlar o'rnatishga kirishdi. Bu barcha sa'y-harakatlar yolg'iz butun insoniyatga tinchlik, xavfsizlik va farovonlik ta'minlash uchun, xususan, o'z mintaqasida o'zaro hamjihatlik va totuvlik ruhini yuzaga keltirish maqsadida amalga oshirildi.

Soon after emigrating to Madinah and making sure that the pillars of the new Islamic community were well established on strong bases of administrative, political and ideological unity, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) commenced to establish regular and clearly-defined relations with non-Muslims. All of these efforts were exerted solely to provide peace, security, and prosperity to all mankind at large, and to bring about a spirit of rapport and harmony within his region, in particular.

Geografik jihatdan Madinaga eng yaqin yashovchilar yahudiylar edi. Ularda yomon niyatlar bo‘lsa-da, hamda achchiq kek saqlab yursa-da, ular hech qanday qarshilik ko‘rsatmadi va eng oz darajadagi adovat ham bildirmadi. Payg‘ambar ﷺ ular bilan, e’tiqod va mol-mulk erkinligini ta’minlovchi bandlar bilan sulh shartnomasini tasdiqlashga qaror qildi. Ularni haydash, mol-mulki va yerini tortib olish yoki dushmanlik qilish kabi qattiq siyosatni yuritish niyati uning hech qachon bo‘lmagan.

Geographically, the closest people to Madinah were the Jews. Whilst harbouring evil intentions, and nursing bitter grudge, they showed not the least resistance nor the slightest animosity. The Prophet decided to ratify a treaty with them with clauses that provided full freedom in faith and wealth. He had no intention whatsoever of following severe policies involving banishment, seizure of wealth and land or hostility.

Bu shartnoma musulmonlar o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarga oid yanada keng qamrovli tizimning yana bir qismi doirasida tuzilgan edi.

The treaty came within the context of another one of a larger framework relating to inter-Muslim relationships.

Shartnomaning eng muhim qoidalari quyidagilardir:

The most important provisions of the treaty are the following:

1. Bani ‘Avf yahudiylari mo‘minlar bilan bir ummatdir. Yahudiylar o‘z dinlarini, musulmonlar esa o‘z dinlarini tutadilar.

1. The Jews of Bani ‘Awf are one community with the believers. The Jews will profess their religion, and the Muslims theirs.

2. Yahudiylar o‘z xarajatlari uchun, musulmonlar esa o‘zlariniki uchun javobgar bo‘ladilar.

2. The Jews shall be responsible for their expenditure, and the Muslims for theirs.

3. Agar uchinchi tomon hujum qilsa, har biri ikkinchisiga yordamga kelishi kerak.

3. If attacked by a third party, each shall come to the assistance of the other.

4. Har ikki tomon bir-biri bilan maslahatlashsin. O‘zaro munosabat taqvo asosida qurilsin; gunohga yo‘l butunlay yopiq bo‘lsin.

4. Each party shall hold counsel with the other. Mutual relation shall be founded on righteousness; sin is totally excluded.

5. Ikkalasi ham bir-birining zarariga gunoh sodir etmasin.

5. Neither shall commit sins to the prejudice of the other.

6. Zulm ko‘rgan tomonga yordam beriladi.

6. The wronged party shall be aided.

7. Yahudiylar, mo''minlar bilan birga urush qilar ekanlar, urush xarajatlariga o'z hissalarini qo'shadilar.

7. The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war so long as they are fighting alongside the believers.

8. Ushbu shartnomaga qo‘shilgan barcha tomonlar uchun Madina muqaddas va daxlsiz bo‘lib qoladi.

8. Madinah shall remain sacred and inviolable for all that join this treaty.

9. Ushbu shartnoma imzolovchilari o‘rtasida biror nizo yuzaga kelsa, uni Allohu Taolo, Ulug‘ Zot va Uning Rasuli ﷺ hal qiladi.

9. Should any disagreement arise between the signatories to this treaty, then Allâh, the All-High and His Messenger shall settle the dispute.

10. Ushbu shartnomaning imzolovchilari Quraysh bilan savdo-sotiqni boykot qiladilar; shuningdek, ularga hech qanday yordam ko'rsatishdan tiyiladilar.

10. The signatories to this treaty shall boycott Quraish commercially; they shall also abstain from extending any support to them.

11. Har bir guruh o'z hududida, tashqi hujum yuz berganda, Madinani himoya qilishda ishtirok etadi.

11. Each shall contribute to defending Madinah, in case of a foreign attack, in its respective area.

12. Ushbu sulh shartnomasi tomonlardan birortasini qonuniy qasos olishdan to'sib qo'ymaydi.

12. This treaty shall not hinder either party from seeking lawful revenge.

Ushbu shartnoma ratifikatsiya qilinganidan keyin Madina va uning atrofi koalitsion davlatga aylandi: poytaxti Madinaning o‘zi, "prezidenti" esa Muhammad ﷺ edi. Hokimiyat asosan musulmonlar qo‘lida bo‘lib, shu sababli u haqiqiy islom poytaxti edi. Tinchlik va xavfsizlik hududini kengaytirish maqsadida Payg‘ambar ﷺ o‘z "davlati" atrofida yashovchi boshqa qabilalar bilan ham shunga o‘xshash shartnomalar tuzishga kirishdi.

Madinah and its suburbs, after the ratification of this treaty, turned into a coalition state, with Madinah proper as capital and Muhammad (Peace be upon him) as ‘president’; authorities lay mainly in the hand of the Muslims, and consequently it was a real capital of Islam. To expand the zone of peace and security the Prophet (Peace be upon him) started to enter into similar treaties with other tribes living around ‘his state’.