1. Muhammad ibn Abdulloh (ﷺ) 6-hijriy yilning sha'bon oyida ‘Abdurrahmon ibn ‘Avf boshchiligida Doumat al-Jandal shahridagi Bani Kalb qabilasi yashaydigan joyga harbiy yurish yuborgan. Yo'lga chiqishdan oldin Payg'ambar (ﷺ) ‘Abdurrahmonni chaqirib, uning qo'lini o'z qo'liga oldi, unga Allohning barakasini so'radi va urush paytida saxiy bo'lishni buyurdi. Agar ular unga itoat qilsalar, qirolning qizi bilan uylanishni aytdi. ‘Abdurrahmon o'sha xalq orasida uch kun qoldi, ularni Islomga da'vat qildi va ular ijobiy javob berishdi. So'ngra u qirolning qizi Tamadur bint al-Asbag'ga uylandi.

1. A military expedition led by ‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Auf was despatched to the habitation of Bani Kalb in Doumat Al-Jandal in Sha‘ban 6 Hijri. Before setting out, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) summoned ‘Abdur Rahman, and placed his hand on the latter’s hand invoking Allâh’s blessings and giving him commandments to act magnanimously during the war. He told him to marry the king’s daughter if they obeyed him. ‘Abdur Rahman stayed among those people for three days, invited them to Islam and they responded positively. He then did marry the king’s daughter Tamadur bint Al-Asbagh.

2. Xuddi shu oy va yilda Ali ibn Abu Tolib bir guruh askarga boshchilik qilib, Fadak deb ataladigan joyda yashovchi Bani Sa'd ibn Bakr qabilasi tomon yuborildi. Payg'ambar ﷺ ularning yahudiylarni qo'llash uchun safarbar bo'lganini xabar qilgan edilar. Musulmon jangchilar kunduzi yurib, kechasi yashirinib yurar edilar. Yo'lda ular dushman josusini qo'lga oldilar, u Xaybar qabilasi tomonidan xurmo evaziga ularni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun yuborilganini tan oldi. Ali va uning hamrohlari ularning chodirgohiga hujum qilib, besh yuz tuya va ikki ming echkini qo'lga kiritdilar, ammo Bani Sa'd qabilasi o'z boshlig'i Vabr ibn Alim bilan qochib ketgan edi.

2. In the same month and year, ‘Ali bin Abi Talib was despatched at the head of a platoon to the habitation of Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr in a place called Fadk. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) had been reported that those had rallied ranks to support the Jews. The Muslim fighters used to march in the day and lurk at night. On their way, they captured an enemy scout who admitted being sent to Khaibar tribe, to offer them support in return for their dates. ‘Ali and his companions raided their encampment, captured five hundred camels and two thousand goats, but Banu Sa‘d, with their chieftain Wabr bin ‘Aleem had fled away.

3. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq yoki Zayd ibn Horisa boshchiligidagi qo'shin Fazara qabilasi Payg'ambarning hayotiga suiqasd uyushtirganidan so'ng, hijriy 6-yilning Ramazon oyida Vodiy al-Qurога yuborildi. Bomdod namozidan keyin qo'shinga dushmanga hujum qilish buyrug'i berildi. Ularning ba'zilari o'ldirildi, boshqalari asirga olindi. Asirlar orasida Umm Qirfa va uning chiroyli qizi ham bor edi; qiz Makkaga, u yerdagi ba'zi musulmon asirlarni ozod qilish evaziga yuborildi. Umm Qirfaning Payg'ambar ﷺ hayotiga qaratilgan urinishlari uning o'ziga qaytdi: uning yovuz rejasini amalga oshirish uchun to'plagan va ta'minlagan o'ttiz otliq esa barchasi o'ldirildi.

3. An expedition led by Abu Bakr As-Siddiq or Zaid bin Haritha was despatched to Wadi Al-Qura in Ramadan 6 Hijri after Fazara sept had made an attempt at the Prophet’s life. Following the morning prayer, the detachment was given orders to raid the enemy. Some of them were killed and others captured. Amongst the captives, were Umm Qirfa and her beautiful daughter, who was sent to Makkah as a ransom for the release of some Muslim prisoners there. Umm Qirfa’s attempts at the Prophet’s life recoiled on her, and the thirty horsemen she had gathered and sustained to implement her evil scheme were all killed.

4. Anas ibn Molik rivoyat qiladi: 'Uraina qabilasiga mansub ba'zi kishilar Alloh Elchisi ﷺ huzuriga kelib, Islomni da'vo qilishdi. Ular Madinada yashadilar, lekin uning iqlimi ularga mos kelmadi, shuning uchun ularga yaqin atrofdagi o'tloqlarda chodir tikish buyurildi. Ular shunday qilishdi va sog'lig'i yaxshi bo'ldi. Keyin ular Payg'ambar ﷺning cho'poniga hujum qilib, uni o'ldirdilar, Islomdan qaytdilar va tuyalarni haydab ketdilar. Bu xabar Payg'ambar ﷺga yetib bordi va u Karz ibn Jobir al-Fihriy boshchiligida yigirma nafar musulmondan iborat guruhni ularning izidan yubordi. Ularni topib, unga topshirishdi. U ularning qo'l-oyoqlarini kesishni, ko'zlarini o'yib olishni buyurdi, ularning qilmishlari uchun qasos sifatida, so'ngra ularni toshloq yerga tashlab qo'ydilar, to ular o'lguncha.

4. Anas bin Malik reported that some people belonging to tribe of ‘Uraina came to Allâh’s Messenger (Peace be upon him) and made pretensions to Islam. They stayed in Madinah but found its climate uncongenial, so they were asked to pitch their tents in the pastures nearby. They did so and were all right. They then fell on the Prophet’s shepherd and killed him, turned apostates from Islam and drove off the camels. This news reached the Prophet (Peace be upon him), who sent a group of twenty Muslims led by Karz bin Jabir Al-Fihri on their track. They were brought and handed over to him. He had their hands and feet cut off, their eyes gouged out in recompense for their behaviour, and then they were thrown on the stony ground until they died.

Biograflar shuningdek, Quraysh boshlig'i Abu Sufyonni o'ldirish uchun 'Amr bin Omaiya Ad-Damari va Salamah bin Abi Salamahning yuborilganligini xabar qilishgan. Abu Sufyon Payg'ambar ﷺ ni o'ldirish uchun ilgari bir badaviyni yuborgan edi. Ikki kishilik bu topshiriq muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi, faqat yo'lda uch mushrik o'ldirildi. Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, yuqorida zikr etilgan barcha yurishlar haqiqiy qattiq jang bo'lmagan, balki bo'ysundirilmagan ba'zi dushmanlarni qo'rqitish uchun olib borilgan to'qnashuvlar yoki jazolovchi harbiy harakatlar edi. Urush vaziyatlarining rivojini chuqur mulohaza qilib ko'rilsa, Islom dushmanlarining ruhiyati doimiy ravishda sinib borgani ko'rinadi. Ular endi Islom da'vatini to'xtatish yoki uning faol harakatini susaytirish imkoniyatiga ega emasliklarini anglab yetdilar. Bu holat Hudaybiya sulhida o'z cho'qqisiga chiqdi: jangovar ikki tomon, mo'minlar va kofirlar, sulh bitimiga kelishdi. Bu bitim Islomning doimiy ravishda kuchayib borayotgan qudratiga aniq ishora qildi va bu samoviy dinning Arabiston yarimorolida abadiyligini ochiq-oydin qayd etdi.

• Biographers also reported ‘Amr bin Omaiya Ad-Damari and Salamah bin Abi Salamah to have been sent on an errand to kill Abu Sufyan, the chief of Quraish, who had already sent a bedouin to kill the Prophet (Peace be upon him). The two-men mission failed except for three polytheists killed on the way. It is noteworthy that all the foregone invasions did not imply real bitter fighting, they were rather skirmishes or punitive military manoeuvres carried out to deter some enemies still unsubdued. Deep meditation on the development of war circumstances reveal the continuous collapse of the morale among the enemies of Islam, who had come to understand that they were no longer in a position to contain the Islamic call or weaken its active drive. This state of affairs reached its climax in Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty when the two belligerent parties, believers and disbelievers, entered into a truce agreement that pointed markedly to the ever-growing power of Islam, and recorded unequivocally the perpetuity of this heavenly religion in pan-Arabia.

Arabiston Muslimlar foydasiga keng va ta'sirli o'zgarishlarni boshdan kechira boshlagach, İslom da'vatining buyuk fath va muvaffaqiyatining old qarovullari asta-sekin demografik ufqda ko'rina boshladi va mo'min-musulmonlar muqaddas haramda ibodat qilish bo'yicha o'zlarining shubhasiz huquqini qayta tikladilar.

When Arabia began to witness the large impressive sweep in favour of the Muslims, the forerunners of the great conquest and success of the Islamic Call started gradually to loom on the demographic horizon, and the true believers restored their undisputed right to observe worship in the sacred sanctuary.

Hijriy oltinchi yil atrofida, Payg'ambar ﷺ hali Madinada bo'lganida, tushida o'zini sahobalari bilan birga xavfsizlikda Makkadagi muqaddas haramga kirib, 'Umra (kichik haj) marosimlarini ado etayotgandek ko'rdi. Ularning boshlari qirilayotgan va sochlari kesilayotgan edi. U tushidagi voqealarni sahobalaridan ba'zilariga aytishi bilan, ularning yuraklari quvonchdan hapriqdi, chunki ular oltı yillik muhojirlikdan so'ng hajga va uning muqaddas marosimlarida ishtirok etish borasidagi chuqur intilishlarining ushalishini bu tushda ko'rdilar.

It was about the sixth year Hijri when the Prophet (Peace be upon him) saw in a dream, while he was still in Madinah, that he had entered the sacred sanctuary in Makkah in security with his followers, and was performing the ceremonies of ‘Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). Their heads were being shaved and hair cut off. As soon as he informed some of his Companions the contents of his dream, their hearts leapt up with joy since they found in it the actualization of their deep longing to take part in pilgrimage and its hallowed rites after an exile of six years.

Payg'ambar ﷺ kiyimlarini yuvdirdi, tuyasiga minib, bir ming besh yuz nafar musulmon bilan, jumladan xotinlari Ummu Salama bilan birga Makka tomon yo'lga chiqdi. Iymoni zaif ba'zi sahro badaviylari orqada qolib, bahona topdilar. Ular jang qilish niyatida bo'lmaganliklari uchun qiniga solingan qilichlardan boshqa qurol olmagan edilar. Payg'ambar ﷺ yo'qligida Madina ishlarini boshqarish Ibn Ummu Maktumga topshirildi. Makkaga yaqinlashganda, Zul-Hulayfa deb ataladigan joyda u qurbonlik hayvonlariga gulchambar osishni buyurdi va barcha mo'minlar ihrom, ya'ni haj libosini kiydilar. U dushman haqida xabar topish uchun bir kishini josuslikka yubordi. U qaytib kelib, Payg'ambar ﷺ ga, unga qarshi ko'p sonli qul va katta qo'shin to'planganini hamda Makkaga boradigan yo'l butunlay to'silganini aytdi. Payg'ambar ﷺ sahobalari bilan maslahatlashdi; ular haj qilishdan to'sib qo'yilmagunicha hech kim bilan jang qilmasliklari kerak, degan fikrda bo'ldilar.

The Prophet (Peace be upon him) had his clothes washed, mounted his camel and marched out towards Makkah at the head of fifteen hundred Muslims including his wife Umm Salamah. Some desert bedouins whose Faith was lukewarm hung back and made excuses. They carried no weapons with them except sheathed swords because they had no intention of fighting. Ibn Umm Maktum was mandated to dispose the affairs of Madinah during the Prophet’s absence. As they approached Makkah, and in a place called Dhi Hulaifa, he ordered that the sacrificial animals be garlanded, and all believers donned Al-Ihrâm, the pilgrim’s garb. He despatched a reconnoiterer to hunt around for news of the enemy. The man came back to tell the Prophet (Peace be upon him) that a large number of slaves, as well as a huge army, were gathered to oppose him, and that the road to Makkah was completely blocked. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) consulted his Companions, who were of the opinion that they would fight none unless they were debarredfrom performing their pilgrimage.

Shu sulh yozilayotgan paytda Suhaylning o'g'li Abu Jandal sahnada paydo bo'ldi. U shafqatsizlarcha zanjirband qilingan edi va ochlik hamda charchoqdan zo'rg'a yurardi. Payg'ambar ﷺ va sahobalar unga achinishdi va uning ozod etilishiga harakat qilishdi, lekin Suhayl qat'iy turib dedi: "Shartnomaga sodiqligingizni ko'rsatish uchun ayni shu imkoniyat keldi." Payg'ambar ﷺ dedi: "Lekin sulh hali imzolanmagan edi, o'g'lingiz lagerga kirganda." Shunda u jahli chiqib dedi: "Lekin sulh shartlari kelishib olingan edi." Haqiqatan ham bu tashvishli payt edi. Bir tomondan, Abu Jandal ovozi boricha faryod chekardi: "Meni mushriklarga qaytarasizlarmi, ular meni dinimdan ayirishsin, ey musulmonlar!" Boshqa tomondan esa, sodiqlik bilan bajariladigan va'da boshqa barcha mulohazalardan ustun deb hisoblanardi. Payg'ambarning ﷺ qalbi hamdardlikka to'ldi, ammo u so'zini har qanday holda ham ado etishni istardi. U Abu Jandalga tasalli berib dedi: "Sabr qil, Allohning irodasiga tavakkal qil. Alloh sen va yordamsiz hamrohlaring uchun yengillik va qochish yo'lini ato etadi. Biz ular bilan tinchlik shartnomasini tuzdik va Alloh nomi bilan va'da berdik. Shu sababli biz hech qanday holatda uni buzishga tayyor emasmiz." Umar ibn al-Xattob dilidagi chuqur azobni bosib turolmadi. U o'rnidan turib, chuqur nafrat va katta g'azabni ifodalovchi so'zlar bilan Abu Jandaldan qilichini olib Suhaylni o'ldirishni so'radi, lekin o'g'il otasini ayamadi. Shunday bo'lsa-da, jim taslim bo'lgan holda Abu Jandal zanjirlari bilan olib ketildi.

It was during this time while the treaty was being written that Abu Jandal, Suhail’s son, appeared on the scene. He was brutally chained and was staggering with privation and fatigue. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his Companions were moved to pity and tried to secure his release but Suhail was adamant and said: “To signify that you are faithful to your contract, an opportunity has just arrived.” The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: “But the treaty was not signed when your son entered the camp.” Upon this, he burst forth and said, “but the terms of the treaty were agreed upon.” It was indeed an anxious moment. On the one hand, Abu Jandal was lamenting at the top of his voice, “Am I to be returned to the polytheists that they might entice me from my religion, O Muslims!” but, on the other hand, the faithful engagement was also considered to be necessary, above all other considerations. The Prophet’s heart welled up with sympathy, but he wanted to honour his word at all costs. He consoled Abu Jandal and said, “Be patient, resign yourself to the Will of Allâh. Allâh is going to provide for you and your helpless companions relief and means of escape. We have concluded a treaty of peace with them and we have taken the pledge in the Name of Allâh. We are, therefore, under no circumstances prepared to break it.” ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab could not help giving vent to the deep-seated agony of his heart. He rose to his feet uttering words implying deep hatred and extreme indignation and requested Abu Jandal to take his sword and kill Suhail, but the son spared his father. However, in silent resignation was therefore, Abu Jandal borne away with his chains.

Bir qator voqealar Alloh "ochiq g'alaba" deb atagan sulh shartnomasining chuqur donoligini va ajoyib natijalarini tasdiqladi. Axir, Quraysh Arabistonda siyosiy hayot sahnasida qonuniy musulmonlarning mavjudligini tan olib, mo'minlar bilan teng huquqli munosabatda bo'la boshlagan edi. Shartnoma moddalari nuqtai nazaridan Quraysh diniy yetakchilik da'vosidan bilvosita voz kechdi va endi Quraysh dan boshqa odamlar bilan qiziqmasligini tan oldi hamda Arabiston yarim orolining diniy kelajagiga har qanday aralashuvdan qo'lini yuvdi. Musulmonlar odamlarning mol-mulkini tortib olish yoki qonli urushlar orqali ularni o'ldirish niyatida emas edi, shuningdek Islomni targ'ib qilishda hech qachon majburlash usullarini ko'zda tutmagan edilar. Aksincha, ularning yagona maqsadi mafkura yoki din borasida erkinlik muhitini ta'minlash edi:

A series of events confirmed the profound wisdom and splendid results of the peace treaty which Allâh called “a manifest victory”. How could it be otherwise when Quraish had recognized the legitimate Muslims’ existence on the scene of political life in Arabia, and began to deal with the believers on equal terms. Quraish in the light of the articles of the treaty, had indirectly relinquished its claim to religious leadership, and admitted that they were no longer interested in people other than Quraish, and washed their hands of any sort of intervention in the religious future of the Arabian Peninsula. The Muslims did not have in mind to seize people’s property or kill them through bloody wars, nor did they ever think of pursuing any coercive approaches in their endeavours to propagate Islam, on the contrary, their sole target was to provide an atmosphere of freedom as regards ideology or religion:

“Xohlagan kishi iymon keltirsin, xohlagan kishi kufr keltirsin.” [18:29].

• “Then whosoever wills, let him believe, and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve.” [18:29].

Boshqa tomondan, musulmonlarga Islomni hali o‘rganilmagan hududlarga yoyish imkoniyati paydo bo‘ldi. Sulh o‘rnatilgach, urush to‘xtadi, odamlar uchrashib, bir-biri bilan maslahatlashdi va Islom haqida ilmiy ravishda gaplashgan hech kim uni qabul qilmasdan qolmadi. Sulh shartnomasi tuzilgandan keyingi ikki yil ichida avvalgiga nisbatan ikki baravar ko‘p odam Islomni qabul qildi. Buni shu dalil tasdiqlaydi: Payg‘ambar ﷺ Al-Hudaybiyaga atigi 1400 kishi bilan chiqqan edi, ikki yil o‘tib Makkani ozod qilish uchun yo‘lga chiqqanda esa yonida 10 000 kishi bor edi.

The Muslims, on the other hand, had the opportunity to spread Islam over areas not then explored. When there was armistice, war was abolished, and men met and consulted together, none talked about Islam intelligently without entering it; within the two years following the conclusion of the treaty double as many entered Islam as ever before. This is supported by the fact that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) went out to Al-Hudaibiyah with only 1,400 men, but when he set out to liberate Makkah, two years later, he had 10,000 men with him.